HomeMy WebLinkAbout1989-1250.Storey.91-07-03 ONTARIO EMPLOYES DE LA COURONNE
CROWN EMPL 0 YEES DE L '0 N TA RIO
GRIEYANCE C,OMMISSlON DE
SETTLEMENT REGLEMENT .
BOARD DES GRIEFS
180 OUNDAS STREET WEST, SUITE 21~0, TORONTO, ONTARIO, MSt. 1Z8 TE£EPHOt,IE/T~L~-PHONE. (~ ?6] .325- 1358
'i$0, RUE ~)UNDAS OUEST, BUREAU 2'100. TORONTO [ONTARIO). MSG 1Z$ FACSIMILE/TE~COPlE .. (4.1~i 32~'1296
1250/89
IN THE MATTER OF ~N ARBITRATION
Under
THE CROWN EMPLOYEES COLLECTIVE BARQAINING ACT
Before
THE GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT BOARD
BETWEEN
OPSEU (Storey) Grievor
- and -
The Crown in Right of Ontario
(Ministry of Community & Social Services)
Employer
BEFORE: T. Wilson .Vice-Chairperson G. Majesky Member
D. Montrose Member
FOR THE H. Law
GRIEVOR Grievance Officer
Ontario Public Service Employees Union
FOR THE S. Patterson
EMPLOYER Counsel
Legal Services Branch
Ministry of Community & Social services
HEARING February 15, 23, 1990
March 26, 1990
September 18, 1990
DECISION
Judy Storey is a Residential Counsellor 2 with the Ministry of Communit7 and
Social Services at the Edgar Adult Occupational Centre which is a residential school for
thc dcxtnlnnmc, ntnllu hnndinnnnpri ~ .qhn filnd n hnnlth nnd nnfntv nri~vnnnn nn .qnntCmhpr
1, 1989 to the following effect: "I grieve that management is in violation of Article 18."
The Settlement Desired is: "that Mr. Reynolds be re-certified/tested in Crisis
lntervention/Interventive Techniques". Don Reynolds is the Manager, Residential
Programming and Services. He is as such part of management and outside the
bargaining unit?
Article 18 provides as follows:
18.1 The Employer shall continue to make reasonable provisions for'the
~nfnh; ~nd hcnith nf itc. nmnlnunn~ d~rinn thc hnl~r~ nf thnir
employment. It is agreed that both the Employer and the Union shall
co-operate to the fultest extent possible in the prevention of accidents
and in the reasonable promotion of safety and health of all employees.
This grievance arises out of an incident that occurred on July 28, 1989, at the
Hillcrest residential area at the Edgar Occupational Centre. A large young male resident
(inmate), G.F., was the subject matter of the incident. Because of his behaviour that
morning, G.F. had been directed by Reynolds to remain in his residence, something
known as being "grounded".3 G.F. sneaked out of his residence in violation of his
"grounding". When he was located, he refused to do what he was asked to do or to calm
down and then physical efforts at restraining him were initially unsuccessful. When Don
' Sometimes in testimony and in the documentation, they are referred to variously as
residents, clients, trainees or inmates.
: Mr. Reynolds was advised by the Chair that he was entitled to separate Third Party
status and to be represented by his own Counsel, separate from that of the Ministry. He
stated to the Board that he was content to have his interests represented by Ministry
Counsel at the hearing.
3 Although the term seems to me to come from denying the family car to a teenage
son, the potential fo? more serious consequences should be obvious when dealing with
a full-grown adult. It is here more closely akin to the military concept of"confined to
barracks".
3
Reynolds arrived on the scene, staff'were still trying :to calm G and get some control over
his behaviour. At this point, the facts are seriously in dispute. The Grievor's claim is that
Don Reynolds, when he arrived on the scene, inappropriately interrupted the on-going
crisis intervention, interrupted the oral rapport which the staff had established with G and
then made a kind of flying football style tackle of G.F., an action which the Union submits
was unsafe and inconsistent with the accepted Crisis Intervention techniques. The Grievor
claims that in the scuffle that resulted and into which she and her fellow staff members
had to intervene, she suffered injury. The Ministry does not agree with this
characterization of the events or that there was any safety violation.
THE EVIDENCE
The first witness for the Union was Paul Simcoe. He is a Resident Counsellor 2 at
the Institution and has been there since 1978. He is also the Chief Stewart in Local 321.
He is an instructor in the'lnstitute's Crisis Intervention course and in the Physical
Restraints course. The Crisis Intervention course lasts two days. The Physical Restraints
initial course lasts two full days as well and every staff member must attend. Every year,
there are also two half day courses on physical restraints. Everyone who comes into
contact with the clients (residents) must take crisis intervention. Even support staff such
as cooks and cleaners are now being trained in these techniques. There are also
practices of one hour in length required on physical restraints. The physical restraints
program began back in 1977 and has been revised many times. Crisis Intervention
courses were first put together in late 1985 and teaching began in 1986. This witness
testified that he had no knowledge of either the physical restraints course or the Crisis
Intervention course ever having been taken by Reynolds. Qualified instructors came in
from' the St. Thomas Psychiatric Centre to train the instructors at Edgar for the physical
restraints and the instructors were recertified by qualified consultants. The Crisis
Intervention course was designed by a committee consisting of instructors from the
physical restraints course, staff from the Psychology Department and the Staff
development officer. An Administrative Directive (AO-0504-02) dated 04 Feb 1988 is
given to all persons taking the physical restraints course. It is a policy statement, setting
4
out as follows:
SUMMARY This directive and the corresponding procedures for the use of these
approved intervention techiniques has been developed as an aid for
staff in dealing with a trainee who displays aggressive and potentially
harmful behaviour.
