HomeMy WebLinkAbout2002-2077.McIlwain.05-01-31 Decision
Crown Employees Commission de ~~
Grievance Settlement reglement des griefs
Board des employes de la
Couronne
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GSB# 2002-2077
UNION# OLB425/02
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION
Under
THE CROWN EMPLOYEES COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ACT
Before
THE GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT BOARD
BETWEEN
Ontano LIqUor Boards Employees' Umon
(McIlwaIn) Union
- and -
The Crown In RIght of Ontano
(LIqUor Control Board of Ontano) Employer
BEFORE Michael Watters Vice-Chair
FOR THE UNION JulIa Noble
Counsel
Ontano LIqUor Boards Employees' Umon
FOR THE EMPLOYER AlIson Renton
Counsel
LIqUor Control Board of Ontano
HEARING October 26 & 27 December 7 2004
2
DeCISIon
At the time material to this dispute, the grlevor, Mr Bill
McIlwain, worked as a casual Customer Service Representative at
Store #133 in Petrolia, Ontario His grievance dated September
30, 2002 ralses, inter alia, the following two (2 ) lssues
i) Was the grlevor entitled to a paid fifteen
(15)minute rest period, under article
31 1 (d) (i) of the collective agreement, on
the occaSlons he was scheduled to work a
four (4 ) hour shift on Sundays, from 12 00
noon to 4 00 pm, In the approximate period
April to October, 2002,
ii) Did Mr Bob Poulin, the District Manager,
arrange for, and effect, the grievor's
transfer In October, 2002 to Store #202 In
Sarnia, Ontario In retaliation for the
latter's refusal to abandon his complaint
and for his ultimate filing of the grlevance
concernlng entitlement to a paid rest
period
To date, there have been SlX ( 6) days of hearings on the
merits of the grlevance The parties used three (3) additional
days, these being October 26, October 27 and December 7, 2004,
to present legal argument In respect of three (3) procedural
lssues These lssues, simply stated, are as follows (i) lS
the Union entitled to lead similar fact evidence concernlng a
large number of incidents In which Mr Poulin allegedly
intimidated and/or threatened employees who attempted to
exerClse their collective agreement rights, (ii) lS the Union
entitled to lead extrinsic evidence to establish that article
3
31 1 (d) (i) lS either patently or latently ambiguous, and (iii)
lS the Union entitled to lead extrinsic evidence to create an
estoppel against the Employer
SIMILAR FACT EVIDENCE
The parties filed a statement of Agreed Information for
purposes of providing some context for the procedural dispute
relating to the introduction of similar fact evidence The
information, In substance, lS a summary of the anticipated
evidence of the Union witnesses I note, for the record, that
paragraph #1 of the Agreed Information provides the following
stipulation
"1 This Agreed Information will be
introduced as an exhibit to address the
Employer's objections to some of the
evidence the Union has advised it will
tender In the McIlwain Arbitration The
Parties agree that once Vice-Chair Watters
lssues his decision about these objections,
this document will no longer be an exhibit
and will not be relied upon by the Parties,
"
I attach the statement of Agreed Information to this award
The Employer objects to the Union's request to adduce the
similar fact evidence set out In the Agreed Information The
Employer's position may be summarized, as follows
(i) the Union seeks to adduce the similar fact
evidence In order to show a disposition or propensity
on the part of Mr Poulin towards unfair and
inappropriate conduct Counsel for the Employer argued
4
that similar fact evidence cannot be admitted for this
purpose It was her submission that for such evidence
to be admissible, it must relate to an lssue relevant
to the proceeding, other than disposition towards
lmproper conduct On her analysis, the evidence
sought to be introduced lS both collateral and
irrelevant to the distinct lssues raised In Mr
McIlwain's grlevance,
(ii) the Union has failed to establish that the
evidence falls within the exception to the general
rule excluding evidence gOlng merely to disposition
More specifically, counsel for the Employer submitted
that the Union has not demonstrated that the probative
value of the proposed evidence outweighs its
prejudicial effect It was the thrust of her argument
that, to the contrary, the prejudicial effect on the
Employer far outweighs any probative value the
evidence might have In respect of the specific lssues
in dispute,
(iii) counsel for the Employer acknowledged that In civil,
