HomeMy WebLinkAbout1989-1299.Wong.91-01-16 ONTARIO EMPLOYfi-'S DE LA COUF~ONNE
CROWN EMPLOYEES DE L'ONTARIO
GRIEVANCE C,OMMISSlON DE.
SETTLEMENT REGLEMENT " "*"
BOARD DES GRIEFS
180 DUNDAS STREET WEST, SUITE 2100, TORONTO, ONTARKk MSG ?28 TElEPHONE/TELEPHONE: I416) 326-
1299/89
I~ ~E ~TTER 0F ~ A~IT~TION
Under
THE CROWN EMPLOYEES COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ACT
Before
THE GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT BOARD
BETWEEN
OPSEU (Wong)
Grievor
- and -
The Crown in Right of Ontario
(Ministry of the Attorney General)
'- Employer
BEFORE: G. Simmons Vice-Chairperson
J. Carruthers Member
H..Roberts Member
FOR THE C. Dassios
GRIEVOR Counsel
Gowling, Strathy & Henderson
Barristers & Solicitors
FOR THE D. Costen
EMPLOYER Counsel
Human Resources Secretariat
Management Board of Cabinet
HEARING: June 26, 1990
August 24, 1990
September 12, 1990
2
The grievance, dated October 3, 1989, states:
I grieve that I have been denied payment of
LTIP AND OTHER BENEFITS pursuant to the
Collective Agreement and for continued
harassment in regard to bad faith policy and
discrimination.
The grievance goes on to state that the settlement desired is:
I request that I be paid all LTIP AND OTHER
BENEFITS RETROACTIVE to the first day due, and
further I be reinbursed [sic] for all expenses
incurred as a result of the denial of these
benefits which has been an act of inhumanity
causing me and my family extreme mental
anguish, pain, suffering and financial
nightmare suffered by us.
The grievor is classified as an "OAG-6" and holds the position
title of "Word Processor". She was first employed on January 3,
1984, at the Ontario Municipal Board which was under the aegis of
the Ministry of the Attorney General.
At the commencement of these proceedings the Employer raised
two concerns in the form of preliminary matters. The first concern
dealt with procedure. It was counsel's position that two letters
written by physicians concerning the grievor's state of health had
been received by the Union after the Joint Insurance .Benefits
Review Committee had reviewed the matter. The Committee has a role
to play in these matters pursuant to Article 27.9 and Appendices
5 and 6 in the Collective Agreement. The Union wanted this Board
to take the letters into consideration in its deliberations.
The second concern was substantive rather than procedural.
It was the Employer's position that the responsibility of the
3
Employer ceases when it engages an Insurance Carrier to provide the.
benefits as stipulated in the Collective Agreement. In other
words, the Employer's responsibility is to engage an Insurance
Carrier who is responsible to pay the benefits and the Employer's
responsibility ceases when it has engaged an Insurance Carrier and
has p~id the requisite premiums for the coverage of such benefits.
We will now turn to the Employer's first concern over the two
letters that were received by the Union after the insurance company
and the Joint Insurance Benefits Review Committee had denied her
claim. The Committee's decision to affirm that of the Insurance
Carrier was reached on September 25, 1989.
The first letter is dated October 16, 1989, and was written
by Dr. Lalani, a psychiatrist, ~nd the second one is dated June 4,
1990, and was written by Dr. Brooks the grievor's family physician
at the time. When the Board convened this hearing on June 26,
1990, it was requested by the Employer and agreed to.by the Union
that the two letters which had not previously been submitted to the'.'
Review Committee be done so before proceeding further. The
argument was that the Review Committee had not had an opportunity
to see the comments contained in the letters and to refuse them the
opportunity to do so would not. be complying fully with the terms
of the Coilective Agreement. The Board was informed that the
Review Committee was meeting on June 26, the same day as the
hearing, and would consider the comments contained in those
letters. The hearing thereupon' adjourned and reconvened on
4
August 24, 1990. Dr. Latani's letter of October 16, 1989, was in
response to the Union. It reads:
This is to acknowledge your letter of September
21, 1989 regarding Mrs. Lena Wong in which the
issues of Mrs. Wong's psychiatric status and
her fitness to return to work were raised.
Based on my overall assessment so far of Mrs.
Lena Wong's psychiatric status I would like to
state that in my opinion Mrs. Wong has not been
well enough to have returned to work ever since
February of this year and probably also for
several weeks prior to that. Her psychiatric
assessment has showed evidence of a major
depressive disorder with panic attacks. As
stated in my earlier letter to you, not having
seen Mrs. Wong prior to February of 1989 it was
rather difficult for me to state unequivocally
as to her fitness to return to work prior to
that time. All I could say is that for a few
weeks preceding my assessment in February of
1989 she was probably not well enough to go to
work. As you have stated in your note she had
a p~ychiatric assessment done in October of
1988 so it would be quite appropriate to get
the opinion of the psychiatrist who saw her at
that time as regards her fitness to return to
work at that time.
As regards your second question, namely if it
was fair to say that her illness had prevented
Mrs. Wong from seeking ongoing medical
treatment, I am not quite certain if I
understand that question. I presume you are
referring to her mental status in October of
1988 and wondering whether that it prevented
her from going back to see Dr. E.W. Brown whom
she had seen for a psychiatric assessment. My
opinion regarding that based on what I have
observed of her mental status so far is that
it is most unlikely that her psychiatric status
had prevented her from going back to see the
therapist whom she has seen earlier. If I have
in any way misunderstood the question, please
let me know so that a correction can be made
to the answer.
I have seen her on a few occasions since July
and while she has showed some symptomatic
improvement to treatment she has not ~been
tolerant of side effects of various
antidepressant drugs which have been tried.
It was therefore suggested to her that she
should consider a period of hospitalization so
that her drug therapy and its side effects
could be monitored more closely. However, she
has been reluctant to accept that suggestion.
When I saw her on October 12, 1989 she informed
me that she had decided to go to Pakistan for
a few weeks as she thought that this would be
of benefit to her in helping her to recuperate
mentally. In light of her having experienced
side effects to antidepressant therapy I
thought it was inappropriate to continue her
treatment if she was going to be away for a
significant length of time. At this point,
therefore, she has not showed adequate response
to treatment and at the same time she is rather
reluctant to consider inpatient treatment. As
you will appreciate, it is difficult for me at
this time to make a valid prognostic statement
as to when she will be able to return to work.
I hope this information is of some ben'fit.
The reference to a psychiatric assessment in October, 1988,
in the second paragraph of the letter was carried out by Dr. Brown.
The grievor stated'that Dr. Brown had asked her questions about her
childhood when she was three and four years of age and not about
her current situation. She found Dr. Brown to be abrupt and rude
and did not visit him again.
In the final paragraph, ,Dr. Lalani states that he recommended
a period of hospitalization which she refused. She informed the
Board that she was reluctant to be hospitalized because she was
afraid that shock treatments would be prescribed. She also stated
that her family had advised her against being hospitalized.
Instead of following Dr..Lalani's advice she opted instead to. visit
Pakistan for a while.
6
The grievor is no longer Dr. Lalani's patient and, as stated
in Dr. Brooks' letter of June 4, which follows, she is looking for
a new psychiatrist.
As will be seen later in this decision, Dr. Wong was the
grievor's family physician until mid-1989 when he informed the
grievor that he was no longer willing to continue as her physician.
Dr. Brooks apparently assumed that role. It was he who wrote the
letter of June 4, 1990. It reads:
In response to your letter of April 5,
1990, I hope the following will be helpful.
The above noted patient was previously a
patient of Dr. Frank Wong and has been with
both me and Dr. Ravat in Dr. Ravat's practice
since November 22, 1988. During that time she
has been seen approximately twenty times.
Numerous of these visits have revolved around
the hysterectomy she had in April of 1989 and
the subsequent diarrhoea that developed. This
has since resolved.
Over the last year complaints have
included - numbness in the left side of the
face, abdominal pains, disturbed sleep,
exhaustion, flatulence, dyspepsia, feelings of
stress, anxiety and depression, headaches,
giddy spells, fear of going out of the house,
and tingling at the top of the head.
On'August 10th of 1989, Mrs. Wong was seen
by Dr. S. ~Lalani, psychiatrist, regarding some
of the problems noted'above. He diagnosed a
depressive syndrome, most likely a major
depressive disorder of chronic duration, as
well as panic attacks. He prescribed some
medication which the patient was unable to
tolerate due to side effects; and then advised
a period of hospitalization which the patient
refused. Since that time various
investigations have been carried out which have
all been unremarkable, including syphilis test,
thyroid function studies, blood and sugar
screens, kidney function tests, cholesterol,
a breast x-ray, and an abdominal ultrasound,
and a cardiogram.