POLICY The Personnel Manual, Standards of Conduct section 0505-02,
STATEMENT Subsection 10- Orderly Conduct, states that the following constitutes
unacceptable conduct:
"Endangering well-being of any persons on Ministry premises; use of
force in excess of approved methods resulting in injury or abuse to
trainee, resident or ward; assault on employees, clients or visitors."
In conjunction with this directive, A.O.C. will endorse the following
crisis intervention techniques on the part of employees at A.O.C. when
and ONLY when a display of aggressive behaviour on the part of a
trainee may result in physical harm to an employee of the Centre,
another trainee, a visitor to the Centre, to him/herself, or which may
result in the destruction of property.
These methods will be the only methods of intervention techniques in
a crisis situation that are sanctioned by the administration of A.O.C.
The Occupational Health and Safety Act Section 14(2) (a) and (g)
states that:
"Without limiting the strict duty imposed by Subsection (1), an
employeer shall,
(a) provide information, instruction and supervision to a worker to
protect health or safety of the worker;
(g) take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the
protection of a worker."
In order to compfy with this act, the centre:
provides all employees with an initial training program in the
prevention and management of disturbed behaviour;
- provides opportunity during working hours to practice techniques;
- provides qualified instructors for program;
- provides system for evaluation skill competency of employees and
providing retraining where necessary (see AO-0504-07).
It is the policy of the Centre not to discriminate on the basis of sex in
the matter of the application of Interventive Techniques in crisis
situations. Supervisory staff .in all program areas situations.
Supervisory staff in program areas are cautioned that they ought not
to discriminate in favour of male staff regardless of the sex of the
trainee who requires, to be restrained. The operative phrase is not
whether male staff are available, but rather, is there a sufficient
number of staff to apply the interventive technique successfully;
meaning without undue risk or physical harm to staff or trainee.
A further A.O.C. Directive AO-0504-04 dated 12 Feb 1988 was also adduced in
evidence. It provides as follows:
EMPLOYEES 1. Attend an ~nterventive Technique Training Program.
UTILIZING
INTERVENTIVE 2. Practice techniques for intervention on a monthly basis.
TECHNIQUES
3. Utilize alt techniques of counselling to handle a crisis situation
before utilizing the approved intervention techniques(s).
4. Use only intervention techniques approved by the
administration of A.O.C. for handling disturbed behaviour.
5. Be aware that aft incidents involving intervention techniques
will be subject to a review by the Program Advisory Committe,
Limit Setting Committee, Management Advisory Committee,
and tabled with the Employee/Employer Relations Committee
for information purposes.
6. ' Be aware that any methods utilized other than the approved
methods will be investigated independently by management
depending on the situation.
7. Be aware that any techniques other than those approved by
the administration of A.O.C. employed by staff in a crisis
situation may result in dismissal as per Personnel Manual
section 0505-02, subsection 10.
8. Staff will attend an annual review of Interventive Techniques
in order to remain competent in the administration of
techniques.
INSTRUCTORS 1. Instruct staff in crisis intervention techniques
-verbal, non-verbal, and physical techniques.
2. Attend a refresher course once a year (August) to upgrade
techniques of instruction.
3. Instruct in only those methods of intervention approved by the
administration of A.O.C.
4. Evaluate staff on the course, ensuring that they have
knowledge of an understand these techniques,
5. Forward attendance records from practice sessions to Staff
Development and appropriate managers on a monthly basis.
MANAGEMENT 1. Review monthly Interventive Technique Reports.
STAFF 1. Review techniques on a continuing basis.
DEVELOPMENT
2. Schedule training courses and instructors for the prevention
and management of disturbed behaviour.
3. Ensure that all instructors are reassessed in the interventive
techniques, annually.
4. Monitor departmental practice sessions, continually, providing
instruction and retraining where necessary.
5. Ensure all staff are reassessed in interventive techniques
annually.
6. Ensure one-day practice session is scheduled for Support
Service staff annually to review/practice interventive
techniques.
MANAGERS/ 1. Attend an Interventive Technique training session.
SUPERVISORS
2. Establish and monitor monthly practice sessions for their staff
to maintain skills taught at initial session.
3. Inform Staff Development of need for refresher sessions,
where applicable.
The witness explained that they fitl out a form (the interventive Technique
7
Competency form) marking the competency level of the people put through the course
and indicating what they need to brush-up on. He explained that the expression non-
verbal techniques referred to under paragraph 2 for instructors involves techniques such
as body language, personal d. istance, knowing the site and being aware of the
surroundings. Several verbal techniques are also taught: for example, 1. classical
methods such as appropriate tone of voice, use of open ended sentences aimed at
drawing the person out; 2. calming technique which by both verbal and non-verbal
methods seeks to calm a resident who is slightly agitated but still coherent; 3. defusing
techniques with more agitated residents "bumps up a level" but uses similar verbal skills;
4. ABC model which is used for example when the situation has been .going on for some
time and is going in circles;then, a time Iimit may be imposed. This model is not used
very often and there has to be real back-up to it. There is a whole section on the team
approach. In this approach, there is a team leader who has a rapport with the resident
or an objective. An individual approach is not used and in the case of the need for
physical restraint, such an approach is impossible.
