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BETWEEN:
ST. LAWRENCE COLLEGE
(The College)
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ONTARIO PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEES UNION
(The Union)
AND IN THE MATTER OF THE GRIEVANCES OF M. ROBITAILLE - #95E095/096
ARBITRATOR: Kenneth P. Swan
APPEARANCES:
For the College: Ann Burke, Counsel
Anne Sliviaskas, Student at Law
Blayne Mackey, Vice-President,
Human Resources
Cindy Bleakney, Human Resources
Officer
For the Union: David Jewitt, Counsel
Mary Ann White, Chief Steward
Bill Anderson, Vice-President,
Local 417
M. Robitaille, Grievor
AWARD
Hearings in this matter were held in Kingston, Ontario on
December 15, 1995, March 29 and October 15, 1996. At the outset of
the hearings, the parties were agreed that the board of arbitration
had been properly appointed pursuant to the collective agreement,
and that we had jurisdiction to hear and determine the matters at
issue between them.
In the course of the hearing, because of the
unavailability of a member of the board of arbitration, the parties
agreed to confer all of the jurisdiction of the board of arbitra-
tion on the Chair, at least with respect to the preliminary issues
which have occupied the hearings so far. This is therefore the
award of the Chair alone, as sole arbitrator by agreement of the
parties.
There are two grievances at issue, both filed on June 7,
1995. Both allege a violation of Article 27.09 B, one in relation
to "the EFL position", and the other in relation to "two one-half
load positions in the Centre for Quality Instruction". In each
case the relief sought is recall into the position in question, and
compensation accordingly.
In addition to clause 27.09 B, the Union .also refers to
clause 27.09 A. The right of the Union to rely on this.second
provision is'an issue between the parties. For ease of reference,
both are set out below:
Post Lay-Off Considerations
27.09 ~ To assist persons who are laid off, the College
agrees to the following:
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(i) Such a person may take, tuition free, one
program or course offered by the college, for
which the person meets the normal entrance and
admission requirements. In addition, the
College shall consider and implement such
retraining opportunities as the College may
consider feasible.
(ii) Before the College hires a sessional employee,
a person who has been laid off under 27.06
within the last twenty-four months and has not
elected severance under 27.10 A shall be
offered the sessional appointment provided
that the former employee has the competence,
skill, and experience to fulfil the require-
ments of the sessional position concerned.
The applicable salary for the duration of the
sessional appointment shall be at the current
salary rate, at the step level in effect at
the time of lay-off.
For the purpose of Appendix VIII, the former
employee will be deemed to be a new hire.
This sessional employee will terminate employ-
ment at the end of the sessional appointment.
For the purpose of 27.03 E and 27.09 B the
former employee will be deemed to be still on
lay-off during the sessional appointment.
(iii) The College shall consider additional means of
support such as career counselling and job
search assistance where such activities are
expected to assist the individual in making
the transition to a new career outside the
Bargaining Unit.
Recall
27.09 B Before hiring full-time employees, an individ-
ual who has been laid off under 27.06 will be recalled to
that individual's former or another full-time position,
provided that the individual has the competence, skill,
and experience to fulfil the requirements of the position
concerned. Such recall entitlement shall apply during
the period of two years from the date of the lay-off.
The facts on which this matter is to be decided are not
in much dispute, although there are contested interpretations
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placed on those facts by the parties. The grievor was employed at
all material times as a professor in the academic staff unit. In
the spring of 1994, she was. given a lay-off notice which became
effective on October 2, 1994. Pursuant to Article 27, the grievor
retained certain recall rights for a period of two years, until
October 2, 1996.
On May 26, 1995, the College posted two half-time one-
year term assignments, with the potential of renewal, in the Centre
for Quality Instruction. The posting was stated to be restricted
to full-time internal staff, and the intention appears to have been
to appoint two serving professors to these positions on a half-time
basis, while they continued to carry out teaching duties for the
other half of their academic appointment. Grievance 95E095
complains that the grievor should have been "recalled into" these
two half-load positions, presumably thus giving her full-time
employment. The positions were assigned instead to two full-time
professors who were not, at the time of the assignments, on lay-
off. I shall refer to these positions, for ease of reference, as
the CQI positions.