Mrs. Wong feels that the above noted
problems are a direct result of her
mistreatment at work, and are now exacerbated
by her difficult financial situation. She
feels she is not crazy and that if she were
vindicated for her actions at work, including
financial consideration, that this would go a
long way to getting her feeling better again
and able to rejoin the work force. She also
feels that no doctor or any standard medical
treatment either physical or psychiatric will
make her feel better as long as the basic cause
for her problems stems from the work situation
and the subsequent financial embarassment
(sic).
It is my opinion that she suffers from a
tendency towards depression,.is sensitive to
stress, and has a panic disorder; and as well
there may be some elements of a personality
disorder. Being passed over for promotion at
work and t~e events that ensued resulted in an
exacerbation or a triggering of symptoms and
behaviours associated with depression, panic
disorder and personality disorder, and were in
fact made more intense because of this.
Mrs. Wong is presently not doing well and
is in ~no condition to return to any sort of
employment at this time. Treatment has been
started for her panic disorder and has shown
some signs of being helpful. This will be
persued (sic) further when the patient sees a
new psychiatrist in the near future. It would
also be my opinion that an amicable and
equitable settlement of the work dispute would
go a long way towards helping Mrs. Wong back
to'better health and allowing her to return to
the work force.
If I can be of further help, please let
me know.
8
When the Board reconvened on August 24, 1990, it was informed
that the Review Committee had not been persuaded by the additional
information contained in Dr$. Lalani and Brooks letters and
confirmed its decision that the grievor was not entitled to long
term income protection benefits.
Regardless of the Review Committee's decision the first
concern of the Employer has been satisfied. That is, the
Review Committee had an opportunity to review the October 16, 1989,
and June 4, 1990, letters and arrive at a decision based cn the
additional medical information that had been made available.
Before proceeding to the Employer's second area of concern
this might be an appropriate place to set forth 'the relevant
portions of the Collective Agreement. They read:
INSURED BENEFITS GRIEVANCE
27.9.1 Where an employee has a complaint that he has
been denied benefits pursuant to the insured
benefits plans specified in Articles 40, 41,
42, 44 and 57, he shall first discuss the
complaint with his supervisor within twenty
(20) days of first becoming aware of the
complaint.
27.9.2 (a) If the complaint is not satisfactorily
resolved by the supervisor within seven
(7) days of the discussion, the employee
may refer the complaint, in writing, to
the Joint Insurance Benefits Review
Committee established in Appendix 5 and
addressed to the Benefits Policy Branch,
Human Resources Secretariat, within an
additional ten (10) days.
(b) Any referral to the Joint Insurance
Benefits Review Committee under 27.9.2(a)
shall include a release of information
form (Appendix 6) completed, signed and
dated by the employee.
(b) Effective January 1, 1986, the L.T.I.P.
benefit under 42.2.1(a) will be increased
for each employee who commenced to
received ~L.T.I.P. benefits:
(i) from and including January 1, 1975, to
and including December 31, 1976, by
$125 per month;
(ii) from and including January 1, 1977, to
and including December 31, 1978, by $85
per month;
(iii) from and including January 1, 1979, to
and including December 31, 1980, by $60
per month;
(iv) from and including January 1, 1981, to
and including December 31, 1982, by $25
per month; in respect of each month the
employee continues to receive L.T.I.P.
benefits under the plan.
42.2.2 The Long Term Income Protection benefit to "
which an employee is-entitled under 42.2.1
shall be reduced by the total of other
disability or retirement benefits p'ayable under
any other plan toward which the Employer makes
a contribution except for Workers' Compensation
benefits paid for an unrelated disability, and
such benefits are payable until recovery, death
or the end of the month in which the employee
reaches age 65.
42.2.3 Long Term Income Protection benefits commence ~
after a qualification period of six (6) months
from the date the employee becomes totally ..
disabled, unless the employee elects to
continue to use accumulated attendance credits
on a day-to-day basis after the six (6) month
period.
42.2.4 Total disability means the continuous inability
as the result of illness, mental disorder, or
injury of the insured employee to Perform any
and every duty of his normal occupation during
the qualification period, and during the first
twenty-four (24) months of benefit period; and
thereafter during the balance of the benefit
period, the inability of the employee to
perform any and every duty of any gainful
occupation for which he is reasonably fitted
by education, training or experience.
(c) The Joint Insurance Benefits Review
Committee shall consider the complaint and
the Benefits Policy Branch shall give the
employee its decision in writing within
sixty (60) days of the committee meeting
at which the complaint is discussed.
27.9.3 (a) If the complaint is not satisfactorily
resolved under 27.9.2, the employee may
file a grievance in writing with the
Director, Staff Relations Branch or his
designee within seven (7) days of the date
he received the decision under 27.9.2(c).
In the event that no decision in writing
is received in accordance with the
specified time limits in 27.9.2(c), the
grievor may submit the grievance to the
Director, Staff Relations Branch within
seven (7) days of the date that tke
Benefits Policy Branch was required to
give its decision in writing in accordance
with 27.9.2(c).
(b) A submission of the grievance to the
Director, Staff Relations Branch or his
designee under this section shall be
considered to be the second stage of the
..... grievance procedure for the purpose of
this Article.
Articles 40 and 41 are not pertinent to the issue before us.
However, Article 42 is pertinent and reads as follows:
Article 42 - Long Term Income Protection
42.1 The Employer shall pay· eight~-five percent
(85%) of the monthly premium of the Long Term
Income Protection Plan.
42.2.1 (a) The Long Term Income Protection benefit
is sixty-six and two-thirds percent
(66-2/3%) of the employee's gross salary
at the date of disability, including any
retroactive salary adjustment to which
the employee is entitled.
42.3 The Employer will continue to make pension
contributions and premium payments for
O.H.I.P., the Dental Plan and for Supplementary
Health and Hospital on behalf of the employee,
at.no cost to the employee, while the employee
receives or is qualified to receive L.T.I.P.
benefits under the plan, unless the employee
is supplementing a W.C.B. award.
42.4 A record of employment, if r~quired in order
to claim Unemployment Insurance sickness and
disability benefits, will be granted to an
employee and this document shall not be
considered as termination of employment.
42.5 Long Term Income Protection coverage will
terminate at the end of the calendar month in
which an employee ceases to be a civil servant.
If the employee is totally disabled on the date
his insurance terminates, he shall continue to
be insured for that disability.
42.6 If, within three (3) months after benefits from
the L.T.I.P. plan have ceased, an employee has
a recurrence of a disability due to the same
or a related cause, the L.T.I.P. behefit
approved for the original disability will be
reinstated immediately.
42.7 If an employee who is in receipt of L.T.I.P.
benefits is resuming employment on a gradual.
basis during recovery, partial benefits shall
be continued during rehabilitative employment.
"Rehabilitative employment" means remunerative
employment while not yet fully recovered,
following directly after the period of total
disability for which benefits were received.
When considering rehabilitative employment
benefits, L.T.I.P. will take into account the
employee's training, education and experience.
The rehabilitative benefit will be the monthly
L.T.I.P. benefit less fifty percent (50%) of
rehabilitative employment earnings. The
benefit will continue during the rehabilitative
employment period up to but not more than
tWenty-four (24) months. Rehabilitative
employment may be with the Employer or with
another employer.
42.8 The L.T.I.P. benefits under rehabilitative
employment shall be reduced when an employee's
total earnings exceed one hundred percent
(100%) of his earnings as at the date of
commencement of total disability.
42.9 Employees while on rehabilitative employment
with the Ontario Government will earn vacation
credits as set out in Article 47 (Vacations
and Vacation Credits).
42.10 (a) When an employee who has been receiving
or' was eligible to receive L.T.I.P.
benefits is able to return to full-time
employment, the provisions of Article 24
(Job Security), with the exception of
section 24.3, shall apply.
(b) An employee who is assigned, under this
section, to a vacancy in accordance with
sub-sections 24.2.1, 24.2.2, 24.2.3 or
24.2.4 of Article 24 shall, for a period
of six (6) months, be paid at the same
step he had attained in the salary range
of the classification of the position he
occupied prior to disability. At the end
of that period he shall be paid at a rate
within the salary range of the
classification of the position to which
he has been assigned.
