HomeMy WebLinkAbout1989-0149.Thompson.90-05-24 ONTARIO EMPLOYES DE LA COURONNE
CROWN EMPLOYEE$ DEL'ONTARIO
GRIEVANCE C,OMMISSION DE
SE'n'LEMENT REGLEMENT
BOARD DES GRIEFS
lBO DUNDAS STREET WEST, SUITE 2100, TORONTO, ONTARIO, MSG ~Z$ TELE~"fONE/T~L~Pt.~ONE,* (4 ~Sj 326-
180, RUE DUNDAS OUEST, BUREAU 2~, TO~ONTO ~ONTA~tO), MSG 1Z8 FACStMILE/T~L~COPJE .. (4 ~6) 325-
149/89
IN THE, HATTER OF AN ARBITRATION
Under
THE CROWN EMPLOYEES COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ACT
Before
THE GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT BOARD
BETWEEN:
OPSEU (Thompson)
Grievor
- and --
The Crown in Right of Ontario
(Ministry of Community & Sociai Services)
Employer
- and -
BEFORE: T.H. Wilson Vice-Chairperson
P. Klym Member
A. Merritt Member
'FOR THE B. Rutherford~
GRIEVOR: Counsel
Gowling, Strathy & Henderson
Barristers & Solicitors
FOR THE S. Patterson
EMPLOYER: Counsel
Ministry of Community &
Social Services
BEARING: April 4, 1990
Decision
The Grievor was a Residential Counsellor at the Huronia
Regional Centre in Orillia, Ontario. He was dismissed for the use
of excessive force on three occasions all within the time period
before and after Christmas 1988 and involving residents in the
facility. He was dismissed by letter dated March 3, 1989. The
hearing before this Board was concerned solely with whether the
discretion this Board has under Subsection 3 of section 19 of the
Crown Employees Collective Bargaining Act should be exercised in
favour of the grievor. That discretion is specifically limited in
such circumstances under subsection (4). We first set out those
provisions.
19 (3) Where the Grievance Settlement Board determines that
a disciplinarypenalty of dismissal of an employee is
excessive, it may substitute such other penalty for
the discipline or dismissal as it considers just and
reasonable in all the circumstances.
(4) Where, in exercising its authority under subsection
(3), the Grievance Settlement Board finds that an
employee who works in a facility,
(a) has apDlied force to a resident in the
facility, except the minimum force necessary for
self~defence or the defence of another Derson or
necessary to restrain the resident
(b) has sexually molested a resident in the
facility,
the Grievance Settlement Board shall not provide for
~he employment of the emDloyee in a position that
· involves direct responsibility for or that provides
any opportunity for contact with residents in a
facility, but the Board may Drovide for'the
employment of the employee in another substantially
equivalent position.
2
'(5) in subsection (4)
(b) "resident" means a person who is an inmate,
patient, pupil or resident 'in or' detained or cared
for in a facility .
There is no.dispute as to the facts in this case. The Grievor
pleaded guilty in Provincial Court (Criminal Division) on September
22, 1989 to two counts of Level 1 assault (Section 266 of the
Criminal Code of Canada). The Crown proceeded on'these counts by
indictment.
The facts arenas follows as to these events: The facility
involved is a residential facility'for adults who are suffering
from a mental hand£cap. The grievor was working on a floor of a
three floor residence, known as Cottage D1. This particular
cottage has residents who are particularly difficult to deal with
due to behavioral difficulties. For example, many of the residents
are incontinent; they make messes when they eat; they engage in
aggressive behaviour; it is apparently a difficult place to work.
However, people working in that cottage are well aware that that
is the sort of resident that they are dealing with. During the
relevant period, relating to one of the assaults, the residents
were being showered and dressed for breakfast one morning at about
seven o'clock and one resident, X had not followed the grievor's
direction in relation to that procedure.. The grievor ran up to the
resident and Jumped on him, knocked him ~to the floor, and then
punched him several times in the stomach and face. The resident
3
did not resist. He tried to escape from the grievor, but was not
able to do' so.
At a time later in the month, on or about the same time
though, there was an occasion when that same resident was going to
the laundry room in order to clean up as he had defecated on
hi'self and he was being taken there by a staff member, Connie
Latour.
As they were en route to the laundry room, the defendant met
them and kicked X in the head and X fell to the ground.
