HomeMy WebLinkAbout1991-2855.Wilson.95-04-13 CNTARIO EMPLOYES DE LA ¢OURONNE
CROWN EMPL 0 YEE$ DE L 'ON TA RIO
GRIEVANCE COMMISSION DE
SETTLEMENT REGLEMENT
BOARD DES GRIEFS
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GSB # 2855/91
OPSEU # 92C021
Onde~
THE CROWN EMPLOYEES COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ACT
Before
TaB ~R~EV~CE
BETWEEN
OPSEU (Wilson)
Grtevor
The Crown in, Right of'Ontario --
,. (Ministry* of Health) ~. ..
.... Employer
BEFORE: O. Gray , Vice-Chairperson
J. Carruthers Member
D. Montrose Member
FOR THE J. Monger '
GRIEVOR Counsel
Gowling, Strathy & Henderson
Barristers & Solicitors
FOR THE W. Hayter:
EMPLOYER Counsel
Genest, Murray' DesBrisa~, Lamek
Barristers &''Solicitors
HE~RIN~ March 22, 1995
DECISION
For reasons given in our decision of February 22, 1995, on December 6,
1994, we orally granted the employer's request for an order which required that
the grievor submit to a psychiatric examination. On March 22, 1995, we orally
granted the employer's application for what amounted to an enlargement of the
earlier order. The enlargement requires that the grievor subm/t to psychological
testing in aid of that psychiatric examination. This decision confirms that further
order and sets out our reasons for making it.
Background
The nature of the grievance and the issues raised in the proceedings were
described in detail in our decision of February 22, 1995. We will not repeat those
here, beyond noting that the grievor claims that the employer's treatment of her
breached Article 18 of the part/es' collective agreement and caused her mental
ham culminating in a depressive episode which prevented her from working .
from roughly August 1992 to July 1993, and that she seeks damages covering
the loss of vacation credits used to top up her short term disabil-
ity benefits during her absence due to the depression she says
was caused by the employer,
,the cost of the psychological counseling she received from and
after August 1992, and
o the shor~ fall between the short term disability benefits and the
wages she would have earned had she been able to continue
working during the period of her absence due to the depression
she says was caused by the employer,
as well as damages for mental anguish.
For reasons outlined in our decision of February 22, '1995, we earlier con-
cluded that· the employer should have the opportunity of an independent Psychi-
atric examination of the grievor with respect to the nature and cause of the de-
pressive episo(/e which formed the reason for her sick leave from'roughly August
1992 to July 1993. There being no objection to the qualifications or independerme
of Dr. Bloom, the psychiatrist proposed by the employer, we accepted_ the em-
ployer's request that he be authorized to conduct the examination.
At the 'hearing ~f December 6, 1994 at which we ruled that we Would order
that the grievor submit to examination by Dr. Bloom, counsel for the employer
asked that we also order that she submit to psychglogical testing in such manner
and by such psychologists as Dr. Bloom migh{ consider appropriate after he has
begun his own examination. Counsel said Dr. Bloom had told him it was possible
that he might wish to have the benefit of such testing. We declined to make that
additional order at that time, and observed .in our decision of February 22, 1995
that
If Dr. ~loom concludes that such-testing is desirable, he will not doubt tell '
employer counsel what tests he thinks should be conducted, and by whom. We ' -
would expect employer counsel to rhea disc. uss the matter with union counsel, in
an effort to secure agreement. It would only be in the event that the grievor
refused to submit to testh~ requested by Dr.. Bl.oom that we would have to
return to this issue.
Dr. Bloom ~id conclude that psychological testing would assist him in his
inqmry. He invited Ms. Wilson to confer with her Counsel about whether to con-
sent to such testing. Her conSent was not forthc~ming.
As events unfolded between December 6, 1994 and the scheduled con-
tinuation date of March 22, 1995, there Was not time either to get a ruling on the
psychological testing issue or to get Dr. Bloom's report into the ~mnds of union
counsel before March 2 I. The Parties appeared to recognize that any attempt to
£LX either side with exclusive responsibility for these timing problems would be
unwise in the circumstances. At the conclUSion of Dr.. Bloom's' examination in
chief, union counsel asked that the cross-ex~mination'be scheduled for another
day, so he could get advice with respect to the report, coUnSel for the employer
agreed. The earliest available date for continuation was May 10, 1995. In view of
that, the employer asked that we deal with the psychological testing issue.