Article 46 is also relevant and reads as follows:
Article 46 - Joint Insurance Benefits Review Committee
46.1 The parties agree to continue the Joint
Insurance Benefits Review Committee. The terms
of reference are set out .in Appendix 5
attached.
Appendix 5 - Joint Insurance Benefits Review Committee
1. Name of Committee
The Committee Shall be referred to as the Joint
Insurance Benefits Review Committee.
13
2. Purpose of Committee
The purpose of this 'Committee is to facilitate
communications between the Employer and the OPSEU
on the subject of Group Insurance, including Basic
Life Insurance, Supplementary Life Insurance,
Extended Health Insurance, Long Term Income
Protection Insurance, .and such other negotiated
benefits as may, from time to time, be included in
the Group Insurance Plan.
It is understood that the Group Insurance benefits
to be provided to employees and the cost sharing
arrangements between the Employer and its employees
shall be as set out in any applicable collective
agreement or arbitration award, and the matters for
consideration by this Committee shall be only as
set out in these terms of reference.
3. Composition of Committee
The Committee shall be composed of an equal number
of representatives from the Employer and from the
OPSEU, with not more than'eight (8) representatives
~' in total. At meetings of the Committee, each party
may be accompanied by an Actuary to provide
technical advice and counsel.
4. Duties of Committee
The duties of the Committee shall consist of the
following:
(i) Development of the spacifications for the public
tendering of any negotiated benefits which may be
included in the Group Insurance Plan (to cover the
bargaining unit only);
(ii) Determination of the manner in which the
specifications will be made available for public
tendering;
(iii) Consideration and examination of all tenders
submitted in response to the specifications for
tender and preparation of a report thereon;
(iv) Recommendation to the Government of Ontario on the
selection of the Insurance Carrier or carriers to
underwrite the Group Insurance Plans;
(v) Review of the semi-annual financial reports on the
Group Insurance Plan; and
(vi) Review of contentious claims and recommendations
thereon, when such claim problems have not been
resolved through the existing administrative
procedures.
®
The specifications for tender will describe the benefits
to be provided, the cost sharing arrangement between the
Employer and its employees, the past financial history
of the insurance plans, the employee data, the format for
the retention illustration for each coverage and the
financial reporting requirements. Tenders shall be
entertained by the Committee from any individual
Insurance Carrier acting solely on its own behalf. This
shall not preclude such carrier from arranging
reinsurance as may be necessary.
The basis for recommendation of an Insurance Carrier(s)
will include the ability of the carrier(s) to underwrite
the plan, compliance of the carrier's quotation with the
specifications for tender, the carrier's service
capabilities and the expected long term net cost of the
benefits to be provided.
5. Experience Review
The Committee will also meet every six (6) months to
revieV the financial experience under these coverages. ·
The specifications for tender will describe the
information to be included in the semi-annual financial
statements to be prepared by the Insurance Carrier(s).
These statements will include paid premiums, paid claims,
changes in reserve requirements for open and for
unreported claims, incurred claims, the retention
elements of commissions, takes, administrative expenses,
contingency reserve charges and interest credits on claim
and other reserves. The Insurance Carrier(s) will also
be required to report on the level and method of
administering the Employer's and employees' deposit
accounts.
The Committee shall request the Insurance Carrier(s) to
provide such additional information for the Committee's
consideration as may be required by either the Employer
or the OPSEU.
If the Joint Insurance Benefits Review Committee fails
to agree on a recommendation to the Government of Ontario
on the selection of the Insurance Carrier(s) to
underwrite the group insurance plan, the members of the
said Committee nominated by the Employer and the OPSEU
may each make a recommendation in writing to the
Government of Ontario on the selection of the Insurance
Carrier(s) supported by reasons for their respective
recommendations.
It is understood that the Government at all times retains
the right to select whatever~carrier(s) (to underwrite
the Group Insurance Plan) it may consider would best
serve the "public interest" and, in so doing, is under
no obligation to select a carrier(s) that may be
recommended by the Joint Insurance Benefits Review
Committee.
Appendix 6
Article 27 - Grievance Procedure - Release of Information
Insured Benefits Grievance
To
(Name of Insurance Carrier for benefit claimed)
THIS SHALL BE YOUR AUTHORITY to deliver immediately to
the Employer, in care of the Staff Relations Branch of
the Human Resources Secretariat of the Province of
Ontario, a copy of each and every medical report prepared
by or under the authority of a medical practitioner, and
a copy of each and every document or other paper prepared
by any person, ih your possession in connection with my
claim dated , for
(specify benefit claimed)
during my employment with the Ontario Public Service.
Date Employee Signature
The Employer's second area .of concern, Dursued as a
preliminary objection, was that ils responsibility ceased when it
engaged an Insurance Carrier to provide the benefits stipulated in
the Collective Agreement. Counsel argued that the matter was
therefore inarbitrab!e and relied on OPSEU (Mrs. Jane M. Hooev) and
the Crown in Riqht of Ontario (Ministrv of Health), 348/81,
Weatherill Chairman in support of its position. The,Board in Hooe~
concluded that the Employer's responsibility ceased when it had put
16
in place an insurance scheme to provide benefits. On pages 7 and
8 of that award, the Board states:
In our view, the employer's objection is
well-founded. The employer's obligation under
the collective agreement is to arrange for a
policy of long term income protection insurance
meeting certain criteria, and to pay eighty-
five per cent of the premium thereof. Such a
policy has been arranged and as we have noted
it appears to provide the benefits which the-
collective agreement requires be provided in
such a policy. The employer has paid its share
of the premiums for such insurance. That being
the case, the employer has met its obligations
under the collective agreement in respect of
this benefit. The benefit, that is, is
insurance. The employer is not the insurer,
and is not itself responsible for the provision
of the benefits - although it might well be so
responsible if, for example, it had failed to
meet its obligations by not providing the
insurance.
It was argued for the union that the
collective agreement incorporates the policy
of insurance, to the extent at least of making
claims for benefits under the policy claims
which could be the subject of grievance. We
are unable to accept this argument. Certainly
the collective agreement refers to "the Long
Term Income Protection Plan" It contemplates
the existence of such a plan, it implicitly
requires the employer to provide or to continue
to provide such a plan, and it expressly
requires paYment of a portion of the premiums.
It is natural that there be reference to the
insurance with respect to which such
obligations arise. Tha~ does not mean,
however, that such reference "incorporates" the
plan in the collective agreement, in the sense
that it somehow makes the proviSions of the
policy itself terms of the collective agreement
and obligations of the employer. The
collective agreement requires that a policy of
insurance be provided. It is not itself a
policy of insurance.
In the instant case the employer has
provided an appropriate policy of insurance.
The grievor's claim.for payment of benefits
under that policy is not a claim arising under
the collective agreement, but is rather one
under the policy. It is the_ insurer's
obligation to pay proper claims,' '-and that
obligation will be enforceable at law ....
The Board in the Hooey case decided that the matter was one between
the Insurance Carrier and the grievor and it was not a matter
between the Employer and the grievor and the obligation of the
Employer was to provide an insurance plan and it was the obligation
of the insurance company to provide the benefits.
In the Collective Agreement before the Weatherill Board there
was in Article 45 the provision for the continuance of a Joint
Insurance Benefits Review Committee. Mr. Weatherill stated on
page 6:
The Joint Insurance Benefits Review Commitee's
(sic) role is to "facilitate communications",
and to make recommendations with respect to
insurance coverage. It cannot, however, affect
the obligations entered into from time to time
as between the parties and embodied in the · -
collective agreement.
The Collective Agreement that was negotiated in 1982 contained
provisions in Article 27.9, supra, concerning certain terms for the
Joint Review Benefits Committee for the first time. A further
grievance involving this issue came forward entitled OPSEU ~Jagjit
Sekhon) and The Crown in Right of Ontario ~Ministrv of Health),
418/83, Mr. E.B. Jolliffe, Q.C., Vice Chairman. Mr. Jolliffe began
his decision with the following words:
®
This is another case in which the result
becomes inevitable in light of the Divisional
court judgment in Hooey 348/81, delivered on
May 18, 1984. On an application by the Union
for judicial review, the Court unanimously
affirmed this Board's decision, authored by
Chairman Weatheril~, in which it was held that
the grievor's claim for long term income
protection benefits could not succeed aginst
(sic) the employer, although the insurer's
obligation to pay proper claims would be
enforceable at law.