This witness also introduced in evidence A.O.C Administrative Directive AO-0504-
03, subject Approved Methods of Intervention dated 21 Oct 1988. It is attached as
Appendix "B" to this Decision. Turning to page 2 of that document, the witness explained
that the Use of Restraints shown on the fist progresses from the least agressive to the
most. All restraints require a minimum of two staff. With respect to "B One Person
Techniques, these are referred to as one person escapes and the advise given is that
they are only used if you are cornered by a very aggressive trainee and are intended to
get him out of the way in order to escape. Under CAUTIONS sets out the rules for when
and what kind of restraints are to be used and how. The staff are also trained how to deal -
with a resident who is armed; that is the worst case scenario. The techniques are aimed
at keeping a distance and are protective rather than disarming techiques. The
recommended distance is 3 to 6 feet. A distance of greater than 10 feet would be
considered depersonalizing. There are two techniques available if the resident attacks:
these involve pivotting on your foot so that the attacking person goes by and if a blow is
struck an object such as a sweater or brief case should be brought up to receive the
8
blow.
The Union's next witness was Pat Chapados who is a Residential Counsellor 2 at
the Centre. She had seven years experience as a ResidenCal Counsellor at North West
Regional Centre in Thunder Bay the last six years of which as an Assistant Residential
Supervisor. When she moved south, she took a contract position with Edgar. When she
started at Edgar, she was told there were certain things she should not do until she had
received the proper training, namely with respect to physical restraints and crisis
intervention. In March, 1989, she took the necessary courses.
On the day of the incident (July 28, 1989), Pat Chapedos was on the afternoon
shift at the Hittcrest Residence. This has what are called intermittent houses. The typical
resident can function on his own with minimal supervision. GF was living in the house
where she was working that day. He was a 25 year o~d man, 6 feet tall, and weighing
about 180-190 pounds. She testified that he had a tong history of violence when he lived
at home and in the facility including using weopons against others. On that day, about
1:00 p.m. the work shop where G.F. was working called to say that they had had a
problem with him and he had left. Ms Chapedos and the Grievor left to look for him. They
met him at the office door. He told them that he had taken a Ghetto blaster to work
intending to listen to his own favourite kind of music. He told them that it was the practice
to ask the instructor who would allow only one at a'time. So they suggested to him that
he return and ask the Workshop instructor. He agreed to do that and they waited awhile
to see whether he carried through on it. They then went to the Workshop and the
Instructor verified the story G.F. had told them. But G.F. had not come back. After looking
in a number of places, they called the office and learned that he was in Oakwood-
LJnwood. It is the locked unit and Linwood itself has the time-out room which is a
monitored room where inmates are sent to cool-off. They went there and found him
talking to another Counsellor, Mark Brooks, who was giving him the same advice. G.F.
would have nothing to do with' it. The Hillcrest office called to say that Reynolds (the
Manager) would speak to him. They took him to see Reynolds.
Reynolds told him that he had to work since that was the rule for residents. When
9
all his week-end privileges or stay in his own house (#48)'for the week-end and not cause
any problems and then on Monday talk to the Workshop instructor to see if he could sort
· out his problem. He chose the second option and they escorted him back to house 48.
The witness explained that that house is an EMU (environmenta~ management unit)
house in which the residents are sex offenders or arsonists. It was about 3:00 p.m. and
coverage was just beginning as the residents finish work and have free time in. They put,
him in his bedroom with instructions to do what Reynolds had told him and to coot down.
They returned to the office to get their beepers with the intention of returning to House
48 to assist When a telephone call came indicating that housekeeping staff in the next
house (#. 49) had seen G. F. come down the stairs in House 49 (they are attached with
a fire) and exit the backdoor. The Counsellor in House 48 (Ivana Trovarello) on being
alerted had chased after G.F. The decision was now taken to put him in Linwood and in
total four staff now set out to find him.
A few minutes later Pat,Chapedos followed the other Counsellors after she
telephoned for a vehicle to come to pick G.F. up to take him to Linwood. G.F. was sitting
on the' side of the road between House 40 and 39 on the bush" side of the road. The
four staff members there when she arrived were the Grievor, Eric Morris'(R.C. 3), Mike
Patchell and Ivana Trovarello. G.F, was very excited, yelling and raising his legs up
quickly, She saw the staff members attempting to get a four person restraint on him.
Suddenly, they went flying and G,F, jumped up and moved onto the grassey part. He
walked back towards the bush. He was agitated and exclaiming that they were not going
to take him to Linwood, that he didn't care what Reynolds said; he was going to do what
he wanted to do. The staff followed him and as he entered the wooded area, he bent over
and picked up a tree branch about six inches in diameter and about five to six feet long,
· The witness joined the other staff and they formed a semi-circle facing G.F. He was
swinging the branch and verbally threatening to kill the staff if they tried to get near him,
He also threatened to leave the Centre because he did not like the rules. Other staff
members arrived including Blaine Nicholson. The Grievor and Blaine were talking to G.F.
"Bush was used here by the witnesses in the Canadian sense of an area covered
with trees such as a northern bush which is what this particular area was essentially.