Dr. Bloom testified before us that psychological tests can assist in identi-
fying personality disorders, and also that the admin/stration of such tests and
the interpretation of their results falls within the exclusive domain of psycholo-
gists. He regularly engages the services of forensic psychologists to assist in his
forensic psychiatric examinations. He would prefer to do so here. The hypothesis
at which he has arrived based on his interviews of the grievor is that some per-
sonality disorder was in play. This was onIy a hypothesis, he emphasized, but
one which psychological testing might either comqrm or refute. He also acknowl-
edged that the results of such tests might do neither, and that the absence of test
results did not prevent him from expressing an opinion on the question asked of
him. He said, however, that he would be lacking in thoroughness if he did not
seek the information that testing could provide.
With respect to the way he would have arranged such testing, Dr. Bloom
explained that he would normally write a letter of instruction to the psychologist
to explain the reason for the referral. He would also make available to the psy-
chologist all of the material he had. He would leave it to the psychologist to de-
termine what tests to administer. The psychologist would want to interview the
subject, having regard to his or her own professional obligations. Dr. Bloom ex-
pected that in this .case a psychologist would probably administer an MMPI
(Minnesotta Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and an MCMI (Millon Clinical
Multiaxial Inventory) why. He thought the psychologist would probably also
administer some form of intelligence test, and perhaps Other tests as well.
in questioning by union counsel on this issue, it was put to Dr. Bloom that
the proposed testing was intrusive. Dr. Bloom replied that by compa.rison with
what can be done in medicine and psychiatry, it wasi not at all intrusive. He said
he would not expect something untoward to happen to someone taking such tests
"unless there was something else going on." We took,it that this "something else"
would be something he had not been told of or detected in the grievor. Union
counsel did not suggest to Dr. Bloom that there something particular to be con-
cerned about in Ms. Wilson's case.
Counsel for the union opposed the request that the grievor be ord&red to
submit to examination by a psychologist. He argued that such testing was intru-
sive. It might not yield useful results, and the absence of test results had not
-4-
prevented Dr. Bloom from expressing an opinion. What was sbught amoUnted, he I
said, to a fishing expedition. He again questioned the employer's motivation. He
also argued .that the "fairness" rationale relied upon by emplOyeP counsel earlier
v/hen seeking the order that the grievor submit to examination by Dr. Bloom did
not apply here because Dr. Wood (the grievor's therapist and expert witness) had
not administered or relied on the results of psychological tests in arriving at his
opinions. . ..
We rejected union counsel's arguments. We had already concluded that -
Since the grievor had put her mental condition and the cause df it in issue,' fair-
ness required that the employer 'have-the benefit of an independent examination
of her mental state. In coming to that conclusion we. said that'
We are not comfortable with the notion that an order that a grievor submit to an
independent physical or mental examination should only be granted when the
arbitrator finds the evidence of experts called by the proposed examinee to be
"inadequate or equivocal." Such a test requires the arbitrator to prejudge issues '
which the party applying for the order must necessarily be arguing that the
arbitrator cannot fairly'judge until after hearing the result of the requested
examination. We are equally uncomfortable, and for the same reason, .with any.
suggestion that such an Order should only be granted ff the arbitrator concludes
that the resultant evidence is or will become "necessary or desirable."
The entitlement to the examination arose from the grievor's having put her men,
tal condition in issue, not from the nature or strength of the evidence she had of- ,
feted in connection with .that.issue.· .
The issue for our determination at this stage was the apprc~priate scope of
the examination,, having already determined that some examination was appro- '.
priate. Like the question of entitlement to an examination, the question of scope
should focus on the nature of the issue raised by the grievor, not on the nature of -
t.he evidence she chooses to present on that issue. In principle, the methodology
chosen by the grievoFs expert to. address the issue should not constrain the
~hoice of methodology of the expert retained by the employer to conduct an inde-
pendent examination.
The question of psychOlogical testing was raised with us when we made
our initial order. We deferred it, preferring to deal with it only if Dr. Bloom foUnd
it necessary and the parties could not then agree. Dr. Bloom did conclude that
psychological testing would be desirable. The matter was not pursued thereafter
in quite the way we anticipated in our decision of February 22, in part due to the
problems of timing to which we have averted, but it was pursued nevertheless.