The Jolliffe Board followed the Weatherill Board stating that if
ske kas a claim for benefits it can be pursued against the insurer
and not the Employer. The Board, therefore, dismissed the
grievance.
The Sekhon decision was appealed to the Divisional Court and
the decision was released on September 9, 1986, wherein the Court
unanimously concluded that the Board erred in finding that it did
not have jurisdiction to hear the grievor because of the new
Article 27.9.1 that had been negotiated into the 1982 Collective
Agreement. The Court stated that the Board had jurisdiction
pursuant to the Collective Agreement to ~hear the grievance and
quashed the decision remitting the grievance to a new panel of Lthe
Grievance Settlement Board for determination.
The matter then came before a panel of the Board chaired by
Ms. M.K. Saltman who issued an interim decision on March 15, 1990,
stating that it was her view that the Board had jurisdiction to
review the matter. On pages 10 and 11 she comments:
In our view, there can be no doubt as to
the Board's jurisdiction in this matter.
Article 27.9.1, which was introduced in the
1982-83' collective agreement, provides an
employee who has a complaint respecting the
denial of benefits pursuant to the insured
benefits plans, including the long-term income
protection plan, with access to the grievance
and arbitration procedure to have that
complaint resolved. There than follows a
detailed procedure for the resolution of these
grievances, up to and including arbitration
before the Grievance Settlement Board. In our
view, although there are procedural aspects to
the amendments to Article 27, by expressly
providing that complaints respecting the denial
of insured benefits can be referred to
arbitration, the parties have created
substantive rights., which can be pursued up to
and including arbitration.
We are reinforced in our view by the
provisions of Article 27.1, which allows for
grievances relating to the obligation- to
arrange for a policy of insurance in accordance
w~th the requirements of the collective
agreement and with the payment of the
appropriate premiums thereunder. Were Article
27.9 intended to cover the same matters, there
would be no purpose to the amendment. It seems
clear, therefore, that Article 27.9 allows for
grievances to be brought respecting the denial
of long-term income protection benefits. The
Board is, therefore, of the view that this
matter, which deals with the termination of
long-term income protection benefits, is
arbitrable.
Therefore, in light of the particular
circumstances of. this case, the Board finds
that the grievance is arbitrable and remains
seised to deal with the grievance on its
merits.
We are informed that the matter before Ms. Saltman is
scheduled to be~heard on its merits in December, 1990. There is
one further decision of the Board entitled OPSEU .~Ross) and The
Crown in. Right of Ontario ~Ministry of HousingS, 1059/88 that went
20
before a' panel chaired by Mr. P.M. Epstein. That decision,
approximately one and one-third pages in length, upheld the
preliminary objection of the Employer stating that the Hooey
decision was applicable, without making any reference to Sekhon.
Whether or not Mr. Epstein was made aware of the Divisional Court
decision in Sekhon is unknown, but the limited reasoning contained
in Ross is of little or no assistance to this Board.
Counsel for the Employer argued that notwithstanding the
Saltman decision the situation remained as it was when Hooey was
decided. That is, the amendment to the Collective Agreement in
1982 did not alter the fact that the Employer's responsibility
remains unchanged. Counsel argued that the Employe~ is not an
insurer, it is rather, only obligated to arrange insurance and pay
the requisite premiums. Counsel sought to have the grievance
dismissed as being inarbitrable.
In view of the decision of the Divisional Court in Sekhon this
Board entertains no doubt that it possesses the jurisdiction to
review and inquire into the grievance on its merits. The issue of
whether the Employer is liable to pay the benefits need only be
addressed if the grievor succeeds in her~claim that benefits are
~payable. We now turn to inquire into the grievance on its merits.
Mrs. Wong emigrated to Canada from Pakistan in 1964. She was
employed in Montreal at Canadian Marconi as a secretary in the
Marketing Department for sixteen years. In 1980 she went through
a divorce at which time she moved to Toronto. As a result of the
divorce, she became extremely depressed whereupon she sought
21
.medical treatment, and was unable to work for approximately eight~
months. Then, she performed temporary work until 1984 when on
January 3 she became employed with the Ontario Municipal Board as
a typist and then eventually as a word processor.
The grievor's medical problems first arose in late 1987. On
December 21, 1987, Mrs. Wong visited Dr. Anderson, a physician
whose office was located in the building in which she worked, who
diagnosed her as suffering from anaemia and stated that she would
be unable to work for more than her regular hours for approximately
two months (Exhibit 2, Tab 1).
At the time of her visit to Dr. Anderson, she informed kim.
that she had filed a grievance because she had been denied a job
promotion that she had sought. She further informed him that she
was being harassed as a consequence of filing her grievance. By
mid-January, 1988, she was explaining to her supervisor, Mrs. Alty,
Assistant to the Board's Secretary~ that she was. suffering
dizziness and had a low blood count and blood pressure due to her
anaemia and was advised by her physician that she was unable to
work overtime. Mrs. Wong advised the board that she was instructed
by Mrs. ~lty to obtain a doctor's certificate which She obtained
from Dr. Anderson (Exhibit 2,~ Tab 2), and informed the Board that
she had not been feeling well enough to work during this period,
but she continued to work nonetheless because she "needed my job".
According to Mrs. Wong, Mrs. Alty kept insisting that she
perform overtime work because it was a requirement of the
Collective Agreement. She informed the Board that her anxiety and
22
depression was increasing and that her work was being closely
monitored and checked resulting in mistakes appearing periodically
with her work being returned to her. She then began re-reading her
letters four or five times to ensure that they were error free.
She did, however, admit that many times she did not see the errors
that were brought to her attention subsequently. She became more
depressed as time went on and concluded that she could not continue
in her job but stated that she needed it. She also testified that
at about this time the girls in the office were saying, "What is
the wicked witch of the west going to do today?" Shortly
thereafter she reached the point where she couldn't concentrate on
her job anymore. She stated that her nerves and anxiety were
increasing and she began experiencing severe pains in her neck,
arm, and chest. Moreover, she was not sleeping well. She soon
arrived at the point Where she was concerned that she was going to
have a stroke.
Mrs. Cindy Alty, Assistant Board Secretary and Manager of
Administration for the Board, confirmed that the grievor had filed
a grievance as stated above and that the parties agreed to settle
the grievance on the basis that the grievor would be transferred
to the Provincial Court in Mississauga for a period of between
three to six months. According to Mrs. Alty, the grievor had
indicated a preference to work closer to her home and this transfer
accomplished that desire. Mrs. Alty further stated that she was
of the view that there was no guarantee that the grievor would
23
return to the Ontario Municipal Board because it was possible that
a permanent position with the Provincial Court would follow.
Mrs. Wong commenced her employment at the Provincial Court in
Mississauga on February 1, 1988. She stated that she had no idea
how the court system oDerated, but was informed that she would be
trained. She began putting traffic tickets on computer but at
times she was performing duties at the cash register. She informed
the Board that she did not like the work at the Provincial Court
and left there on April 8, 1988. She is uncertain as to when she
returned to the Ontario Municipal Board, but records reveal that
she returned on August 8, 1988.
On May 31, 1988, wh~le absent from.work between April 8 and
August 8, she visited Dr. Wong, her physician, who issued a
certificate that reads, "This is to certify that Mrs. Lena'Wong has~
been suffering from anxiety and insomnia and she is not able to
work for about two months. Sincerely yours," (Exhibit 2, Tab 3).
When she returned to work on August 8,- 1988, she discovered
that her "nice window desk" had been assigned to a Ms. Judith Tait.
When she approached Mrs. Alty about this matter, she said that her
supervisor informed her that it was her discretion to assign
employees to certain desks. According to Mrs. Alty, Ms. Tait had
been on short-term disability for 130 days. She was allergic to
cigarette smoke so was moved by Mrs. Alty to the grievor's desk
which was a further distance away from the smoke area.
Mrs. Wong testified that she had hoped that the period of time
that had elapsed during her absence from the Ontario Municipal
24
Board would have changed things but when she saw that her desk'had
been assigned to someone else, she became very upset and, according
to her, concluded that nothing had changed while she had been off
work. She further stated that her anxiety had not disappeared and
that she was just pushing herself to go to work as she needed the
job and she was hoping things would get better. She also thought
that her relationship with Mrs. Alty would have improved but she
"couldn't reach her". Once again, she informed Mrs. Alty that she
would be unable to perform overtime work and on August 17, she
produced a medical certificate from Dr. D.H. Brooks, Dr. Wong's
replacement while Dr. Wong was on vacation, which reads, "...[word
undecipherable] hedical problem~ it would be best that this lady
not do overtime work at present."