10
quietly in attempt to calm him and to get him to put the stick down. He was backing into
the woods. The technique being used was the defusing technique. But he was still
screaming incoherently and banging the stick on the trees. About at this point, Chapedos
went over to Reynolds' office since he had left instructions to let him know if'there were
any problems. She told him what G.F. was doing. She then returned to join the group. On
the way back she asked another staff member to check on the whereabouts of the van
she had atready requested. Her testimony at this point was that G.F. was beginning to
respond to the efforts of the Grievor and Nichotson to calm him. But he was still banging
the stick against the trees as he retreated along the path through the bush. Shortly
afterwards, Don Reynolds arrived coming up on the witness's right side about 15-20 feet
from her. The Grievor was walking beside him at one point but Chapedos could not hear
whether there was any discussion between them. The Grievor stopped, rejoining the
semi-circle of staff. Reynolds continued walking at a brisk pace towards G.F. He said to
him in a loud firm voice to put the sick down. At this point, G.F. holding the stick in two
hands brought it down and hit the ground with the end of it, breaking the end off it.
Reynolds was about a foot away from him. In her report and in cross-examination, she
stated that there were three swings at Reynolds as G.F. walked backwards. Then G.F,
took a sideways swipe with the stick at Reynolds while Reynolds was making a tackle of
his waist. The stick hit Reynolds catching him on the arm or the side of the face, his
glasses went flying and the two of them fell to the ground as Reynolds grabbed G.F.
around the waist. The two were wrestling and rolling around on the ground and the rest
of the staff intervened to put a proper hold on him. Reynolds tried to speak to him to calm
him down as he lay on the ground on his b~tck with his face up, but G.F. was incoherent
and furious. Chapedos went to the road and cleared out a landscaping van that was
sitting there so that they could transport G.F. to Linwood. He agreed to walk over to the -
van which she had driven closer to the site. After driving him to Linwood, she made out
a situational report, in cross-examination, this witness took the position that in dealing
with a person who is swinging a stick, it is better to back away, but admitted that if you
close witl~ the person, the blow will be minimized as you draw closer to the person as he
swings.
11
'The Grievor, Judy Storey, has worked at Edgar ~.O.C. since March, 1985 and she
has been trained in both physical restraints and crisis intervention. She has also attended
the yearly recertification courses in both as wetl'as the monthly practice sessions. She
agreed with the testimony of Pat Chapedos and added further details. When GF.
attended at Reynolds office, he told him that not' only did he want to be a bum but also
wanted to a baby and wear diapers. On other occasions, he has said he wanted to
treated as dog and wear a dog collar. Don Reynolds told him that he would not treat a
6' 180 lb adult as a baby at any time. Furthermore, when explaining the options to G.F.,
i.e. stay in his own house or go to Linwood for the week-end, Reynolds told him that
Linwood would not be a picnic, by which the Grievor understood Reynolds to mean that
they would put him to work there and he would not just sit in his room and watch
television..After they had returned G.F. to his house and returned to the office, a call
arrived that he had been reported leaving the house, and so the Grievor, Eric Morris and
Mike Pachell set out to find him.. When they found him with Ivana, she was asking him
/
to come along, he was being physically self abusive by biting the back of his hand and
pulling the skin with his teeth. They attempted a four person restraint of him but they did
not get a full restraint on him and he broke away from them. He got on his feet and
started backing along the path to the wooded area. He was threatening the staff with his
hands so they kept a distance.' The Grievor tried to talk to him using calming techniques.
The Gateway staff also now arrived so that there were eight staff present. As he reached
the bush area, he picked up a stick about 5' ~ong which he began swinging against the
trees while he shouted: "1'11 kill you! Come on!" The Grievor and Blaine continued to speak
to him. The stick broke against the trees but he picked up another, bigger stick, about 6;
long and 6" in circumference.
She became aware that Reynolds had been approached about the situation when
she looked up and saw Capedos coming; at that point she saw him approaching with
John Dossey through the short-cut. At that point the semi-circle of Counsellors was about
ten to fifteen feet away from him depending on how quickly G.F. and the group were
moving measured by from the reach of his weapon to the group. The Grievor and Blaine
Nicholson were trying to talk to G.F. to calm him and he was begining to respond. In
12
order to make him rational, they were asking him questions. One of t~ese questions was:
"Why don't you want to go to Linwood?" He replied that he did not want to go to Linwood
to work. To this the Grievor responded: "You might not have to work but you still have to
go to Linwood." He looked at her as if to say "Like really" something which she
considered a very positive response. As she saw Reynofds approach, she tapped Blaine
on the shoulder and backed away to speak to Reynolds. She approached him but he did
not slow down or stop so the Grievor walked with him. She told Reynolds what she had
just said to G.F. and that he did not want to go to Linwood to work. At this point they
reached the semi-circle of Counsellors and the Grievor stopped there. But Reynolds
continued and did not acknowledge anything she had said. As he approached G.F., she
believes he said: "Gordon, put the stick down." G.F. brought the stick down over his head
and hit the ground in front of Reynolds with it." Reynolds who in the Grievor's view could
have retreated, continued towards G.F. who now swung the stick and caught Reynolds
on the side of the head with it. Reynolds then tackled G.F. They then roiled on the
ground. The rest of the staff then ran forward and applied a five man take down approach
to G.F~ The reason was to protect both of them from injury since G.F. had not been
immobilized by Reynolds action. As they took G.F. away, the Grievor noticed that she had
injured her hand. She believes it happened when the five person restraint was being
applied to G.F. in which she was holding his left leg. She went to the BarrJe Hospital and
was required to wear a kind of cotton brace and was on Workers'Compensation for a
week and a half as a result.