The grievor has refused to submit voluntarily, and we have been asked to return
to the issue, as we said we would in those circumstances.
Dr. Bloom has concluded that thoroughness warrants that he consider the
results of tests which he must retain someone else to perform, and has offered a
plausible rationale for that view. We have rejected the argument that Dr. Bloom
should not be permitted to do what Dr. Wood chose not to do. The other argu-
ments raised by union counsel reprised arguments made against the granting of
the original order. They then persuaded us only to impose sensible restrictions
on the use outside our hearing of the information generated by the examination.
They were no more persuasive in this context.
We were persuaded that the order made orally on December 6, 1994 and
confirmed in our written decision of February 22, 1995 should be enlarged to
permit Dr. Bloom to retain a qualified, independent psychologist for the purposes
he described, subject to certain restrictions. Having so concluded, we advised the
parties of our conclusion on March 22. There was then a discussion about how
union counsel could have an opportunity to consider the qualifications and inde-
pendence of the psychologist selected by Dr. Bloom and address any concerns in
that respect in a timely way. Employer counsel said he would promptly advise
union counsel of the identity and qualifications of the psychologist to whom Dr.
Bloom proposes to make the referral. Union counsel said he would raise any ob-
jection within a few days thereafter. Counsel agreed that as an objection was
unlikely, we need not propound in advance procedures for dealing with one.
Our formal order follows. We wish to emphasize, however, as we did on
March 22, 1995, that the issue on which the now enlarged examination is to be
focused is the nature and cause or causes of the depressive episode which formed
the reason for the grievor's sick leave from roughly August 1992 to July 1993.
Examination into any particular aspect of the grievor's mental state, past or pre-
sent, is appropriate only to the extent that its result could arguably bear on that
issue.
Formal Order
We hereby confirm and elaborate on our oral orders of March 22, 1995:
1. The grievor ·shall submit to an interview and tests (oral and/or written)
conducted by a qualified and independent psychologist selected by Dr. Hy Bloom
for the purpose of assisting Dr. Bloom in finalizing his medical legal report on
the nature and cause or causes of the depressive episode which formed the rea-
son for the grievor's sick lea,~e from roughly August 1992 to July 1993. The psy-
chologist may administer an MMPI (Minnesotta Multiphasic Personality Inven-
tory), an MCMI (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory) and any other oral or writ-
ten test which the psychologist considers necessary to properly interpret the r4-
suits of the MMPI and MCMI tests.
2. Before(the selected psychologist receives any material or enters into the
assignment, he/she is. to be' given a copy' of this order.. His/her Proceeding with
'the' assignment and/or considering any material which may be provided in that
connection Shall constitute an undertaking by the psychologist to the parties and
to this board that informatiOn he/she receives or generates as a result'is to be
kept confidential and not communicated except in accordance with this order or
further order Of the Grievance Settlement Board.
3. Dr. BloomLmay provide 'the psychologist with such information as he con-
siders appropriate in the circumstances, including the clinical notes of Drs.
Wood, Broughton and Eisen which were provided to him pursuant to previous
orders.
4. The psychologist's report, together with copies' of all of his/her interview
notes.and test data, shall be delivered to Dr. Bloom, who shall forthwith provide
copies to Mr. Hayter. Mr. Hayter shall forthwith provide copies to Mr. Monger (or
as he or the union may direct). In the event Dr. Bloom prepares a supplementary
report to Mr. Hayter, a copy is to be provided forthwith to Mr. Monger (or as he
or the union may direct). For the purpose of taking the employer's instructions,.
Mr. Hayter may discuss the contents of any of the foregoing documents with Ms.
Vered Gorewicz.
Except with the consent of the union, or upon further order of this Board,
a) only the grievor, union counsel, Dr. Bloom, Mr. William J. Hayter and
Ms. Vered Gorewicz shall be permitted to review or be told of the con-
tents of any report, notes or data prepared gathered by the aforesaid
psychologist, and
b) no use shall be made of any such report, inotes or data except for pur.
poses of these proceedings.
Dated at Toronto this 13 day of tprit,1995.
~O~~e~~V ~ray~', ~¥1ce C lr
hers, Member-