It is apparent that Mrs. Alty was not prepared to accept the
grievor's explanation that she could not perform overtime work
because on August 17 a hand delivered letter was given to Mrs. Wong
stating that she would be required to make up one hour and forty-
five minutes time within the next five working days because of the
time that she had taken to visit her family doctor for a
certificate to exempt her from working overtime. Mrs. Alty
required verification of her appointment with her family doctor and
verification of an appointment with her eye doctor (Exhibit 2,
Tab 5).
On AugUst 29, Mrs. Wong again visited her family physician
which resulted in the following certificate: "This patient feels
she is unable to work for health reasons on August 29, 30 and 31,
25
and has been seen here re her health problems" (Exhibit 2, Tab 7).
The evidence reveals that she went off work on August 26, 1988, and
has not returned since that date. It was at approximately this
point in time when Dr. Wong advised her. to change jobs saying, "you
can,t fight the government". She stated thaw she had lost her
ability to concentrate and she had lost 'her will to work, and had
a low esteem of herself.
Application for long-term income protection benefits was made
in November, 1988 (Exhibit 3) and on January 26, 1989, she applied
for unemployment insurance benefits (Exhibit 2, Tab 10).
To recap to this point, it is acknowledged that Mrs. Wong-went
on short-term disability benefits on April 8, 1988. Then, if after
six months she is "totally disabled", as that term. is defined in
the Collective Agreement, she is then eligible to receive Lon~ Term
Income Protection benefits. Her grievance is dated October 3,
i989, claiming that she had been denied receipt of Long Term Income
Protection benefits and claiming that she receive such benefits
from the first date that they were due and be reimbursed for all
expenses incurred as a result of the denial of these benefits.
Precisely when her denial became known to her is unknown to the
Board. However, a chronology of events that transpired before and
after November, 1988, is helpful. We note in Exhibit 2, Tab 7 that
her physician states that Mrs. Wong feels she is unable to work for
health reasons on August 29, 30, and 31, 1988. In Exhibit 2, Tab 8
a further certificate from her family physician, Dr. Wong, dated
.September 1, 1988, states,
Gentleme~ -
Re Lena Wong
The abovenamed is suffering from anxiety with
chest pain and is presently being investigated.
She is advised to stay home and may return to
work on September 19/88.
sincerely yours,
Dr. Brooks, on Sept'ember 30, 1988, issues the following
certificate: "Has not improved and new prescription has started.
She will remain off work til further notice." On February 3, 1989,
the Employment and Immigration Canada office is requesting
additional information and the physician's statement contained
therein reads: "Anxiety and depression related to employment. No
.definite date for return to work" (Exhibit 2, Tab 10). On
February 7, 1989, Dr. Wong writes a lengthy letter to O.P.S.E.U.
setting out his views with respect to Mrs. Wong who has been his
patient since March, 1985. That letter reads (Exhibit 2, Tab 11):
Mrs. Wong has been under my care since March
1985.
She was fiust seen in my office on May 5, 1988
about her present illness. She stated that she'
.has been off work since April 5, 1988 because
of pressure from her supervisor at work. In
her written statement she also stated that she
had applied for a promotion at the Ontario
Municipal Board and the promotion was denied.
She took .up the case with the Union and
apparently she won the case. Since then she
had been harrassed (sic) at the job to the
extent that the patient started to suffer a
great deal of anxiety, depression, insomnia'
and lack of concentration.
She had been. seen on ~a number, of occasions
since May, 1988 because of multiple somatic'
complaints such as chest pain, neck pain,
shoulder pain and had also been in the
Emergency Department of The Mississauga
Hospital. All the investigations including
EKG, X'ray and multiple blood tests were all
written normal limit.
She had 'also seen by (sic) Dr. E. Brown,
Psychiatrist, on October 19, 1988 and stated
as "This is a pattern of depression and while
her presentation is strongly reactive there
are some features, reduced psychomotor activity
and broken sleep pattern, suggestive of
primary affective disorder."
She is presently on Ativan, an anxiolytic
agent, for her anxiety.
I have also completed the UIC Disability form
and the Doctor's First Report for WCB on
January 6,'1989.
It is no doubt that Mrs. Wong has been
suffering, from anxiety and depression which is
probably related to her work according to her
information. It is my opinion that she is n~t
able to carry on her regular job under the
present environment. However, there is no
reason for her not to work as a Word Processor
under the different environment or to work in
a different ccmDany. [Our emphasis]
As stated earlier, Dr. Brown, the psychiatrist referred to in
Dr. Wong's letter, was seen on one occasion only. Mrs. Wong found
Dr. Brown to be rude and very abrupt and so she did not return to
him again.
In February, 1989, Mrs. Wong suggested to Dr. Wong that she
undergo a CAT Scan because of the dizziness that she.had been
suffering daily. The CAT Scan was normal and it was at this time
that Dr. Wong again suggested to her that her problems were work
28
related stress and anxiety. On February 23, 1989, the Employment
& Immigration Canada - Unemployment Insurance Office requested from
Dr. Wong the period of expected incapacity. In response to
question 98 which read, "Do you expect sufficient improvement to
take place in the mental or physical condition of this patient to
allow him/her to: a) return to his/her previous 'work or
occupation?" to which the doctor replied, "Yes". As to when she
would be ~ble to return to work, he wrote, "six weeks".
In March, 1989, Mrs. Wong had a pelvic sonogram performed and
when Dr. Wong read the report (Exhibit 2, Tab 12) to Mrs. Wonq, she
said that, "I went to pieces - I didn't know if it was cancer or
not - only way to find out was by surgery". She was referred to
a gynaecologist who was unable to see her for approximately one
month during which time she said that it, "Drove me half crazy"
Eventually she underwent surgery during which two cysts were
removed but they were benign. After her stay in the hospital, she
contacted the Union saying that, "My problems could have caused
even this"
On March 26, 1989, Dr. Wong wrote to O.P.S.E.U. the following
letter (Exhibit 2, Tab 13):
This is to reply your recent letter with your
full explanation of the long term income
protection plan and also a full consent from
Mrs. Wong.
As I stated previously, it is no doubt that
Mrs. Lena Wong has been suffering from anxiety
and depression which is related to her work.
She was referred to Dr. Sartaj G. Lalani, a
psychiatrist in Mississauga, who saw her on
April 6, 1989 and he stated that this lady-is
sufferin~ from a depressive syndrome which is
probably related to. her work environment.
There are stresses emanating from her work
environment which temporally are related to
the recent worsening in her mental status.
Since I wrote you the last time, she had been
admitted to The Mississauga Hospital twice, for
operation of cystadenoma in April and most
recently she.was admitted from May 14, 1989 to
May 23, 1989 because of acute gastroenteritis.
As she has not been able to find aSuitable job
and is perhaps in no position to work due to
the deterioration of her mental status as well
as her recent admissions to the hospital, ~it
is reasonable for her to qualify for the long
term income, protection plan rather than the
long-termdisability benefits as I was informed
earlier.
Dr. Lalani, the psychiatrist referred to in the letter, was the
Dhysician she'turned to after having experienced her.disagreeable
session with Dr. Brown previously.
Dr. Wong informed.the grievor on June 13, 1989, that he would
.not be willing to continue as her family physician f~om August 15,
1989 (Exhibit 2, Tab 14). In July, 1989, Dr. Lalani filled out a
welfare application form on behalf of the grievor. He stated that
his prognosis for the patient's condition was fair to good and that
he expected sufficient improvement to take place in the mental or
physical condition of the patient to allow her to return to work
in approximately two to three months as a full-time employee. This
form was signed by Dr.~Lalani on July 31, 1989 (Exhibit 2, Tab 15).
On August 10, 1989, Dr. Lalani wrote to O.P.S.E.U. as follows
(Exhibit 2, Tab 16):
This is to acknowledge your letter of July 11,
1989 referring to the above named and
requesting a psychiatric report.
I first saw Mrs. Lena Wong on February23, 1989
at the request of Dr. Frank Wong, her family
physician, she was not seen again until
July 10. I gather that meanwhile she had been
admitted to Mississauga Hospital and underwent
abdominal surgery. She is still being
investigated for complaint of diarrhea (sic).
