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ZN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATTON
Under
THE CROWN EHPLOYEES COLLECTTVE BARGAINING
Before
THE GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT BOARD
B~TWBEN
OPSEU (Jones)
Grievor
- and -
The Crown in Right of Ontario
(Ministry of Correctional Services)
Employer
BEFORE: R. Verity Vice-Chairperson
J. C. Laniel Member
M. O'Toole Member
FOR THE M. Bevan
GRIEVOR Grievance Officer
Ontario Public Service Employees Union
FOR THE J. Ravenscroft
EMPLOYER Grievance Officer
Ministry of Correctional Services
HEARING June 17, 1991
March 27, 1992
July 13, 1992
2
DECISION
Darren Jones is a Correctional Officer 2 at Metropolitan
Toronto West Detention Centre with approximately six years
seniority. On September 6, 1990, superintendent R. -D. Phillipson
imposed a five day suspension upon the grievor for his involvement
in an incident at "Metro West" on June 28, 1990. In that letter,
the Superintendent alleged that on 'the day in question Mr. Jones
had "used excessive force on an inmate" in circumstances where the
"use of force ... was unreasonable and excessive". In a grievance
filed, Darren Jones alleges discipline without just cause.
The grievor is alleged 'to have viglated so7(1) of Regulation
649 under the Miqistr¥ of Correctional Services A~to The relevant
provision of the Regulation reads:
7.-(1) No employee shall use force against an inmate unless
force is required in order to,
(a) enforce discipline and maintain order within the
institution;
(b) defend the employee or another employee or inmate
from assault;
(c) control a rebellious or disturbed inmate; or
(d) conduct a search,
but where force is used against an inmate, the amount of force
used shall be reasonable and not excessive having regard to
the nature of the threat posed by the inmate and all other
circumstances of the case.
3
The facts in this case are relatively straightforward although
'there are differing versions Qf the incident. On June 28, 1990,
the grievor worked the 1:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. shift in the male
Admitting and Discharge Unit at Metro West. At approximately 1:00
p.m., unit manager Murray Laird called the grievor into his office
to.advise that there had been a problem with two inmates that
morning. Contrary to normal procedure, the inmates had n6t been
changed into street clothes the evening prior to court appearances.
The grievor recalled that on the previous evening, neither inmate
wished to change into street clothes. ' According to Mr. Laird's
evidence, the grievor was "disappointed" and "reacted as though he
had been had by the inmates"% Subsequently at approximately 1:10
p.m., the grievor removed inmate "B" from a unit holding tank (Cell
#1) and escorted him to a corridor near the property room for a
private conversation. The corridor is a narrow passageway four
feet in width.
Thereafter, many of the facts are in dispute. Inmate "B"
testified that he was told by the grievor that he had been given
the opportunity to change into street clothes the previous evening.
In the inmate's words the grievor stated "you're trying to be a
smart ass". The inmate testified that he called the grievor "a
liar" on his return to the holding cell. According to the inmate,
he was again returned to the corridor where he was accused by the
grievor of swearing at him. In his written statement (Exhibit 4),
the inmate stated that while standing "face to face ... about 1-1/2
4
feet apart", the grievor hit him in the 'right ear and knocked him
to. the ground. However, at the heari, ng, the inmate testified that
he was in front of the officer when he was ]lit and that it was "a
sucker punch". The inmate denied th. reatening the officer
physically and denied that he had used abusive language. Following
the incident, the inmate was taken to the strip search area by the
grievor,~ searched by another officer .and then placed in
segregation.
The grievor alleges that he took the imuate into the corridor
area adjacent to the property room "to talk'' to him. According to
the grievor, he wanted to ensure that.the inmate was aware of the
dress procedure for court so that 'the problem would not reoccur.
The grievor testified that on the return to the holding cell inmate
"B" called the officer "a real fucking asshole" The grievor
returned the inmate to the corridor and asked, him to repeat what he
had said. After the inmate denied using .~busive language, the
grievor recalls that he informed him that he was being placed on
"on misconduct". The inmate is alleged 'to have "stepped" or
"lunged" towards the grievor saying "you are a real fucking
asshole" while raising his right arm in a clenched fist at chin
level. The grievor admits hitting the inmate with the fist of his
right hand and that it was a direct hit. Initially, in his
statement to Investigator McMaster, the grievor stated: "I
probably hit him on the left side of the head". At the hearing,
the grievor testified he hit the inmate "on the side of the head".
In light of the threat posed, the grievor maintains that there was
no time to take any alternate action, and that his natural reaction
was to gain immediate control of the inmate.
Supervisor Murray Laird testified that the grievor immediately
reported the incident and state that he wanted the inmate placed in
segregation. When asked why, the grievor is alleged to have
replied that the inmate Called him "a goof" and "a fucking liar~.
In Mr. Laird's words, the grievor appeared "somewhat agitated and
"made no mention of the fact that the inmate had been struck". On
the way to the segregation unit, inmate "B"-complained to Mr. Laird
of blood coming from his right ear. Mr. Laird contacted the health
care unit ~_~ereupon the inmate was given appropriate medical
attention. The accident/injury report indicates that inmate "B"
sustained a "small superficial laceration" (1/2 cm in length) to
the right inner ear.