Apparently, the grievor was angry because-the resident had soiled
himself.
With respect to an incident concerning the second resident
during the period between December 25, i988 and January 1, 1989
this resident, Y, was ~umping up and down and making some loud
noises. The grievor who apparently had expressed before
frustrations with this particular type of behaviour demonstrated
by Y, apparently lost his temper, jumped out of his chair and
punched Y in the face. Y stopped making a noise and remained quiet
for a substantial period of time.
By letter dated March 3, 1989 the Administrator of the Huronia
Regional Centre relying on these three above described incidents
and characterizing them as excessive force in dealing with clients
4
concluded:
"Your behaviour is totally unacceptable and you have
violated the Ministry's Standards of Conduct and Disciplinary
Guidelines respecting abuse of residents. I have therefore
concluded that you have abused your position of trust with
Ministry clients and you can no longer be employed in a
facility providing care to developmentally handicapped
individuals.
It is my View that as a result of your behaviour your
employment must be terminated. In accordance with section
22(3) of the Public Service Act I am therefore dismissing you
from employment at the Huronia Regional Centre, effective
March 3, 1989."
Union Counsel agreed at the hearing that a prima facte case
has been made out by the Ministry. The issue was whether the
penalty of dischgrge should be mitigated in the circumstahces.
The grievor testified. He informed the Board that since this
dismissal he has had two 3obs. At the date of the hearing he had
a 3ob as a glass 'installer with a company in Orillia. Prior to
that for five weeks he had worked as a scoreboard installer in a
gymnasium. But after his sentencing hearing in Provincial Court
in January 12, 1990 the employer refused to accept his telephone
calls. The grievor assumes that this may have been due to the media
coverage of his case. The grievor received a one year suspended
sentence and one year's probation. No fine was imposed. The
grievor testified thatthe judge stated that due to the loss of pay
and extensiVe media coverage the grievor had paid enough.
5
The grievor had been a Residential Counsellor II at ~uronia
Regional Centre at D1 Cottage which he stated had formerly been
called "O" Cottage. The grievor had no previous disciplinary
record. He testified that prior to these incidents his supervisors
had appraised him as dealing with disturbed residents in a calm,
quiet, effective manner. Prior to becoming a Residential
Counsellor II at Huronia, the grievor had worked at Prince Edward
Heights in Picketing for five years. That is a facility for the
mentally handicapped. He had started there in October 1981 as a
Residential Counsellor Assistant unclassified. While there he
successfully completed the Developmental. Service Worker course at
Loyalist.College in Belleville.
The grievor testified that the assaults were easily the worst
thing he had ever done in his'life, that it was not his intent to
harm them, that he truly liked them and enjoyed being around them
and working with them. At the time of the assaults, there was a
build-up of personal problems and stress of working in D1. A great
deal of it had to do with the time of year, that is the Christmas
and New Year's period. The grievor stated that he does not
particularly enjoy the holiday season because he has no one to
share it with. The grievor is a 32 year old bachelor. He would
be going home to an empty apartment and consequently was drinking
heavily at the time. He testified that he drank every night and
quite often at work. He further stated that his co-workers were
aware of his consumption of alcohol at work. In his opinion, the
6
heavy drinking made him aggressive and caused his low tolerance.
He was working 12 hour shifts and volunteered to work Christmas Day
although he was in fact scheduled to be off work. He explained
that he considered Christmas to be a day for married people with
children. On Christmas day he took out the resident he was in
charge of and took him along with some other residents toboggoning
with a toboggan he had purchased for that resident.
Union Counsel asked the grievor if at'the time of the hearing
he was still drinking heavily, he replied that when he was
discharged he "went on the wagon" for about four months but
admitted he has since resumed drinking. He stated that he was
prepared to undergo therapy for his alcohol addiction and also for
his aggressiveness and inappropriate anger. He even stated that
he was prepared to take a position that was less than equivalent
to his former position. He expressed that he was sorry it had
happened that he had hurt residents and also thus hurt and let down
his' own family and friends. For the first Christmas in about five
years he did spend the past Christmas with his parents who live in
the Picton area.