As far as her psychiatric assessment is
concerned, there is evidence to indicate that
she is suffering from a depressive syndrome,
most likely a major depressive disorder of
chronic duration with symptoms going back to
at least two years. In addition' since
approximately February of 1988 she has also
experienced panic anxiety attacks of a
disabling severity. The symptoms which have
particularly bothered her include episodes of
dizziness, numbness of her hands, fear of
passing out, restlessness, as well as low
moods, decreased energy, reduced interest in
activities previously enjoyed, crying spells
and difficulty with attending and
concentrating.
As you are well aware, she has worked as a word
processer (sic) with the Ontario Municipal
Board. I gather that her last day at work was
August 26, 1988 but even prior to that,
beginning from April of 1988 she has not been
working on a regular basis at all.
As far as her ability to work is concerned, at
the present time, there is no doubt that she
is not able to return to work on account of the
depression that she is experiencing. I would
say in fact, that certainly from February when
I first assessed her she has not been fit
enough to return to work for psychiatric
reasons. In addition, as she has already
presumably informed you, there have been
medical reasons in the re~ent past which would
have also led to time off from work. You will
appreciate my difficulty in making a firm
statement regarding her ability to work during
the period of April 1988 onwards. However,
from the information ske has conveyed to me and
from my findings on mental status examination
I_would suggest that she probably was not fit
enough to continue work during that period of
-time as well.
As for the future I think there is good
possibility that she would respond to
antidepressant drug therapy. I have started
her on treatment but she has exPerienced
adverse side' effects from a couple of
antidepressants. If she remains .intolerant of
the side effects of antidepressants then she
would benefit from a period of hospitalization
where her treatment could be monitored more
closely. There is good chance that she would
respondrto treatment and then be able to return
to work. How long it will take I am not able
to say with certainty but a period of two to
three months could be adequate to obtain
satisfactory response to treatment. However,
as you are already well aware, there are
certain work related issues which would operate
adversely in her return to'work, especially if
she was going back to the same environment.
A move to a different job within the same
department would perhaps be more suitable, and
certainly would facilitate her return to work.
This letter is somewhat at odds with the' comment made to the
unemployment insurance people ten days earlier that she could be
expected to return to work in two to three months.
From the foregoing evidence, which was also before the
Insurance Carrier and the Review Commi~tee, can it be said that
they were correct in denying the claim of the grievor? if they
were wrong and the grievor is entitled to receive benefits then the
Board will be required to inquire further to determine whether the
Employer is responsible for providing such benefits. It is trite
to say that 'this Board possesses no jurisdiction to order the
Insurance Carrier to pay benefits to the grievor, not being a party
.to the Collective Agreement.
In reviewing the evidence, the Board must keep in mind 'the
meaning of the term "total disability" which is set out in Article
42.2.4 in the Collective Agreement. We repeat it here, in part,
for convenience purposes. It reads:
Total disability means the continuous inability
as the result of illness, mental disorder, or
injury of the insured employee to perform any
and every duty of his normal occupation during
the qualification period, and during the first
twenty-four (24) months of benefit period;...
The qualification period is stated in Article 42.2.3 and reads:~
42.2.3 Long Term Income Protection benefits
commence after a qualification period
- of six (6) months from the date the
employee becomes totally disabled,
unless the employee elects to
continue to use accumulated
attendance credits on a day-to-day
basis after the six (6) month Deriod.
We interpret the qUalification period to be from April 8,· 1988,
when she first was absent from work until October 8 when the six
months had elapsed. The evidence reveals that during this period
the grievor was seeing her physicians who periodically provided
medical certificates on the grievor's behalf. The first
certificate in evidence is'that of Dr. Wong dated May 31, 1988,
wherein he states that the grievor is suffering from anxiety and
insomnia and is not able to work for about two months. The next
one that we have is the certificate from Dr. Brooks dated August
t7~ 1988, saying that because of her medical problems it would be
best that this lady not do overtime work at the present time.
33
This apparently was unacceptable to Mrs. Alty who £n her
letter to the. grievor of August 17 stated that it would be
necessary to provide her with a medical certificate. Mrs. Alty's
letter was followed up by the Union requesting the reasons why she
was being required to undergo medical examinations and wh~
information the Employer was seeking ~from her doctor (Exhibit 2,
Tab 6).
It will be.remembered that the grievor went to work at the
Provincial Court in Mississauga on February 1, 1988, and remained
there until April 8, 1988, whereupon she left because she did not
like the work there. This transfer was prompted~because of her
feeling of being harassed due to having fi'led a grievance over her
unsuccessful application for a position at the Ontario M~nicipal
Board. Her transfer was' aS a result of a settlement reached
during the grievance procedure.
In any event, the grievor absented herself from work on
August 26, 1988, and 'has not returned since. On August 29, Dr.
Brooks again Qrites that the patient feels she is unable to work
for health reasons on August 29, 30, and 31 and states further
that she had been seen due to her health problems' On September
1, Dr. Wong writes that the grievor is suffering from anxiety with
chest pa.in and is presently being investigated. He states that
she is advised to stay home and may return to work on September
19, 1988. Then on September 30, Dr. Brooks again saw her stating
that she had not improved and that she would be remaining.off work
'until further notice.
34
Based on the above information, the grievor's application for
Long. Term Income Protection benefits which would have been
scheduled to begin on October 8, 1988, was denied. From the
foregoing information can it be said that the grievor was under
continuous total disability to perform any and every duty of her
normal occupation during that qualification period as set out in
Article 42.2.4? Both the Insurance Carrier and the Review
Committee decided that she was not totally disabled within the
meaning of that term. Can+it be said that the Insurance Carrier
and the Review Committee were wrong in the conclusion they arrived
at? We find it difficult to disagree with their conclusions. On
May 31, 1988, Dr. Wong indicated that she would be unable %o work
for about two months. This is not a prognosis that she is totally
disabled. Moreover, she had not been at work since April 8, 1988.
Further, when she returned to work in August she was there for
approximately nine calendar days when she produced another medical
certificate stating that she could not perform overtime work at
the ~resent time° Again, on August 29 she produced a medical
certificate stating that she would be unable to work on August 29,
30, and 31; and again on September I she produced a further
medical certificate stating that she would not be able to return
to work until September 19. In none of these situations have the
doctors who were seeing her stated that she would not be able to
return to work at any time in the future° There is no reference
whatsoever that she is totally disabled. Dr. Br~ks' letter of
.September 30 states that she Would be remaining off work until
35
further notice but again there is no reference that she will not
be returning'eventually.
Moreover, there is a thread running through all of the
foregoing that a significant contribution to her inability to work
was due to the environment in which she was working. She stated
that the Employer at no time offered her work elsewhere, except,
of course, in settlement of the grioevanca when she went to the
Provincial Court in Mississauga. But the evidence is clear that
once working in a changed environment she remained unsatisfied.
We hear no complaints about the environment or working conditions
at the Provincial Court nor is there any ~eference' to harassment.
while working there. She states simply that she left because she
did not like .the work ~here. Nor is there any evidence that she
was absent from work during the period she was there.
Nevertheless, once having left the Provincial Court in Mississauga
on April 8 she did not. return to the Ontario Municipal Board until
August 8. Further, we have no evidence that she visited any
physician until May 31 when Dr. Wong wrote that she would be
uhable t6 return to work for approximately two months.
If we continue ~to review what transpired after October 8,
1988, we see very little change. Further, Dr. Wong on February 7,
1989, wrote to the Union stating that his view. was that her
anxiety and depression was probably related to her work according
to her information, and that she would not be able to return to
her regular job under the present environment, but he went on to
say ~hat there is no reason for her not to work as a word
®
36
processor under a different environment or to work in a different
company. This does not indicate to the Board that the grievor was
totally disabled at that time within the meaning of Article
42.2.4. Then in March, 1989, the grievor was diagnosed as having
a cyst in her pelvic region and in April underwent surgery which
later manifested itself in complications which clearly would not
have permitted her to return to work during that period of time.
However, it is to be noted that this ailment was totally unrelated
to anything that had transpired previously and in our view cannot
be connected with her inability to return to work when she had
recovered from this particular ailment. On June 12, 1989,
Dr. Wong stated that he expected sufficient improvement to take
place in order that the grievor could return to her previous work
or occupation within a period of six weeks (Exhibit 2, Tab 10,
page 6). Then on July 31, 1989, Dr. Lalani stated on an
application for welfare that he expected the grievor to be able to
return to full-time employment in approximately two to three
months.
This continuing evidence after October, 1988, would indicate
that overall the attending physicians were of the view that the
grievor could eventually return to work. At no time was it stated
by any of her physicians that she was totally disabled.