Upon his return from segregation, Supervisor Laird called the
grievor into his office to enquire if he (the grievor) had hit
inmate "B". Mr. Laird recalled that the grievor readily admitted
doing so and provided an explanation that Mr. Laird was unable to
recall. However, Mr. Laird testified that senior management
expressed immediate concern as to the grievor's actions.
' At the hearing, Mr. Laird testified that initially he was
unconcerned that the grievor failed to promptly report the use of
6
force against the inmate. He attributed that omission to the
grievor's agitated state. However, upon reflection, Mr. Laird
concluded that the grievor had d~liberately attempted to mislead
him.
On July 5, 1990, Clair McMaster was assigned to conduct a
Ministry investigation. He subsequently prepared an Investigation
Report (Exhibit 4) after taking statements from five persons and
reviewing the occurrence reports of .the th~ee officers and the
inmate's health care record. In sum, he testified that the grievor
used poor judgment in applying unnecessary force and concluded that
there were other "methods" the grievor could have used rather than
st~king the inmate in the head. The Investigation Report casts
doubt on the grievor's version of events. ~owever, in cross-
examination, Mr. McMaster acknowledged that it was possible for the
inmate to have been hit on the right side of the head.
Superintendent Phillipson testified that after meeting with
the grievor and his union representative on August 28, 1990, he
"seriously questioned whether the use of force was necessary at all
or that it occurred the way the g~ievor said it did". The
Superintendent was critical of the grievo~'s judgment. In
particular, he felt that there was no need to discuss the clothing
issue with the inmate, %hat the inmate should not have been removed
from the holding cell to a private area without telling another
officer, that the grievor hit the inmate in the head when there
7
were other courses of action available, and that he admitted the
use Of force only after having been confronted by his supervisor.
The Superintendent maintains that he cautioned the grievor
personally in October or November 1989 about "the frequency of his
use of force" and testified that he shared that concern with the
grievor's brother, also a correctional officer at the institution.
Mr. Phillipson testified that even on the grievor's version of
events, "it doesn't justify striking the inmate and knocking him to
the floor". The Superintendent had.serious concerns about the
grievor's credibility in this case. In his words: ,,in the
circumstances of this incident, I don't believe it was necessary to
hit the inmate in the head".
At the hearing, the grievor testified that there was no doubt
in his mind that the inmate ,'was going to strike me". He
acknowledged that he used force against the inmate and agreed that
it was a direct hit. When asked in cross-examination whether the
proper response should have been to block the punch, the grievor
replied that "put in the same predicament again I would do what I
did". According to the grievor, he had no time to back away or
call for help and that his initial reaction wa~ to gain immediate
control of the inmate.
The grievor was unable to recall his first conversation with
Supervisor Laird and acknowledgedat the hearing that "my adrenalin
was flowing" He maintains that he didn't report the use of force
earlier because of his concern to get the inmate out of the
o
Admitting and Discharge area.
CQrrectional officer Del Godin was seated at a de~k in the
property room at the time of the incident.. His attention was
attracted when he heard someone utter the words "you're a fucking
liar". According to his evidence, he leaned back in his chair and
observed the grievor and inmate "B" some 10 to 15 feet away in the
corridor. Mr. Godin observed the inmate raise his right hand "in
what appeared to be a fist". He then observed the grievor punch
the inmate in the head with his right fist..~As the-~,mate fell to
the ground Correctional Officer Godin ran into the hallway to
assist the grievor. -By the time he arrived on the scene, the
grievor had picked up the inmate and had him in an arm bar.
According to Mr. Godin's evidence the altercation happened
"instantaneously".
The Employer contends that given the grievor's experience as
a Correctional Officer that he acted in a totally inappropriate
manner. After reviewing the evidence, Ms. Ravenscroft contends
that the incident did not occur in the manner described by the
grievor. In the alternative, Counsel submits that in the absence
of any real threat, the grievor used excessive force in all the
circumstances. In support, the Employer cited the following
authorities: Farvna v. ~horn¥ [1952] 2 D.L.R. 354 (B.C. C of A);
0PSEU (Fred Cull¥} and Ministry of Health 357/83 (Draper); Russell
9
ThomDson et al and Ministry of Correctional Services 128/78 (Swan);
OPSEU (Karl Van't Hullenaar) and Ministry of Correctional Services
555/81 (Jolliffe); and W. G. Gillies and Ministry of Correctional
Services 129/77 (Pritchard).