Also in the spring of 1995, although the date does not
emerge precisely from the evidence, the College posted what had
previously been described as a "secondment position restricted to
internal full-time staff" as a professor of English as a foreign
language at Szechenyi Istvan College in Gyor, Hungary. This was
one of a number of appointments made as part of a cooperative
venture to create a legal assistant program at the college in
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Hungary, and those positions were filled in a number of different
ways, to be described below. The "EFL" position had previously
been posted internally in March 1994, but there had been no
internal applicants. Ms. Allison Motluck was appointed as an
external hire. Although she had worked as a sessional at the
College in 1991-92, she was at the time of her appointment not an
employee of the College. Her appointment was from August 1, 1994
to December 30, 1994, and she was paid an hourly rate based on the
rates paid to partial-load employees at the College, although she
was working in Hungary on a full-time basis. Apart from the
coincidence of the hourly rate, Ms. Motluck was not treated in any
way as if she were covered by the collective agreement. I was
informed that Ms. Motluck's appointment was the subject, among
other things, of a grievance by the grievor against her lay-off,
which is before another board of arbitration.
Because Ms. Motluck elected not to continue in the
position after her first appointment, the new posting was entered
into, and ultimately awarded to Ms. Anita Downey. The evidence
indicates that Ms. Downey was not resident in Canada at the time of
her appointment, that she performed no duties for.the College in
Ontario, and that she was not treated as a person covered by the
collective agreement. Grievance 95E095 complains that the grievor
was not recalled into the EFL position filled by Ms. Downey.
The College raises a general objection to the arbitrabil-
ity of both grievances on the terms advanced by the Union, and
similar but somewhat different objections to proceeding with either
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of the two grievances on the merits based on understandings reached
between the parties at the Union/College Committee, a body
established by Article 7 and having authority to determine
authoritatively the "local application of this Agreement or
clarification of procedures or conditions causing misunderstanding
or grievances". I shall deal with these objections in turn.
Each grievance begins in the same way, with an allegation
"that the College is violating Article 27.09 B specifically but not
exclusively in that I have not been recalled. . .". The only
difference between the grievances is the specific position(s)
identified, the CQI positions in one case and the EFL position in
the other. For reasons which will become clear, the Union now
wishes to argue that clause 27.09 A is also involved in the
grievance, and that it can seek relief and remedies under that
provision. The College objects that, given that the grievance
procedure was waived in this case and there is nothing to show that
the College has consented, either expressly or impliedly, to an
amendment of the grievances, such an expansion of the grounds is
contrary to Article 32 of the collective agreement. The material
parts of that provision are as follows:
~RIEVANCE PROCEDURES
~rievances
32.03 Failing settlement of a complaint, it shall be
taken up as a grievance (if it falls within the defini-
tion under 32.12 C) in the following manner and sequence
provided it is presented within seven days of the
immediate supervisor's reply to the complaint. It is the
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intention of the parties that reasons supporting the
grievance and for its referral to a succeeding Step be
set out in the grievance and on the document referring it
to the next Step. Similarly, the College's written
decisions at each step shall contain reasons supporting
the decision.
Btep One
An employee shall present a signed grievance in writing
to the employee's immediate supervisor setting forth the
nature of the grievance, the surrounding circumstances
and the remedy sought. The immediate supervisor shall
arrange a meeting within seven days of the receipt of the
grievance at which the employee, a Union Steward desig-
nated by the Union Local, if the Union Local so requests,
the Dean of the Division and the immediate supervisor
shall attend and discuss the grievance. The immediate
supervisor and Dean will give the grievor and the Union
Steward their decision in writing within seven days
following the meeting. If the grievor is not satisfied
with the decision of the immediate supervisor and Dean,
the grievor shall present the grievance in writing at
Step Two within 15 days of the day the grievor received
such decision.
Since it is well accepted that the time limits under this
collective agreement are mandatory, and that the Colleges Collec-
tive Bargaining Act provides no jurisdiction for an arbitrator to
waive or relieve against those time limits, the College argues that
any attempt to amend the grievances at the outset of the arbitra-
tion hearing constitutes an attempt to circumvent those time
limits, and ought not to be allowed.