After h~ving considered all of the evidence, it is tk'is
Board's opinion that the Insurance Carrier and the Joint Review
Benefits Committee's decisions to deny the grievor's application
for Long Term Income Protection benefits cannot be criticized. It
must be our decision, therefore, that the g~ievance be dismissed.
Having reached the above conclusion it is unnecessary for
this Board to enquire into and make a determination over who is
liable to pay the benefits, the Employer or the Insurance Carrier.
Accordingly, we decline to make such a determination. For all of
the reasons set out above, the grievance is dismissed.
· Dated ·at Kingston, Ontario this 16th day of J~ouar¥ ,
199~.
-Mr. G.Simmons - VICE Chairperson
"I DISSENT" (Dissent attached)
Mr. J.Carruthers - Member
Mr. H. Roberts - Member
DISSENT GSB #1299/89 L. WONG
I regret to say that I am in fundamental disagreement with the
decision of the majority in this case. I would award the grievor
the damages requested and order that she be continued to be paid
damages by the employer. Because of this, I will set out my
reasons as to the Board's jurisdiction before dealing with the
merits of this case.
JURISDICTION
The majority does not take issue with this Board's jurisdiction
to hear this grieyance, nor could it in light of the Sekhon
decision. However, the majority leaves undecided the issue as to
the empl'oyer's liability. In light of the majority's recognition
that this Board cannot order damages against the insurance
carrier, the immediate question that comes to mind is what sort
of jurisdiction this Board can have if it could not order damages
against the employer. This Board is not established to decide
abstract issues or to issue edicts. It is here to decide cases
and grant remedies. It has the jurisdiction under section 19 of
the Crown Employees Collective Barqainina Act to "decide the
matter". The Divisional Court has told this Board that it has
the jurisdiction to order meaningful relief (see, for example,
Berry and MCSS, Ontario Divisional Court, March 13, 1986).
Indeed, there is no right without a remedy. To say to a grievor
that she can grieve the denial of LTIP, and then turn around 'and
tell her she can get no monetary relief from her grievance would
strike one as ridiculous. Thus, such a conclusion could only be
reached if the law required us to do so. On the contrary,
however, the legal precedents lead to the conclusion that the
employer is liable for damages in respect of a denial of LTIP
that violates the collective agreement.
For example, in ICG Utilities Greater WinniDe~ Gas ComDan¥
(1989) 8 LAC 4th 289, the Arbitration Board hearing the case came
to the conclusion that the employer was liable to pay benefits to
the grievor that had been denied by the insurance company. It is
evident from p. 291 of that decision that Appendix E in the
collective agreement at issue in that case is essentially
identical to Articles 42.2.1 to 42.2.4 in the Collective
Agreement before us.
At p. 292, the Board characterizes~ ancillary insurance documents
and their relationship with the collective agreement as falling
into one of four categories:
1. A plan or policy not mentioned in the agreement;
2. Where the agreement' specifically provides for certain
benefits;
3. Where the agreement only provides for thel payment of'
premiums;
4. Where the plan or policy is incorporated by reference.
in the agreement.
Th~ Board there Characterized the situation as falt~hg into
'category two, and I would do the same 'in respect of the
collective agreement in this case. Before the recent amendments
to the collective agreement, itL may well have been that the
collective agreement fell into category three. However, in light.
of the amendments and in light of the Sekhon case, there can be
no doubt that this Collective agreement should fall under
category two, as did the agreement in the ICG case.
The parties went to great length in Article 42.2.3 and 42.2.4 to
define the availability of benefits. There is no doubt in my
mind that the payment of benefits to those meeting the
requirements for them is an obligation of the employer,
regardless of what some insurance company may or may not do.
Other cases which support this conclusion are: Domqlas (1985) 22
LAC 3rd 355 at 363 and 365-366, Fleet Manufacturinq (1967) 18 LAC
311 at 318 to 319. In each of these cases, collective agreement
language similar to that in Article 42 led to the conclusion that
the employer was liable to pay benefits if the insurance company
refused to do so. If Ms. Wong meets the requirements for LTIP,
the employer is liable to pay her if the insurance company
refuses. Otherwise, there would be no reason for the collective
agreement to give the right to grieve the denial of LTIP.
MERITS
Given this Board's jurisdiction as to set out above, the issue is
whether Ms. Wong can be said to be under a "total disability"
within the meaning of Article 42.2.4. In my view, the evidence
clearly supports the conclusion that Ms. Wong has been and is
under a total disability.
The Attending' Position's Initial Long Term Disability Benefits
Statement filled.out by'Dr. Wong is clear. Dr. Wong states, in
answer to the question "Date Total Disability Commenced?" that
it commenced "April 8, 1988". (Exhibit 2, Tab 10). This
evidence, as was all the medical evidence .... in this case, is
uncontroverted by the employer and must be accepted by this
Board, which is charged with deciding cases before it based on
the evidence'put before it by the parties.
Indeed, a review of the medical reports admitted into evidence by
-this Board shows a very sad history of serious physical and
psychological problems the grievor' has suffered. These include
multiple somatic complaints (chest pain, neck pain and shoulder
pain), chronic depression, panic disorder and panic attacks,
dizziness, numbness of hands, fear of passing out, difficulty
seeing and concentrating, adverse affects from anti-depressant
drugs, a cys~adenoma and acute gastroenteritis. Medical reports
in Exhibit 2 at Tabs 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16 and 19 describe
.the serious medical problems that this grievor has been suffering
since April 8, 1988. For example, Dr. Lalani's report at Tab 16,
states that the grievor is suffering from a major depressive
syndr0~e and from panic anxiety attacks of a disabling severity.
Not only was this medical evidence not contradicted by the
employer at the hearing of this grievance, the employer chose not
to contradict it at all even prior to the h'earing. The employer
was..content to have the grievor on short term sickness for six
months. ~ The employer al~o never challenged the bona fides of the
grievor's medical condition even after six months off work. The
employer had the right under Article 52.9 of the collective
agreement to require the grievor to submit to a medical
examination. The employer never exercised this right. The
employer must therefore be taken to accept the validity of the
reports and the accuracy of their description of this woman's
condition. Her inability to do her job was attested to by
several doctors in the medical reports at the tabs set out above.
Again, this evidence is not only uncontroverted, but also, up
until recently, accepted by the employer. In these
circumstances, I cannot see how this Board can put itself' in'a
position of second guessing the doctors and siding with the
employer.
However, that is not the end o'f the story. The grievor testified
.about her condition at this hearing. That evidence, too, is
uncontroverted. Nor the can the grievor's credibility be
doubted. Her depression problem is not something that just
"popped up". She has a history of it, as the majority decision
- 6 -
points out. The grievor listed her debilitating symptoms, all of
which are supported by the medical reports. These include:
(a) multiple somatic complaints (supported by reports at
Tabs 8 and 11 of the Exhibit 2);
(b) chronic depression and anxiety (supported by medical
reports at Tabs 3, 8., 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17 and 19 of
Exhibit 2);
(c)' dizziness (reports at Tabs 10, 16 and 19 of Exhibit 2);
(d) numbness of hands, fear of passing out, difficulty of
seeing and concentration (all supported by reports at
Tabs 16 and 19);
(e) adverse affects from anti-depressant drugs (supported
'by Dr. Lalani's report at Tab 15).
Moreover, the griev°~ has been in serious financial difficulty
throughout her illness. She has no means of support and is on
welfare (see Tab 15 of Exhibit 2).. She therefore had every
incentive to work, and indeed tried to do so in the fall of 1988,
but failed because of her medical problems It strains credulity
to suggest that anyone in the grievor's circumstances could be
malingering.
In the face of this overwhelming evidence, the. majority of this
panel of the Board has seen fit to deny the grievor her benefits.
In my view, it ha~ done this on the basis of an erroneous view of
the collective agreement language at issue.
Article 42.2.4 bases entitlement to benefits on "total
disability". That Article does not say "permanent disability".
Thus, the majority's concern that the attending physicians "were
of the view that the grievor could evidentially return to work"
at p. 36 of its decision, is completely misplaced. Certainly,
some of the medical reports indicated that the grievor was
expected to return to ~ork at some point in time. Of course,
many of the medical reports indicated that there was no fixed
time for her'return (see Tabs 9, 10, 11, 13 and 16). In any
event, however, the issue is not what the prognosis is, but what
the diagnosis is. There is ample evidence'in the medical repQ~ts
to support that this woman was incapable of doing her job. The
fact that at some point some doctor made a prognosis that she
would be able to return to work, which prognosis later turned out
to be erroneous, cannot be a factor in the decision as to whether
disability is "total" Disability is total under Article 42.2.4
if the grievor is not able "to perfor~ any and every duty of his
normal occupation". The medical evidence in this case is that
this woman was incapable of doing her word processing duties and
this is borne out by her attempt to do so in the fall of 1988.