Don Reynolds testifed that he started work at Edgar in December 1968 as a
Hospital Aid Attendant. In 1970 he became a Residential Counsellor 1 and then
progressed to level 5 by 1976. In his current position of Manager of Residential
Programming and Services, he is responsible for overseeing the provision of
programming to residents within the Residential Life Department and services i.e.
clothing, shelter, furnishings, toiletries and other household items, There are between
170-180 trainees and about 152 staff. He testified that in 1978, he took a three day
course in Interventive techniques and then again a two day course in 1986. He produced
the Edgar A.O.C. records to support that testimony.
13
Reynolds testified that G.F. was admitted to Edgar A.O.C. in 1'982 and over the
intervening years Reynolds has had various opportunities to meet him. He has from time
to time had conversations with him including about difficulties that he might have. He felt
that he had a very amicable relationship with him. On the day of the incident, Reynolds
had'got a telephone call in his office that G.F. was reported having problems' in the
workshop and was refusing to stay there. He directed him to be sent to his office so he
could speak to him. When G.F. was brought to the office he tried to find out what his
problem was and learned that the shop man would not let him play his radio in the shop.
He exptained to G.F. that the workshop instructor had responsibility for the rules in the
shop and that he had to abide by them. But G.F. said that he would not go back to the
shop and that he wanted to be a bum. At this point, Reynolds told him that he had two
options: 1. return to the shop or return to his house and think about it but would not get
paid if he went to his house. He then left with the staff to return to his house. About 45
minutes later, Chapedos arrived and indicated that G.F. was in the woods and threatening
staff. Reyn~)tds left with Chapedos and John Dossey,a supervisor with whom he had been
having a discussion. They ~ocated G.F. at the rear of'House 40 with a group of staff, who
were in a rough circle aroung G.F. who had a stick in his hand. He testified that he
stopped briefly asking the Grievor what was happening and that she indicated that G.F,
had run' out of the house and was threatening staff with the stick. He then approached
G.F., engaged him in patter: asked him.to put the stick down and talk about his problem.
G.F. then swung the stick in a scything motion from side to side and Reynolds backed
up. He testified that he was still speaking to G.F. trying to defuse the situation. G.F. took
another scything swing at him and Reynolds backed off but G.F. advanced towards him
now swinging overhead and the stick broke on the ground. Reynolds says he was still
talking to him in an attempt to cool him down by offering him alternatives. G.F. had got
another stick from the ground, came forward and took another side swipe at Reynolds.
Then he raised the stick over his head and Reynolds testified that he moved forward to
.get in close to G.F. under his arms. While trying to do that, Reynolds was struck on the
head by the stick and they both went down to the ground. The other staff then moved in
and atttempted to supply restraint, Reynolds extracated himself and rooked aroun(J for his
14 -'
glasses. The staff now had G.F. in a five man restraint.
tn cross-examination, he was asked about G.F.'s background before coming to
Edgar, but was unable to give any detaits. He did agree that he had given the third option
of going to Linwood for the week-end when he had his discussion with him in the office,
It was his view that you should keep 3-4 ' away from the resident during the use of
calming or defusing techniques. He was not able to describe correctly the five man
~h~t when Chapedos came ~o his office ~o repo~ ~ha~ G.F. was in ~he woods ~hre~ening
s~aff, ~ha~ his assistance had been requested. He did no~ have any ~ecoltecdon of S~orey
telling him in ~he woods ~ha~ G.F.-was willing ~o go to Linwood if he did not have ~o work.
In his view, i~ did no~ make sense since a~ Linwood residents were on&y required ~o do
room chores. He did no~ agree with Storey's ~es~imony as ~o ~he fac~s existing at the time
that he ~dved on ~e scene in ~he woods. In his recol[e~ion, she did no~ indicate that she
had establishe~ a rap~ wi~h G.F.; j~st tha~ he was refusing ~o s~ay in the house. He did
no~ agree w}th ~he Grievor's version of the following events, but dig admi~ ~ha~ he did take
~.F. clown by grabbing him around ~he waist The Inte~entive Technique Repo~ ~ha~
filed on t~e incident did no~ men~ion ~hat ~eynolds w~s a~acked by G.F., or ~hat he
tackle~ G.F. Fu~hermore, it was not signed by alt ~he sta~ involved in the application
~he inte~en~ive ~echnique as i~ should have been ~. Reynolds ~esdfied [ha~ he did
notice ~he omission oT his personal role in ~he ~epo~ wbe~ ~e reviewed it and ~pproved
Neva S~evenson is the Manager of S~aff Developmen~ ~nd Training fiecords. As
such she is responsible for organizing all inse~ice ~mining. in 197~ she designed the
physical in~e~tion potion of the Crisis In~e~ention course. Tn 1984/5, ~hey incorporated
~he Cdsis in~e~ention course in~o [ha~. She iden[ified ~hibi~ 9 which was the ~eco~ds of _
~he various courses ~hat Don fieynolds had ~ken. It shows a three day Crisis Inte~en~ion
course, a~ Edgar, ~a~' 15-17, ~986 and also a ~ hour course in Inte~en~ive
Techniques, March ~4-~5, 1986. She assures ~ha~ a c~d is done on eve~ s~aff
~ The Interventive Technique Report (Exhibit 11) states on its face: NOTE: AIl staff
involved in the application of this Interventive Technique must sign this report.