A number of arbitration awards were referred to by the
College in its argument on this point. I had occasion to review a
number of these awards, and to discuss their proper application to
this collective agreement, in Re George Brown College and Ontario
Public Service EmDlovees Union (Thomas Grievances 93A805/808),
unreproted, July 19, 1994 (Swan). That award quotes extensively
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from Re Electrohome Ltd. and International Brotherhood of Electri-
cal Workers. Local 2345 (1984), 16 L.A.C. (3d) 78 (Rainer), at pp.
81-82, and from Re Algonquin College and Ontario Public Service
Employees Union (Danielson), unreported, June 18, 1993 (Bendel).
All of the jurisprudence under this collective agreement,
including Re George Brown College, supra, includes some reference
to Re Blouin Drywall Contractors Ltd. and United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America. Local 2486 (1975), 57 D.L.R.
(3d) 199, 8 O.R. (2d) 103 [leave to appeal to S.C.C. refused
November 17, 1975]. The following often-stated observations of
Brooke, J.A. appear in Re Electrohome Ltd., supra, and are quoted
again in Re George Brown College, supra:
No doubt it is the practice that grievances be submitted
in writing and that the dispute be clearly stated, but
these cases should not be won or lost on the technicality
of form, rather on the merits and as provided in the
contract and so the dispute may be finally and fairly
resolved with simplicity and dispatch. . .
Certainly, the board is bound by the grievance before it
but the grievance should be liberally construed so that
the real complaint is dealt with and the appropriate
remedy provided to give effect to the agreement provi-
sions. . .
As I read the cases, no arbitrator under this collective
agreement has asserted that only those provisions of the collective
agreement expressly set out in the grievance may be referred to in
argument. Virtually all the cases where arbitrators have refused
to consider what they find to be an amendment to the grievance deal
with circumstances where a completely different ground is raised
for the first time at arbitration, rather than merely a different
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collective agreement support for the same ground. The collective
agreement provides only that the grievance must set forth "the
nature of the grievance, the surrounding circumstances and the
remedy sought". A comparison of clause 27.09 B, which is referred
to in the grievance, and 27.09 A(ii), which is not, will indicate
that both of them deal with the rights of an employee on lay-off to
be considered for available work before a new hire is made. Clause
27.09 B deals with situations where the College is about to hire a
full-time employee. Paragraph 27.09 A(ii) deals with a situation
where the College is about to hire a sessional employee. Under
clause 27.09 B, the laid off employee is "recalled", in the sense
that the employee returns to active employment, while under
paragraph 27.09 A(ii) the employee is deemed to continue on lay-off
during a sessional appointment, which is for a limited term and is
treated as completely separate from the ordinary employment
relationship. The College's argument that, by specifying the
concept of recall in the grievance, the Union is completely barred
from making any alternative claim to a sessional appointment seems
to put a remarkable premium on the technical use of the word
"recall". So restricted a construction would certainly not be
within the spirit of the quotation set out above from Re Blouin
Drywall Contractors Ltd..
As will appear, it is only in relation to the EFL
position in Hungary that the Union's desire to argue for an
appointment to a sessional position becomes necessary, and the
actual characterization of that position as sessional is in itself
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fraught with difficulties. In my view, it would hold the grievor
and her Union steward to far too high a standard of legal drafting
to foreclose the Union from making an argument in the particular
circumstances of that grievance, based on clause 27.09 A as well as
clause 27.09 B.
I turn next to the arguments in relation to the deliber-
ations of the Union College Committee. As will appear, both the
CQI positions and the Hungary positions were under discussion at
the UCC, and the deliberations of that body are therefore central
to the College's objections to the arbitrability of these griev-
ances.
The history of the CQI positions begins with the
execution of Local Agreement #06 between the parties on March 21,
1994. This agreement concerns professional development opportun-
ities, and the substance of it is as follows:
For internal activities considered to be professional
development opportunities and positions which have been
mutually agreed to at the Union College Committee, Local
417 and the College agree to:
a) posting of the position;
b) terms not to exceed two years and limited to two
consecutive terms;
c) no issuance of a SWF;
d) a record of teaching activities will be maintained
including non-traditional delivery and will be
available to the Local upon request;
e) conditions of workload will be consistent with
those outlined in the Collective Agreement for
Counsellors and Librarians;
f) changes as to the nature of the professional devel-
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opment activities for a particular position will be
discussed at the Union College Committee;
g) procedures concerning renewal will be reviewed and
agreed to at UCC within one year.