The majority is simply wrong to read other, unrelated,
requirements into the language. The majority is also plainly
wrong to state that "At no time was it stated by any of her
physicians that she was totally disabled" (p. 36). As I pointed
out above, Dr. Wong said exactly.this in his medical report at
Tab 10.
Furthermore, the majority seems to have some concern that ,,a
significant contribution to her inability to work was due to the
environment in which she was working" (p. 35). This, too, has
nothing to do with the issue .before this Board. Total disability
can be "the result of illness, mental disorder or injury",
according to Article 42.2.4. There is absolutely no requirement
that the condition not be connected with the workplace. If the
parties had intended such a requirement to apply, they could have
easily written it into the language of Article 42, as they could
have written in a requirement that the disability be permanent.
The parties did not do so and it is not for this Board to rewrite
the ~ollective agreement for the parties.
Final!.y, the majority puts too much weight on the conclusion
reached by the insurance carrier and the Review Committee. The
majority asks itself whether the conclusions they reached were
wrong (p. 34). This, of course, is not the right question to
ask. The Review Committee itself comprises equal numbers of
employer and employee members. Its main function is to recommend
insurance carriers. Its opinion cannot be of any assistance to
this Board in coming to its conclusion. We do not know what
motivated the panel,, who decided what, what the split was in the
decision-making, etc., etc. Furthermore, the insurance carriers'
decision to not' pay benefits cannot enter into this Board's
decision making process. I't is the cause of the grievance, not
the solution to it. The carrier may well have its own reasons
- 9 -
for denying coverage. Of course, it can hardly be said to be
independent or conducting an independent inquiry, given its
vested interest in the matter. It is very troubling to me that
the majority of this Board should put any reliance on those
decisions.
In the end, I am driven 'to the conclusion that on any fair
rea_ding of "total disability" in the collective agreement, this
grievor must be paid her benefits. The employer has seen fit to
not challenge this grievor's condition or the medical reports
regarding her condition up until this hearing. Its position at
this hearing smacks of opportunism and ought not to be rewarded
by this Board.
I would have issued a declaration that this grievor is entitled
to damages and an order that she be paid all benefits owing to
her under the collective agreement. I would have also remained
seized with respect to'the'implementation of the remedy.
OPSEU (WONG) - 1299/89
I have baden opportunity to review the comments contained., in
the .minority opinion and have decided that a few comments are
warranted in connection therewith.
I have reviewed the ICG case referred to in the minority
opinion and, in my view, it is distinguishable from the instant
situation. In ~ at page 290 it is noted that the Employer
terminated the grievor "because, in its judgment, he was
sufficiently disabled such that he could not perform his duties,
or any duties which would be found for him." The grievor in IC___~G
was then placed on LTIP so in that case the grievor satisfied both
the Employer and the insurance carrier that he was entitled to Long
Term Insurance Benefits'. Further, in ICG when the insurance
carrier terminated the benefits', the Employer continued to be of
the view that the grievor was entitled to such benefits but that
he had %o look to %he insurance carrier for relief. That is not
the situation in the instant case. Bcth'the Employer and the
insurance carrier, as well am the review committee, take the view
that the grievor is not totally disabled and that she therefore is
not entitled to receive Long Term Income' Protection benefits.
Further, unlike the grievor in ICG, she has never received such
benefits.
The Board in ICG w~nt on to find that the Employer was wrong
in terminating the grievor and that .the Collective Agreement
3AN 16 '9i 08:49AM ELI¥~ TYPIN~ SERV.
provided specific benefits for employees. At page 295 the Board
states: "In the Company's view Wentland (the grievor) ks disabled.
He is $O disabled that on that basis it decided to terminate his
employment.~' The Board went on to determine that the grievor ~a~
not justly terminated and ordered his reinstatement, once
reinstated, he was entitled to LTIP and the Board found that the
Empioyar had contracted to provide the benefits and the grievance
succeeded.
In the instant situation, the Board states in the second full
paragraph on page 20 that the Board does have jurisdiction to
review and enquire into the' grievance-on its merits unlike the
~ooey case and in keeping with the Sekhon decision. However, the
approach taken by the Board in =he instant situation was to enquire
into whether or not the grievor was totally disabled pursuant to
Article 42.2.4 in the Collective Aqreemen=. Upon a review of the
evidence the Board agreed with the conclusions of the Review
Comz~lttee, the Employer, and the insurance carrier that she was not
totally' disabled pursuant to =hat article. Once having reached
that conclusion, it was the decision of the majority to proceed no
further as it was not necessary to do so in light of our
conclusions for reasons set cut in the majority opinion.
The minority opinion, in its first three pages, WOuld have the
Board decide that issue irrespective of any other finding. In the
view of the majority, the resolution of that issue should await a
tame when it is necessary %~ do so.
· JAN 16 'gl OI:BP-PM ELITE TYPING SERV,
Turning next to the "me,its" of the minority opinioD there are
a couple of oomments that are warranted. The first full paragraph
on page 4 of the minority opinion would indicate that one of the
doctors, Dr. Wong, gives the impression that the grievor was
totally disabled pursuant to Exhibit 2, Tab 10. I wish to point
out that Exhibit 2, Tab 10 is a form issued by the Employment &
Immigration Canada Department. This form was presented to Dr. Wcng
for completion which, as stated on page 28 of the majority opinion,
Dr. Wong filled out on February 23, 1989. It reads in part as
follows:
1. History
(a) ~en did symptoms first appear or accident
happen?
Month April Day 19 _ 87
(b) Date total disability commenced?
Month .. _Apr/1 Day
(c) Has patient ever had same or similar condition?
If "Yes" state-when and describ~
(d;is condition due to injury or sickness arisinq
out of patient's employment?
(e)Names of other treating physicians.
Dr. E. Brown, psychiatrist
Unfortunately, the minority opinion' did' not bother to look at tbs
remainder of the form which states in Item'S8 the following:
e. Do you expec~ su£~lcient improvement to ta~e place
in,he mental or physical condi=ion Of this patient
to allow him/her
a) return to his/her previous work or occupation
[43
~f yeI, when7 6 week~
full or part-time (hours/day) ..
b) return to any other type of work of occupation
If yes, when?
full or part-time (hours/day)
Nature of work
I¢ was noted by the majority that this is a form document which
asks specific questions. Given the nature of the document and the
resgonses of Dr. Wong the majority, in weighing it~ s±gnifiuance,
together with the do~um~neation =hat ~ollowed, gave it little
weight. This is due largely ~o the sub~=quent documentations that
were filed which reveale~ the phy~ioiana writing ou= their
statements, either ~ certificates or lette=$, ~h~ch reveal tha~
in their o~inion .the grievor is capable of returning to work at
~ome future date. The preponderance of medical evidence is to the
effect =ha~ the grievor is not to=ally disabled, we accepted that
evidence, as did t_he Review Committee; t~e Empioyer~ and the
insurance =ompany. Furthermore, it ~hould be stressed that at the
co~tr~enceme~2 of these proceeding~ the hearing was adjourned in
order to allow the Review Committee ~n opportunity to review two
additional letters from physicians that had not previously been
s~mi=ted to it. When we reconvened we were informed than the
Committee had not altered its 09in!on, that the grievor was "not
totally disabled". This' co:zment is offered to point out ~ha=
Coz~mittee had all of the in£o~a=Ion before iU that both parties
de~ired when it made its de¢i~ion.
The majority agree that the evidence reveals a
medical htsto~ in the instant mituation. ~ut, with respect, that
Is no= the issue. The issue is whether or not the grievor is
totally d±~abled within the meaning of A~l¢le 42.2.4 in the
Collective Agreement. In order to dete~ine that issue =he Board
relied on =he medical evidence that was present~ =~ i= in addition
to the v~va vocw evidence. Having been provided with =he available
evidence, it was the majority's conclusion that the grlevor is not
"totally disabled" within the meaning of that a~icle in the
Collective Agreement and therefore the majority had no alternative
but to dismiss the grievance.
Dated at Kingston, Ontario this day of ~. ~,'1991.