In cross-examination, the grievor testified that he first'
began drinking heavily in 1986 when he moved to Orillia. In that
period, he was drinking on a daily basis "upwards of 12 to 15
bottles~of beer". In the Christmas 1988 period he began taking a
bottle of rye to work with him either 26 ounces or 40 ounces and
7
would consume on the 3ob 3/4 of a 26 ounce bottle or half of a 40
ounce bottle i.e. about 20 ounces. I note that this would
represent approximately a doubling of his alcohol consumption
assuming that one bottle of beer is equivalent to 1 1/2 ounces of
40% whisky.
The union called three character witnesses. Ken O'Brien is
an assistant Supervisor (Residential Counsellor 3). That is a
bargaining unit position. He began work at the Huronia Centre in
1970 and has 20 years service. (There was a break in his service.)
He is a member of the Royal Canadian Legion and sits on the Board
of Directors for Legion Minor Baseball (children ages 7-14). He
also iS on the Board of Directors for the City of Orillia for the
Canada-U.S. games, Orillia is twinned with Auburn, New York and
he is co-chairing the Parade Committee and is chairman of adult
sports.
O'Brien has known the grievor for between three and a half to
four years. They met originally playing baseball'.. Over the years
he and the grievor became friends. O'Brien testified that through
people he knows, the grievor is well respected and liked. The
grievor has done volunteer work for the Legion, such as selling
poppies, collecting money for the Salvation Army and has on
occasion helped coach the children's baseball'. He also testified
that he was aware of the grievor's heavy drinking. O'Brien has
also dealt with residents like those on D1. He felt that there is
a positive aspect when one can show progress with them. The
8
negative aspect of it is that it is very stressful. Over a period
of time one can become stressed out without being aware of it.
Wayne Murdock, is a Regional Counsellor 2. He has 13 years
of service and works in a unit that has five highly disturbed
residents (mentally handicapped). He also has known the grievor
for about five years and again got to know him through playing
baseball. He is a member of the Royal Canadian Legion and of the
Orlll~a Fish and Game Club. He is a co-chairman of the rifle range
of that club. He described the grievor as one of his closest
friends. He testified that the grievor's reputation On the
community is one of being well-liked; that he gets involved and
that he is respected and admired.
Dennis McMaster is a Residential Counsellor 2 at Prince
Edwards Heights at Picton and has been there for 13 years. He is
the secretary for the local baseball association and a member of
the local golf and country club. He met the grievor through some
friends who participate in sports around Picton. He 'and the
grievor become close friends. The grievor worked originally at
Prince ~dward Heights as a summer student but when McMaster first
met the grievor, the grievor was working selling cars. McMaster
encouraged him ~to consider entering the field of working with the
developmentally handicapped. McMaster testified that with respect
to his reputation in the Picton Community, the grievor was well
received. He was best known through the sports aspects. But it
9
is a small town and the grievor was known by almost everyone.
The Ministrysubmitted that the dismissal should be upheld and
that the Board should not substitute a lesser penalty. It drew the
Board's attention to a number of arbitration decisfons. In
Government of the Province of British Columbia and British Columbia
Employee's Union (1980), 26 L.A.C. (2d) 71 the British Columbia
Public Service Adjudication Board held that dismissal in the case
of abuse before it was not excessive or unreasonable. The reported
version of the Award does not set out the details of the specific
abuse-involved. Although described as a "serious incident of
patient abuse", there was no actual physical harm to the person of
the patient in that case. The grievor had a long career as a
psychiatric nurse and there was no previous disciplinary record.
Mr. Hope for the Board states at page 72:
"In ordinary circumstances one would anticipate an
obligation on the part of the employer to show a pattern of
conduct substantially beyond the incident proven as a basis
for discharge.
In the usual circumstances an arbitrator looks for
evidence of behaviour incompatible with a continuation of the
employer-employee relationship.
The incident proven against Mr. LaBreque is a serious
incident but it is not likely one that would sustain his
dismissal, particularly in view of his history of employment,
as an isolated incident if it were to have occurred in some
other category of employment.
But on the arbitral jurisprudence cited, patient abuse
is an offence that justifies immediate dismissal for persons
engaged in the occupation of health care ....... "
"Reasons that may justify the dismissal of an'employee
in one occupation may very well be seen as excessive when
relied on as grounds for discharge in another occupation.
The right of an arbitrator to review discipline does not
bestow upon him the Jurisprudence to fashion the standards
upon which discipline will be imposed."