The minutes of the UCC for May 17, 1995 indicate that
there were discussions about positions at the Centre for Quality
Instruction. The complete minute reads:
Committee reviewed and revised postings/position descrip-
tions/ search criteria for CSAC, Instructional Develop-
ment and Education Technologies professional development
opportunities.
ACTION: 1/2 time workload issue to be referred to WMG
for decision.
Blayne Mackey to send revised search criteria
and postings to committee members for review
prior to posting.
At the Committee's next meeting, on June 14, 1995, the
minutes of the May 17 meeting were approved as amended, but there
is no indication of any amendments on this particular topic.
Meanwhile, the two positions in question in the CQI had been
posted. There were apparently some issues still alive between the
parties as to the filling of these positions, including the length
of time for which the postings were to be displayed, and the
minutes of the meeting of June 14 indicate the following resolution
to those issues:
20. Union Grievance
Mary Ann White indicated that the Union Grievance will be
withdrawn.
The College agreed that the vacancies created by the
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filling of the professional development opportunity
postings (CQI) will be filled by Bargaining Union
employees if possible. The College agreed to give
preference to filling at least one of the vacancies with
a full-time Bargaining Unit employee.
Local 417 approved the professional development
vacancies.
ACTION: Bring forward process for renewal of pro-
fessional development positions to September
meeting.
The two persons identified in these minutes testified at
the hearing. Blayne Mackey is Vice-President of Administration and
Human Resources at the College, a member of the UCC, and in
attendance on the relevant occasions. Mary Ann White is the Chief
Steward for Local 417, also a member of the UCC who was present on
these occasions.
It is clear that these two individuals viewed what
occurred at the May and June meetings of the UCC somewhat differ-
ently, but on the face of the minutes it is obvious that the UCC
considered the terms of the documentation relating to the postings,
and approved the postings in the form in which they finally
appeared, whether that approval was given prospectively on May 17
or retrospectively on June 14. The UCC approved the positions as
half-time professional development positions, to be given to full-
time professors who would continue to carry a half-time teaching
load, and the details of exactly how workload was to be measured
were referred to the Workload Measurement Committee (WMG) for
resolution. There is also no doubt that these positions were
intended to be posted pursuant to Local Agreement #06, and that
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these meetings constituted the occasion on which the parties
"mutually agreed to" these positions.
In my view, based on the totality of the evidence and the
wording of clauses 27.09 A and 27.09 B, the grievances do not
identify a breach of the collective agreement in relation to the
two CQI half-time jobs. What occurred here is that two positions
were created, and then filled by regular full-time academic staff
members. They were filled on a half-time basis, as approved by
both the UCC and the WMG. Neither position involved the hiring of
a full-time employee, nor the hiring of a sessional employee. Even
if such a hiring eventually took place to fill the teaching duties
vacated by the two successful applicants, it would be that hiring
which would trigger any rights which the grievor might have under
clause 27.09 A or 27.09 B.
The posting of the half-time positions in the CQI did not
trigger any such rights, and therefore did not give the grievor
either the right to be recalled under clause 27.09 B or the right
to be hired on a sessional appointment under clause 27.09 A. In
the result, Grievance 95E096 is not arbitrable because it does not
disclose any breach of the collective agreement. While the
College's preliminary objection was expressed in somewhat different
terms, relating to a form of estoppel against the Union, I think
that the simple answer is that, because of the way in which the
parties agreed to structure these positions and the postings for
them, the condition precedent to any rights for someone in the
grievor's position under Article 27 was never met.
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AS to the positions in Hungary, the evidence indicates
that there had been discussions between the parties for a consider-
able period of time about the status of persons appointed to those
positions. At one point, the Union was concerned that those
positions constituted a place where the College could "hide"
employees during downsizing, since they could continue to accrue
seniority while in a location where they would be effectively
insulated from displacement by a more senior employee. At some
other point, the College appears to have taken the position that
these were bargaining unit positions to which it could assign laid
off employees by offering them recall, the refusal of which would
constitute a resignation by the employee. Both parties appear to
have requested legal opinions at one time or another, and their
respective positions seem to have flowed back and forth over a
period of time.