15
and that the card is kept up to date on his/her training. She was personally involved in
the January course but not the March course. She verified that Reynolds had begun a
course just before this hearing began but had not yet. completed it as of the day of her
testimony. Only completed courses appear on the cards. She agreed in cross-examination
with Union counsel that you should not approach an armed client unless there is a danger
to yourself or another. She also did not have any recollection of scheduling Reynolds for
an annual review on physical restraints. She also testified that she would send letters out
to the residential areas with the names on them of everyone up for review. She also
testified that where the client is violent and there is a danger and he has a weapon, there
should be five to six people with someone in charge and then two to three people shoutd
move to try to take 'the client down. They should watch always for any distress in the
client.
Mike Patchetl has been a Residential Counsellor 2 at AOC Edgar since 1981 and
at the time of the incident was responsible for a house of five clients. He is one of the
people who signed the Intervention Technique Report. He was in the office when word
arrived that G.F. had sneaked out of House 48. He already knew that there were
problems that day with G.F. and he went with the group of Counsellors that found him
sitting on the curb and talking with Ivana.' His recollection was that G.F. wanted to go to
Linwood but did not want to do any of the chores. They explained to him that he did have
to do the standard chores and could not be just a guest. G.F. then began biting himself
so they applied restraints. His description of the outcome of the effort to restrain G.F. at
this point was similar tO that of'the other witnesses. When in the woods, his recollection
was that the Counsellors were about 20 feet away from G.F. when he picked up a branch
about ten feet long and began to hit the ground in front of him. They tried to talk to him,
but in his recollection no one took control. Then Reynolds appeared and went forward.
He tried to calm G.F. by talking to him. He struck Reynolds with the stick when he got
fairly close to him. His recollection as to the exact manner in which G.F. was finally taken
down was not too clear. Eric Morris gave much the same evidence. He added that when
they tried to restrain G.F. when he started to bite himself while sitting on the curb, that
he was kicking and' that Storey, Patchell and Storey all got kicked by him. He also
16
recalled that when they were in the bush and G.F. picked up a stick someone said get
Reynolds. He testified that when Reynolds arrived and spoke to G.F., he came under the
impression that G.F. calmed down and he turned around to walk away when he heard
a shout turned back again and saw GF. on top of Reynolds on the ground. He distracted
G.F. and that allowed Reynolds to escape from him. Others then closed in and restrained
G.F. He filled out the Report about an hour after the incident.
ARGUMENT
Mr. Law for the Union submitted that Health and Safety are paramount at Edgar
A.O.C. The staff frequently have to deal with dangerous inmates. G.F. was such an
inmate. The Employer takes this responsibility seriously and has therefore as the
evidence show taken a number of steps to reduce the risk. These include the mandatory
courses on crisis intervention and the requirement for staff certification and continuing
annual and monthly refresher courses. The use of physical force against an inmate is
arrived at only as a last resort. It was the Union's position that the Employer in this
particular situation had breached the terms of the Collective Agreement in two major
ways: 1. The Employer had not ensured that the management employee in question,
namelY, Don Reynolds, was properly trained and current on crisis intervention and
physical restraint. The Union submitted that the evidence shows that Reynolds had not
completed the 1986 training and had not taken the refresher course.
2. The second breach was that Reynolds was negligent himself in not keeping up to date
and in not following the guidelines during the incident with G.F. on July 28, 1989. It was
argued that the staff had the'situation in hand by applying the guidelines when Reynolds
arrived, broke all the rules and detonated the situation.
Counsel for the Union referred the Board to the Occppational Health and Safety
Act, R.S.O. 1980, c. 321 as amended. It provides as follows:
1. In this Act,
2. "competent person" means a person who,
i. is qualified because of his knowledge, training and experience to
organize the work and its performance,
ii. is familiar with the provisions of this Act and the regulations that
apply to the work, and
iii. has knowledge of any potential or actual danger to health or safety
in the work place;
14.-(2) Without limiting the strict duty imposed by subsection (1), an employer shall,
(b) when appointing a supervisor, appoint a competent person;
(g) take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection
of worker; ....
16.-(2) Without limiting the duty imposed by subsection (1), a Supervisor shall,
(c) take every precuation reasonable in the circumstancesfor the protection
of a worker.
Supervisors should be properly trained. He submitted that in this case, Reynolds
was not properly trained and on his own testimony unfamiliar with G.F.'s history of
violence with weopons. He then referred the Board to its decision in Stockwell and
Ministry of Correctional Services, (GSB 1764/87) and Rowe an~ Ministry of Correctional
Services, (GSB 350/89). Lack of training was an issue in the Rowe case. In the present
situation, the Employer had the knowledge that its supervisor was not being kept up to
· date-in the training..Then in the incident, Reynolds broke the rules. The Union requested
by way of remedy that the Board make a Declaration and order that Reynolds be properly
trained and required to keep up to date.