He then went on to find that on the findings of fact
and the applicable arbitral jurisprudence, that the discharge of
the grievor in the circumstances was not unreasonable or excessive,
"particularly having regard to the standard with respect to patient
.abuse existing in the health care profession.
"Arbitrators have equated employment in the health care
profession as the equivalent of a position of public, trust
where a single lapse is deserving of discharge, in this
dispute the management employees who both fix and reflect the
standard have made me understand that patient abuse strikes
at the root of the rehabilitation programme.
It is not for me to 3udge whether their opinion is right
or wrong but only to determine whether their opinion
reasonably reflects a standard accepted by the profession
itself. I am satisfied that the standard prevails and that
discharge is the result that flows from a failure to maintain
the standard."
The above decision was followed by this Board in Chan and
Ministry of Health GSB 911/86. In that case the grievor was
employed as a PsyChiatric Nursing Assistant at the Queen Street
Mental Health Centre. The grievor had been guilty of sexual
misconduct with a female patient, ,The grievor had denied
committing ~the act. His previous employment record was in some
11
instances less than satisfactory. After referring to the British
Columbia Government case (supra) and Belleville General Hospital
and Service Employees International Union Local 183 (18 L.A.C. (3d)
161 (England)) and Re Province of Alberta and Alberta Union of
Provincial Employees 29 L.A.C. (2d) 109, Mr. Brandt concludes:
"These cases point clearly to the conclusion that conduct
of the kind engaged in by the grievor justify his dismissal.
Indeed, if anything, the facts of the instant case point even
more strongly to that conclusion. In the cases referred to,
none of the conduct was as serious as that engaged in by the
grievor. None involved sexual abuse. Rather they were
concerned generally with aggressive handling of patients, not
unlike that in which the grievor himself was involved in the
May 1980 incident.
More importantly, the conduct in those cases was
frequently "provoked" by the frustra%ions which derived from
having to deal with patients who were "difficult".. In that
regard boards have said that the "nature o£ the work demands
a capacity for patience and compassion..." (Re Province of
Alberta, supra). Thus, the kinds of factors as mitigating in
a different employment context, are not regarded as relevant
in the health care field.
In the instant case we have none of that. ' The grievor
was not responding to the trying conduct of a difficult
patient.. What he did was took advantage of her sexually
obsessive nature and engaged in an act of sexual abuse. These
factors cry out even more strongly than in the cases cited for
the ultimate disciplinary sanction of discharge."
In McGowan and Ministry of Community and Social Services
G.S.B.0888/85 this Board had to deal with a question of resident
abuse at the Huronia Regional Centre. McGownan was found to have
committed an assault on a resident on July 30, 1985 and had
previously used excessive force in dealing with that same resident
in the early summer.
12
At page 12, the vice-chair Mr. Draper states:
"An assault on a resident of a facility for the
developmentally handicapped bya member of the staff of that
facility with responsibility for the care of residents is
unacceptable by any measure. However, even though the Grievor
has demonstrated his unsuitability for his former position and
must be removed from it, we are not convinced that his
misconduct warrants his dismissal from the public service.'
Rather, we believe such a dismissal to be an excessive penalty
in the circumstances here.
The Grievor was faced with the situation suddenly and
unexpectedly. The punch appears to have been the result of
a momentary loss of self-control presumably provoked by seeing
R once again engaged in the incorrigible behaviour that
periodically disturbed the ward. One punch is one punch too
many but the fact that it was not repeated and that R was not
otherwise physically threatened or abused suggests to us that
the incident was not malicious or vindictive in character.
All this being said, the Grievor's misconduct can in no way
be condoned. It deserves and must receive a penalty
commensurate with its gravitY."
Then at page 13, the remedy:
"We consider, it just and reasonable in all the circumstances
and it is accordingly ordered that:
(1) The Grievor shall be deemed to have been suspended
without compensation but without loss of seniority from the
date of his removal from his former position to the date of
this decision; and
(2) The Employer shall appoint the Grievor to a position
which the parties are agreed is substantially equivalent to
the position from which he was removed, such appointment to
be effective from the date of this decision."
It is also instructive to note that before the Board, the
grievor in the McGowan case did not admit to committing the abuse.
Employer Counsel however argued that the assault in McGown was less
serious than those of the grievor in the subject case. The next
13
logical penalty in his view is dismissal.