Moreover, it is clear that persons appointed to positions
in Hungary were treated in different ways. For example, a regular
full-time academic employee, Ms. Kathy Lawton, had applied for a
curriculum development position which also included a certain
amount of EFL teaching, which was posted at the same time as the
EFL position which eventually became the subject of Grievance
95E095. Ms. Lawton was successful, and was "seconded" to the
position. She was apparently treated as a full-time faculty member
on an approved leave, one of the terms of which was that she was
entitled to retain her College salary and benefits, and to continue
to accrue seniority while she was overseas. Ms. Motruck and Ms.
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Downey, who filled the EFL position, were not full-time employees
of the College when they were engaged, were hired on an hourly wage
basis, received no College benefits, and certainly did not accrue
any seniority.
The discussion between the parties also reached a certain
level of resolution at the UCC meeting on May 17, 1995. The
minutes include the following reference:
6. Postings for Professors in Hungary
The College agrees that where a temporary vacancy occurs
in an academic position physically located outside of
Canada, that the College will consider the position as a
sessional assignment under Article 27.09 A. If the
College decides that an employee who is on layoff with
recall rights has the competency, skill and experience to
fulfil the requirements of the position, then that
employee will be offered the assignment. The College
agrees that where an employee offered such an assignment
declines the offer, that the employee will not lose
recall rights.
The only reference to this agreement between the parties
in the minutes for June 14, 1995 was an action notice that Mr.
Mackey would have this agreement published in College News. As a
result, therefore, the only conclusion is that, as of May 17, 1995,
the parties had agreed that someone in the grievor's position would
be considered under Article 27.09 A for appointment to a position
such as the EFL position based on her competency, skill and
experience to fulfil the requirements of the position. It may be
that the expression "if the College decides that" confers more
discretion on the College than the language of clause 27.09 A, but
that is surely a matter for argument based on the circumstances of
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each individual case. The simple fact is, however, that at about
the same time as the EFL position was being filled for the second
time, the question of whether such positions should be treated as
wholly foreign to the collective agreement, or as sessional
positions invoking clause 27.09 A, was under active discussion
between the parties, and was still apparently not finally resolved,
as the evidence suggests that there were further discussions
thereafter.
In my view, in these circumstances the College's attempt
to restrict the grievor from the modest expansion of her grievance
to include reference to clause 27.09 A as well as 27.09 B relies on
a mere technicality that ought not to stand in the way of a
determination of what is actually at issue between the parties, and
a resolution thereof.
In addition, however, the College advances an argument
based on the Colleges Collective Bargaining Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. c-
15, Schedule 1. Paragraph (x) of that Schedule excludes from the
academic staff bargaining unit "a person engaged and employed
outside Ontario". The College advances a sophisticated constitu-
tional law argument to the effect that, because Ms. Downey was
certainly employed outside Ontario, and was also engaged outside
Ontario, the grievor has no rights in relation to her position.
While the College's argument is interesting, it is in my
view completely misplaced. The only effect of paragraph (x) of
Schedule 1 to the Act, is to exclude from the academic bargaining
unit a person in Ms. Downey's position; that provision says nothing
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whatsoever about rights the grievor may have, in Ontario, to be
considered for vacancies which the College intends to fill. It may
be that if the grievor was appointed to fill a vacancy outside
Canada, there might be some question as to whether she was covered
by the collective agreement or not, but that is a very different
question from what rights she had, entirely within the boundaries
of the province of Ontario, under the collective agreement which
clearly applied to her lay-off status.
Perhaps surprisingly, the evidence which I have before me
does not indicate the precise time at which Ms. Downey was
"engaged". I also do not know when the grievor became aware of
this engagement. Obviously, a number of issues may arise from the
timing, respectively, of the posting of the Hungary position, the
appointment of Ms. Downey, the agreement concluded on May 17, 1995
in respect of such appointments, and the filing of the grievance.
Without further knowledge of those issues, not to mention evidence
about the grievor'squalifications and experience, it is impossible
for me to go any farther with this matter at the present time. For
the moment, all I can do is to make certain declarations in
relation to the preliminary issues put before me, and to remit the
matter to the parties for further discussion and, if required,
further hearings on the matters outstanding.
In the result, therefore, I declare that:
1. Grievance 95E096 is not arbitrable, on the grounds that
the filling of the two CQI half-time positions took place in
accordance with an agreement between the parties in such a way as