The Union maintains that, unlike the inmate's version of
events, the grievor's testimony is credible. In particular, the
argument was advanced that one punch cannot be characterized as
excessive force. Mr. Bevan was critical of the lack of involvement
of Superintendent Phillipson in failing to speak with Correctional
Officer Godin and, in effect, ignoring his evidence. Mr. Bevan
asked the panel to discount the evidence of Superintendent
Phillipson as to counselling about.the use of force in the absence
of any record of that counselling. ''The thrust of the' Union's
evidence was that the grievor had a split second to make a decision
and that he used the proper force necessary to defend himself. The
Union cited the following authorities: OPSEU (Kulmatyck¥) and
Ministry of Correctional Services 418/84 (Verity); OPSEU (Fraser)
and Ministry of Correctional Services 1674/89, 1675/89, 1684/89
(Dissanayake); OPSEU (Faler) and Ministry of Correctional Services
218/89 (Fisher); OPSEU (Hyland) and Ministry of Correct~onaI
Services 106'2/89 (Ratushny); and T. Jones and Ministry of
Correctional Services P/0012/89 (Willes).
The incident, quite properly we think, was the subject of a
Ministry investigation. Inspector Clair McMaster cast doubt as to
the grievor's version of 'events in his Investigation Report
(Exhibit 4) where he states under "Findings'" at paragraph 7:
It was established~that Mr. Jones and the inmate had been
facing each other approximately two to three feet apart. The
fact that Mr. Jones struck "B" on the right side of his head
with his (Jones') right fist suggests the inmate was turning
away, perhaps trying to avoid the blow. Had he been stepping
forward at such close range, it seems natural that the blow
would have landed on the left side of "B's" head or face.
In any event, this obvious fact casts doubt on the version of
events with respect to the punch, as put forward by Mr. Jones
and the witness Del Godin ....
However, in cross-examination Inspector McMaster agreed that
on the grievor's version of the incident it was possible for the
inmate to have been hit on the right side of the head. Based on
the Investigation Report, it is L quite understandable that
Superintendent Phillipson would "seriously question" whether the
incident occurred as described by the grievous.
On the totality of the evidence adduced, we are satisfied that
the grievor's account of the incident, corrc,borated as it was in
material respects by Correctional Officer Godin, is the more
probably account of what transpired. We did not find inmate "B" to
be a credible witness. In our view, Mr. Godin who testified in a
straightforward manner was a credible witness. ~e accept the
grievor's evidence that the inmate used abusive language as
alleged. We also accept his evidence that the inmate posed a
threat of physical attack.
11
However, despite our finding, in the particular circumstances
'of this case, it is our view that the grievor used poor judgment in
a number of respects. The confrontation would appear to have been
initiated by the grievor following a discussion some ten minutes
earlier between the .grievor and Supervisor Laird. The evidence
satisfies us that the grievor was upset about the inmate's request
to be changed into street clothes the morning of his Court
apPearance when, as the grievor claims, he had rejected that
opportunity the previous night. In our view, the timing and
location of the subsequent discussion between the grievor and the
inmate in a narrow four foot corridor was ill-advised. If indeed
he felt compelled to speak to the inmate, the grievor should have
discussed any concern at a later date in the presence of a second
officer~
In the'particular circumstances of this case, we cannot agree
that the use of force was either necessary or reasonable. In our
view, in light of the threat posed, the grievor used poor judgment
in striking the inmate in the head. The force of the punch was
sufficient to knock the inmate to the ground. There were, of
course, a number of'alternate actions that the grievor could have
taken such as blocking the punch. In the close confinement of a
four foot corridor, it is unrealistic to suggest that the grievor
could have stepped backwards. However, in addition to blocking the
punch, the grievor could have stepped to the side and issued a
command. In our view, the grievor's use of force in these
12
circumstances was totally inappropriate and unwarranted. We do not
mean to suggest, however, that there may not be circumstances where
striking an inmate is a justifiable action by way of self-defence.
In our view, this is not such a case° In the result, we find that
the grievor used unreasonable and excessive force in the incident
with inmate "B" on June 28, 1990 contrary to s.7(1) of Regulation
649 under the Ministry of Correctional Services Act.
Is this the appropriate case to modify the penalty imposed
under s.19(3) of the Crown EmDlgYees CollectSv9 Barqainin~ Act?
The grievor has no previous disciplinary record.
Superintendent Phillipson testified that in October or November of
1989 he counselled the grievor on the frequency of his use of force
on inmates. The grievor recalls no such conversation. In the
absence of any record of previous counselling, we place no weight
on any such evidence. It is, however, a matter of some concern to
this panel that the grievor persists in his failure to recognize
that his actions on the day in question .were in any way
inappropriate. Similarly, we are concerned that the grievor failed
to make prompt disclosure of the use of force until confronted with
that fact by Supervisor Laird. Obviously,'he should have made full
disclosure at the earliest possible opportunity. We are not
satisfied that there are sufficient reasons to modify the penalty
imposed. In our view, the five day suspension imposed by the
Employer falls within the range of a reasonable disciplinary
13
response. In the result, this grievance is dismissed.
DATED at Brantford, Ontario, this lO=h day of September,. -1992.
R. '~.. VE~ZTY, Q-C- - VIC~"C~AZRP~RSON
J~ LANiEL - NRNBRR
M. 0 ' TOOLE - ME~IBEi~