Finally, the employer's Counsel referred the Board to the case
of United Steelworkers of America, Local 3257 and The Steel
Equipment Co. Ltd. ('1964) 14 LAC 356 which sets out 10 factors
which Judge Reville considered aDpropr±ate to consider in
determining whether a penalty should be mitigated. Needless to
say, twenty-four years of arbitratio~ experience has added many
pages of specifics to these issues. We examine these questions
further later in this decision.
The Union Counsel acknowledges the grav±ty of the grievor's
actions. She posed the~ssue as one whether the trust relationship
between the Employer and the g~ievor has been irrevocably breached.
She submitted that the onus to show that rests on the employer.
The union submitted that they were not premeditated acts but more
in the nature of crimes of passion. She further argued that the
three acts of abuse all occurred within the same time frame and
should therefore be considered as one incident. Other mitigating
factors are that the grievor suffered a long period of joblessness
as a result and has been the subject of adverse publicity.
The Union referred the Board to the decision in Johnston and
Ministry of Community and Social Services (GSB 7/78). This was a
decision written by then Chairman G.W. Adams. This predated
subsections 19(4) and (5) [Stats. Ont., 1978, c.79,s.1]. This.case
14
also involved resident abuse at the Huronia Regional Centre. The
grievor kicked a resident and then attempted a cover-up of the
abuse. It resulted in a conviction in a criminal court of common
assault.
At page 8, Mr. Adams writes:
"While a concern for the welfare of the patient is of the
utmost importance in cases of this kind, sight must not be
lost of the fact that this Ministry is also an employer and
its employees have a right to be dismissed for just and
sufficient cause and no less. The result is that the employer
and the Board are obliged to consider and accommodate the
interests of employees~ where this can be done without
impairment of the crucial interests of the patient. This also
means that the mere recitation of "the patient's interestS"
is, in itself, an insufficient 3ustification for the
termination of an employee. If an employer is of the opinion
that the patient's interests can only be accommodated by an
employee's dismissal, the employer is obligated to establish
this fact by direct evidence and Ms. Lovering's testimony was
quite~inadequate if this was its purpose
[page 10]
... Surely, at the very least, the employer is~obligated to
assess the extent of risk associated with an employee's
continued employment and in, appropriate circumstances, to
consider the viability of alternative placements on a
permanent or probationary basis as well as other intermediate
punitive measures. It is not a matter of one general interest
eclipsing another no matter what the situation. Rather it is
the delicate and painstaking analysis of what is the most
appropriate result having, regard to the particular situation
at issue."
Mr. Adams then highlighted certain elements in the case
before him: .the grievor had never engaged in patient abuse before
and it was likely to remain the only one, he did not intend to hurt
the patient and it was a case of "horseplay'~, the punishment
experienced by the grievor since the incident by way of criminal
15
conviction and lost work and salary, and their deterrent effect,
his confession, his economic hardship and lengthy seniority and the
absence of previous discipline.
The Board directed the grievor's reinstatement as a
residential counsellor without back pay and without the accrual of
seniority for the period of his absence, that his performance be
monitored for a year,and any further~problem "in the general area
will result in his termination."
The Union also referred the Board to its decision in Leering
and Ministry of Natural Resources (GSB 1105/84). This decision
involved an accusation against the Biologist grievor that while on
a camping trip with male youths in the Ministry's Junior Forest
Ranger program, he sexually assaulted two of the youths. Although
he was c6nvicted in criminal court only of common assault, Mr.
Verity for the b6ard found on the evidence before him that he did
sexually assault one of the youths. The sexual assault was not
'violent but was unsolicited and unwelcomed by the youth. The
grievor continued to deny that he committed the assaults but Mr.
Verity accepted the truthfulness of the testimony of one of the
complainants. The Ministry program in question did not of course
fall within the provisions of subsections 4 and 5 of section 19 but
Mr. Verity does point out at page 17:
"There can be no doubt that the Ministry of Natural
Resources Junior Ranger Program is a popular program of long-
standing which has benefitted countless youth, both male and
female throughout the years. It is essential that the
integrity of the program be maintained and that the public
retain confidence that the young participants will not. be
sub3ected to improper conduct. Indeed, the Ministry has an
onerous responsibility in the administration of that program
and a special trust to the Junior Forest Rangers, their
parents or guardians. In sum, the Ministry must act
decisively in instances of alleged improper conduct."