Mr. Patterson for the Ministry submitted that the evidence did not at all show that
the situation had been defused before Reynolds arrived on the scene. He also challenged
the Union's position that the Ministry had been cavalier in not training Reynolds propedy.
He also submitted that Reynolds did not deny that G.F. had a violent background. The
evidence in general shows that before Reynolds arrival, the staff had not had success in
handling the situation, Reynolds did try to calm G.F. For the status of the law, Mr.
Patterson referred us to the Board's decision in M~szko and Ministry of Health (GSB
2511/87) for the proposition that the Employer does not guarantee safety. In his
submission, Reynolds behaviour was not unreasonable and when compared to the failed
18
effort of the staff in trying to restrain G.F. when he was sitting on the curb and
presumably applying the prescribed techniques, compared favourably. Indeed, the staff
effort at that point did not comply with any of the prescribed methods and no body was
accepted by the others to take charge. At the same time, Reynolds when he arrived did
take charge and focused G.F.'s attention on him. He was trying to establish
communication with G.F. while the staff had been too far away and had had to shout at
G.F.
In reply, Mr. Law argued that the Ministry's defence assumes that it was open to
Reynolds to try to solve the problem single-handed rather than follow the Ministry's own
guidelines on crisis intervention. That is clearly not the intention of the Ministry's own
policies.
DECISION
Although there are several factual issues in dispute on the evidence as we have
seen above, a basic picture of the situation is clear and undisputed. Whether or not the
staff on the scene were totally correctly applying the guidelines when G.F. was in the
bush area, they were without question attempting to do so. At worst, the situation had
reached a kind of Mexican stand-off, and at its best, the staff was beginning to defuse the
situation. I must agree with Mr. Law that, in either case, the situation was not all that bad:
G. F. was not an immediate threat to staff since they were so positioned as to be able
to escape should he suddenly go totally berserk and attack them. Furthermore, they were
clearly taking as non-threatening a stance towards him as they could take under the
circumstances. On the other hand, Reynolds' arrival, on the scene did result in an entirely
different situation developing. He did not use the prescribed techniques. In evidence, he
seemed to be somewhat uncertain as to what ail these various techniques were. It seems
that instead of applying recognized techniques, he did attempt tO rely on his own personal
presence and perceived rapport with G.F. to finess the situation and to advance towards
him. ! am not satisfied that he was justified in effect closing with G.F. and seizing hold of
him alone. There was no evidence that such an approach is sanctioned by the official
19
methods taught in the Crisis Intervention courses or as set out in the various Policy
Statements produced in evidence and set out earlier in this Decision. This is not to say
· that Reynolds acted under any improper motives or did not in good faith believe that he
was doing the right thing. What is ctear, however, is that he did not use the accepted and
officially approved methods and the result was most unfortunate and placed him, G.F.
and the rest of the staff at risk.
The Ministry has a heavy responsibility in its care of the developmentally
handicapped. It has a duty to the inmatees in terms of safety to protect them from
themselves and from injuring others. In this effort, it has made an admirable effort to
develop appropriate techniques to handle various crisis situations. No one is suggesting,
of course, that these represent anything more than an art developed over the years after
a great deal of experience. No doubt with more experience, these techniques will be
further developed and improved. But in my view, no one with responsibility can safely
disregard these techniques. They must sure~y be considered in themselves to be the
appropriate techniques in the situations for which they are prescribed. There was no
evidence to contrary and it is Ministry policy. If someone wishes to depart from them then
he or she has to assume the burden of demonstrating why the deParture was jUstified.
In the current situation, I cannot find that Reynolds was justified in departing from the
prescribed methods. Indeed, the fact that he did not keep up in his refresher courses,
probably explains why he did not apply the prescribed techniques. Nor did it set a good
example for a supervisor to be out-of-touch with the prescribed techniques or to consider
them insufficiently importa'nt for him to follow?
1. Given that the supervisor did not follow the Ministry's own policies in terms of
at the least keeping up in his training in the proPer techniques, and did not follow the
· mandatory rules which the Ministry itself has laid down and that the result of his actions
were unfortunate and did place bargaining unit staff in danger if not indeed causing iniury
to a staff member, I must find that the provisions of the Collective Agreement were
violated both by the supervisor, Don Reynolds and by the Ministry in not insisting that he
~ One is reminded of the old army story of the sergeant who tells his men: "Don't do
what i do; do what I say".
20
be kept up to date with the result that he did not in fact follow the proper procedures. It
did not therefore make reasonable provisions for the safety and health of its employees.
within the meaning of s. 18.1 of the Collective Agreement/
2. The Ministry is hereby directed to make whatever arrangements are 'necessary
to provide that Mr. Don Reynolds is immediately brought up to standard with respect to
his knowledge and understanding of Crisis Intervention/Intervention Techniques and that
he continues to take the prescribed courses and training that are required of all
employees so that he wit1 remain current with these various prescribed methods and,
techniques.
3. This Board will remain seised of the implementation of this Decision and this
panel in particular if and when it is available.
Dated at Toronto this 3r~lay of July , 1991 . /~
THOMAS H. WILSON -Vice-Chairperson
Member
D. MONTROSE Member
~' For present purposes, t do not need to engage in a detailed analysis of the
relationship between the Collective Agreement, CECB Act and the Occupational Health
and Safety Act. ~ will simply refer the reader to the analysis in Stockwetl an~ Ministry of
Correctional Services (GSB 1764/87).