In determining what factors ought to be considered by the
Board, Mr. Verity stated:
"On the one hand, the Grievor's misconduct constituted
a Serious beach of his duty of fidelity to the Employer. The
Door judgment he displayed Casts doubt on his future trust-
worthiness. His actions undoubtedly posed a threat to the
viability of the Junior Rangers programme, which depends upon
a relationship of trust between the Ministry, the
participants, and their families.
On the other hand, we are satisfied that the Grievor's
misconduct constituted an isolated incident in an otherwise
unblemished career. We are satisfied that there was no
premeditation on the Grtevor's-part, an~ that he did not seek
out the opportunity for his misconduct. We are not persuaded
that at any time the grievor contemplated anything more than
actually happened. We accept that the incident was "out of
character" and that, especially in light of its results to
date, it is unlikely ever to be repeated.
There are other circumstances to be taken into account.
We are satisfied that supervision of or conduct with the
Junior Ranger is not a central part of the Grievor's
responsibilities as a field biologist. We are satisfied that
with the exception of this one incident, the grievor has
discharged his responsibilities to the Employer in a
satisfactory and professional manner. We are satisfied that
the Grievor's prospects of finding comparable employment in
his profession outside the public service are very limited,
so that the discharge would work a particular economic
hardship. We are satisfied that the Grievor has already paid
a heavy price for his misconduct. All of these factors tend
to mitigate against his dismissal."
17
With respect to the gr±evor's continued denials, Mr. Verity
gave him the benefit of the doubt to the extent that "we are
satisfied that.the Grievor sincerely believed his denial .... " In
offering reinstatement, Mr. Verity did not see any inconvenience
to the employer in keeping the Grievor from close and unsupervised
contact with adolescent males.
I find this case very instructive: While it is not a case of
patient abuse, it is in fact in terms of trust compatible and
comparable with that statutory archetype. And just as the Board
may not reinstate a subsection 19 (4) employee to a situation of
",contact with residents in a facility" so the Board in Leering
recognized that the Ministry of Natural Resources would not place
Leering back in a situation of contact with adolescent males. In
fact it was in reality treatedas if it were specifically a clause
19(4) (b) situation. In my view, it was clearly a very serious
situation - one involving a sexual assault on a minor under
conditions of trust for which the reputation and image of the
Ministry of Natural Resources were directly on the line. It is
also interesting to note that the Grievor could be restored to his
regular occupation without serious alteration to his normal
professional duties.
The case before us is without question a serious one. But in
my view the acts of Leering were, at least, if not more..serious in
their implications. And there is another major issue in our case
not present in LeerinG. The Grievor in our case on his own
'evidence which was uncontradicted was clearly sufferinG from the
effects of alcohol abuse. Furthermore, there is sufficient
evidence to suspect that there may even be some underlying
emotional or even psychological problem. The legislation prohibits
and in any event I would not consider the Grievor's restoration to
workinG with patients or residents as defined in subsection 19 (5).
The consequence of' this is that the Grievor's chosen professional
career is in ruins. This has enormous consequences and in fact
represents probably the most severe penalty that could conceivably
be imposed on the Grievor.
LookinG at other aspects of the Grievor's situation, I note
t~at he had had a clear record prior .to these sad events.
AlthouGh he had been classified staff only since 1986, he had
previously worked as uncla~sified staff for the same Ministry in
the same line of work for five years prior to that . I believe'
that is worthy of weight in considerinG his situation as he asks
for this Board to exercise its discretion. There was no testimony
or evidence against the Grievor in any other respect and his Good
reputation within the community was supported by those character
witnesses who testified on his behalf. Their testimony was not
chall'enGed. There was no evidence of any previous violence of any
kind. He did admit his wrongful acts. At the same time, I do not
intend to diminish the Grave nature of the acts themselves and I
did note that the Grievor is in fact a large man~
It is clear to me that the inclusion by the legislature in
1978 of subsections 19 (4) and (5) is important - not only as a
limit on this Board's discretion, but I must add of its recognition
that t~e employer has other positions available to which employees
can be assigned when they do transgress the highly important policy
against patient or resident abuse. That policy can not only thus
be protected but the employer's own obligations to its employees
as recognized in the arbitration 3urisprudence can be met without
violating or compromising that policy.
I come now to the issue of substance abuse in the work place.
The employer in response to a question from the chair informed the
Board that it does have an~Employee Assistance Program for these
employees.who have alcohol or drug abuse problems. This I wish to
add is to my knowledge a common situation with modern progressive
employers. Without attempting to resolve any complex issues about
whether alcoholism is a disease or a character defect, I am
satisfied that it is now standard employment policy to assist
emDloyees with such problems through appropriate programs. This
is not to suggest that the employee does not bear responsibility
for his own coping with his Droblem.
At the same time, I note that the evidence indicates that the
grievor's heavy drinking was known to the other employees including
his drinking on the ~ob. Yet there was no evidenc~ that at any
time the EAP was offered to the grievor or that any effort
20
was made by the employer to assist him. I do consider that an
.important factor when evaluating dismissal for acts in which
alcohol played a significant role. On the evidence before me, !
do not doubt that the grievor's sudden spasm of violence was
directly and significantly related to his excessive consumption of
alcohol and possibly to an underlying emotional or psychological
problem. An employer should make an effort to assist employees
When it is obvious that they have such problems. And if it
neglects to do so then that is in my view a legitimate factor for
an arbitrator to consider in evaluating whether the penalty is
excessive or unreasonable.
It is normal when evaluating the role of alcohol abuse to
consider whether the grievor can reasonably be expected to respond
to a treatment program. Unfortunately in our case, no such program
has yet been offered to him. He testified that he would
participate in such a program. He has not been so far able himself
to "stay on the wagon" although he did make an effort. It is not
~unusual to find that an alcoholic cannot do it on his own. That
is the reason for such programs as Alcoholics Anonymous, the
Renascent Houses and the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research
Foundation (ARF). If the grievor does not enter one of these
programs, I Sear his prospects will be very grim. Nor would I for
a moment consider restoring him to employment with the Ministry
without imposing evaluation under the Employee Assistance Program
and completion of one of the appropriate rehabilitation programs
such as Renascent House.
In the result, I am satisfied that the penalty of dismissal
was'excessive. Accordingly, I make the following order: the
grievor is to be restored to employment ~ith the Ministry but
within the limits imposed by subsection 19 (4). I do not require
him to take any other than a substantially equivalent position
since a permanent demotion is not generally considered an
appropriate'disciplinary penalty. At the same time, there will be
no monetary award, his lost time being considered as a suspension
and shall not count toward his accumulated seniority. The
restoration to employment is however conditional, upon the
following:-
1. He is first to attend on the Employee Assistant Program
for evaluation as to alcoholism.
2. He is also to be evaluated psychologically by an
appropriate professional of the Ministry's own choice.
If the result of such evaluation is that he requires any
treatment or on-going assistance for any emotional or
psychological problems he is to Comply with that
treatment or program.
3. He is to undertake an appropriate alcoholism
rehabilitation program through Renascent House or ARF or
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some other equivalent program which the EAP propose~ and
if he fails successfully to complete the program and any
prescribed follow-up, he is to be summarily dismissed.
4. If it is considered essential by such program as set out
in '(3) that he permanently abstain from alcohol
consumption then he is to comply with that requirement
as a condition of employment.
5. He will submit to such medical examinations as the
employer may from time to time reasonably require to
monitor and verify his freedom from alcohol abuse.
6.~ He is to join Alcoholics Anonymous or some equivalent
organization and regularly participate in its meetings,
and file proof of such regular participation with the
employer as frequently as it may reasonably require.
This requirement may be eliminated only by joint
agreement of the employer and the grievor.
7. The employer is not required at this point to find
employment for him in the geographical area of Orillia,
but if there should be any disagreement by the parties
on location the matter may be brought back before this
panel for further determination.
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Failure by the grievor to comply with these conditions will
be ~rounds for dismissal.
This Decision is to be implemented as quickly as possible and
in any event the grievor is to be back on salary within two weeks
of the issuance of this Decision. If there are any problems
encountered by the parties in the interpretation or implementation
of this Decision, these matters may be referred back to the panel
which remains seised of them.
DATED at Toronto this 24 day of May, 1990.
Thomas H. Wilson Vice-Chairperson
P. Klym, Member
A. Merritt, Member