-1
APPENDIX A
The Ministry made a preliminary objection at the commencement of the hearing.
At the time of the incident that gives rise to this grievance, the Ministry statbd that Mr.
Reynolds had not been updated on the course within the previous 12 months. {t was the
policy of the Ministry at the Edgar Centre that employees take the course and that they
be updated annually. The Ministry stated that Mr. Reynolds had taken the course at an
earlier time. The Union disputed that. Since Mr. Reynolds had not been updated as the.
policy requires the Ministry conceded the remedy requested in the grievance: in the
Ministry's view the proper remedy would be to require Mr. Reynolds to take the refresher
course. The Union contests that he was in fact certified in 1987.
TheMinis. try's preliminary objection is that since it agrees to the remedy requested
in the grievance, the Board has lost jurisdiction. In this respect, Ministry Counsel referred
the Board to Humenick and Meyer and MNR (GSB 449/89) especially at page 4 where
Vice-Chair Kirkwood states:
In our case, a settlement was reached by the acceptance by the Ministry of the
terms set out in the grievances by the Union, that is, by compensation for the
specific days referred to in the expense forms. It is comparable to a contract which
is made into by the acceptance of an offer. Unlike the interpretation suggested by
the Union's counsel, the offer does not originate from the employer, which is then
to be accepted or to be rejected by the Union, Their offer came from the Union, on
its grievance form which was accepted by the employer.
Mr. Law contested the Ministry's version of the law. He submitted that the
statement quoted from Humenick is in conflict with other decisions including Pelletier and
~ 70/82 and the decision in Government pf Nova Scotia and Nova Scotia
Government Employees Association (1983), 11 LA.C. (3d) 181 as well as the private
sector law set out in that decision. Furthermore, there is always a factor that the Union
is asking for a declaration that the Collective Agreement has been violated and not just
the remedy itself. In this case, as well there is a disagreement about whether Mr.
Reynolds ever was certified.
At the hearing the Board gave'an oral ruling dismissing the preliminary objection.
However, since Mr. Patterson for the Ministry requested written reasons we are including
22
this appendix. At the hearing, the Board was satisfied that there was in deed a factual
dispute between the parties as to whether Mr. Reynolds needed to be certified or
recertified so that there was in fact some actually dispute as to the nature of the remedy.
That alone would be enough reason to dismiss the preliminary objection. Furthermore,
the grievance states that management is in violation of Article 18 of the Collective
Agreement. The Union contests that Mr. Reynolds conduct in the subject incident violated
Article 18: it is my position that the Union is entitled to have that adjudicated by this
Board. The Ministry has not conceded that it is in violation in that regard; it only conceded
that Mr. Reynolds should be recertified. That does not represent the totality of the
difference between the parties and it cannot unilaterally force the Union and Grievor to
accept less than the total panopty of differences and remedies claimed including a finding
and declaration that the Ministry violated the Collective Agreement in its. handling of the
incident. It is of course for the Union and the Grievor to decide what would satisfied them
as a settlement; that is a labour relations judgment on their part. This Board cannot
impose a settlement and indeed is not privy to all the reasons behind the decision to push
forward with the grievance. In this respect, I would refer to Vice-Chair Pritchard's
statement in Pelletier at page 10:
Third, once we were seized of the case, it is no longer open to the employer to
determine unilaterally the suitability of this case for arbitration. Rather the decision
at this stage must be a mutual one, reflecting a genuine settlement of the entire
dispute between the parties, and not a unilateral attempt to avoid addressing the
merits of the real issue in dispute between the grievor and the employer by settling
a position of the dispute between the parties.
In this regard he relied on the decision in United Steelworkers ~and International
Nic_,.ket Co. of Canada ~td. (1972), 24 LA.C. 51 which stated that the Grievor may
continue to grieve for a declaration that the Collective Agreement has been violated even
after the employer has conceded the specific remedy sought. I have no doubt that this
is correct law in private sector arbitration, that Mr. Pritchard was correct with respect to
the Collective Agreement and in any event is the law under section 19 of the CECB Act.
With respect to the reasoning in Humeniuk I note that at page 5 Vice-Chair Kirk'wood
states;
The grievances were individual grievances and did not claim that the collective
agreement was violated nor did it seek an interpretation of Article 17.2.2 (b) which
we were advised was in contention. The union cannot now seek a greater remedy
than that which was set out in their grievance forms. Had the parties wished to
have the interpretation of the grievance resolved, in addition to the reimbursement
sought, it should have instituted individual grievances and a polic~/grievance.
It seems clear to me that the Board in that case considered that alt the existing
disputes in the grievance before it had been resolved. Such is 'not the case before us and
therefore I need decide whether Humeniuk is compatible with Pelletier. I am satisfied that
Pelletier and inco are correct and I am following them.
Furthermore, I would be most hesitant to impose some kind of Special pleadihgs
rule on grievors with respect to the wording in the grivance under "Settlement Desired".
In any event, the actual remedy claimed "recertified/tested in Crisis
Intervention/Intervention Techniques" is sufficiently broadly worded to include the factual
dispute over certification and recertification which Mr. Law claimed was still unresolved.
Accordingly, the preliminary objection is dismissed.