as opposed to criminal, matters, it lS arguable that
the test for the admission of similar fact evidence lS
more liberal In the sense that such evidence may be
received if logically probative to the case and if its
introduction would not be unfair or prejudicial to the
5
opposite party Counsel asserted that the Union has
also failed to satisfy this lesser standard,
(iv) the Union has failed to show that there lS a "striking
similarity" between the circumstances present In the
case of this grlevor and the incidents and events
outlined In the statement of Agreed Information
Counsel for the Employer reviewed the aforementioned
statement at some length She noted that many of the
incidents alleged, such as those involving Mr Steve
Bechard, Mr Ron Mitchell, Mr Bob Sussex and Mr John
Nenez, do not relate to transfers and, accordingly,
cannot properly be considered as evidence of similar
facts,
(v) counsel for the Employer further noted that the 1997
Labour Board Application filed by the Union and the
grlevances filed by Mr Mike Furey, Mr Rick Chrysler
and Mr Guy Jeremschuk were all resolved by Minutes of
Settlement Counsel stated that the Employer did not
file a response to the 1997 application, as it
believed the matter was fully and finally resolved by
the settlement She argued that it would be
prejudicial for the Employer to now have to defend
itself against the allegations some seven (7 ) years
after the fact She, similarly, asserted that it
would be unfair for the Employer to have to defend the
6
three (3) aforementioned grlevances which it also
believed were fully and finally resolved Counsel
argued that if the Union lS permitted to pursue these
matters, this Vice-Chair may potentially be called
upon to make adverse findings against the Employer In
respect of matters that were fully and finally
settled It lS the thrust of the Employer's position
that this could seriously undermine the sanctity of
the settlement process Counsel, therefore, asked
that the Union not be permitted to lead evidence about
the circumstances surrounding the 1997 Labour Board
Application and the Furey, Chrysler and Jeremschuk
grlevances,
(vi) counsel for the Employer observed that a number of the
allegations In the Agreed Information are either
untimely or are being raised as lssues for the first
time She argued that it would be prejudicial to
requlre the Employer to respond to such allegations at
this time Counsel also noted that a number of
additional witnesses will have to be called if I
permit the Union to proceed with the similar fact
evidence She submitted that this would serve to
significantly prolong this case and could result In
this Vice-Chair having to make unnecessary findings on
credibility In respect of matters that are purely
7
collateral, and not central, to the instant dispute,
(vii) counsel for the Employer submitted that the Union's
attempt to introduce matters which are now before the
Ontario Labour Relations Board, In the form of the
2003 Application, amounts to an abuse of process She
maintained, agaln, that the hearing will be
significantly lengthened if the matters In the 2003
Application are addressed In this proceeding Counsel
also asserted that the Union, In effect, lS asking me
to determine the very lssues filed with the Ontario
Labour Relations Board,
(viii) lastly, counsel for the Employer put the Union on
notice that she would object to any attempt by the
Union to lead hearsay evidence In respect of the 1997
Labour Board Application More specifically, she
argued that Mr Steve Saysell, a Grievance Officer
with the Ontario Liquor Board Employees' Union, would
not be an appropriate witness on this area as he was
not employed by the Union until 1999 Counsel
expressed the oplnlon that the initial grlevor, Ms
Gauvin, would be the most appropriate witness
Counsel for the Employer asked that I provide a ruling on
the admissibility of the similar fact evidence rather than
recelve it subject to a reservation as to admissibility and
weight She referred to the following authorities In support of
8
the Employer's position R v B (C R ) , (1990 ) 1 S C R 717,
Regina v Smith (1992) , 94 D L R (4th) 590 (S C C ) , Regina v
Handy (2002) , 213 D L R (4th) 385 (S C C ) , Re Canadian Pacific
Hotels Corp (Royal York Hotel) and Hotel Employees, Restaurant
Employees Union, Local 75 (1996) , 58 LAC (4th) 42 ( S a I tman) ,
Re Religious Hospitallers Of Hotel-Dieu Of st Joseph Of The
Diocese Of London and Ontario Nurses' Association (1995), 47
LAC (4th) 84 (Watters) , Re Windsor Board of Education and
Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario (1982) , 3
LAC (3d) 426 (Gorsky) , Re Eurocan Pulp and Paper Co and
Communications, Energy and Paperworkers' Union of Canada, Local
298 (2000) , 93 LAC (4th) 95 (Hope) , Re Cambridge Memorial
-
Hospital and Service Employees International Union, Local 204
(1996) , 59 LAC (4th) 195 (Brent) , Re Toronto Police Services
Board and Toronto Police Association (1999), 82 LAC (4th) 129
(Marcotte) , Re Les Suites Hotel and Hospitality and Services
Trade Union, Local 261 (2003) , 119 LAC (4th) 122 (Dumoulin) ,
Re Corporation of County of Norfolk and Building Service
Workers' Union, Local 220 (1973) , 4 LAC (2d) 108 (Hanrahan) ,
Re Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital and Ontario Nurses' Association
(1997) , 62 LAC (4th) 164 (Picher) , Ontario Public Service
Employees Union (Dale et al ) and Ministry of Health and Long-
Term Care, GSB Nos 0783/00, 1314/00, 0883/01 (Abramsky) , Re
-
Toronto Transit Commission and Amalgamated Transit Union, Local
113 (1993) , 34 LAC (4th) 85 (Shime) , Canadian Union Of Postal
9
Workers and Canada Post Corp (McConnell Grievance) , (1997 )
C LAD 163 (Thistle) , R v Biddle (1995), 123 D L R (4th) 22
(S C C ) , Krause v The Queen (1986) , 33 D L R (4th) 267
(S C C ) , Re Laurentian Hospital and Ontario Nurses' Association
(1997) , 67 LAC (4th) 289 (Pineau) , Ontario Liquor Boards
Employees' Union v Liquor Control Board of Ontario, GSB No
329/98 (Harris) , Ontario Liquor Boards Employees' Union (Wicken)
v Liquor Control Board of Ontario, GSB No 2216/97 (Knopf) , Re
London Public Library Board and Canadian Union of Public
Employees, Local 217 (1996) , 55 LAC (4th) 361 (Picher)
The Union asserts that I should permit it to adduce the
similar fact evidence set out In the Agreed Information The
Union's position on this aspect of the dispute may be summarized
as follows
i) I have the requisite jurisdiction to recelve the
evidence under section 48 (12) (f) of the Labour
Relations Act, 1995 This section provides that an
arbitrator has the power "to accept the oral or
written evidence as the arbitrator , In its
discretion considers proper, whether admissible In a
court of law or not",
ii) the similar fact evidence lS relevant evidence that I
need to hear In order to determine whether the conduct
complained of In the grlevance lS indicative of an on-
gOlng pattern of misconduct on the part of Mr Poulin
10
In the form 0 f reprisals and intimidation of employees
who attempt to exerClse their contractual rights,
iii) the similar fact evidence lS relevant to the remedies
the Union requested on the first day of hearing,
including
1 An order directing the Employer to
discipline the District Manager,
Mr Poulin, and the Acting
District Manager, Mr Loupos, for
their threatening and intimidating
conduct towards the Grievor and
for the interference in the
representation of the employees by
the Union,
2 An order directing the Employer to
post, in a conspicuous place In
every store in the Grievor's
District, a statement outlining
and confirming the rights of
bargaining unit employees to file
a grievance pursuant to the
collective agreement and the Crown
Employees Collective Bargaining
Act, 1993, and to otherwise
participate in the lawful
activities of the Union, such
statement to be signed by
authorized representatives of the
Employer and the Union,
3 An order directing the Employer to
provide training to the District
Manager and the Acting District
Manager with respect to the rights
of employees under applicable
labour legislation and the
collective agreement,
Counsel for the Union argued that these remedies
relate to the allegation that there lS an on-golng
11
pattern of misconduct and that I need to recelve
the evidence about this pattern for purposes of
assessing the appropriateness of the broad remedial
request She submitted, generally, that the evidence
bears on a principle matter in dispute and cannot,
therefore, be viewed as merely collateral evidence,
iv) counsel for the Union also reviewed the statement
of Agreed Information in considerable detail On
her reading, the allegations described therein show
a "striking similarity" to the circumstances
surrounding the grievor's complaint In this
regard, she noted the following (1 ) Ms Gauld was
advised by her Store Manager that Mr Poulin was
considering transferring her out of the Essex Store
to the Leamington Store, as a consequence of her
activities as a Union representative, (2 ) Mr
Jeremschuk was actually transferred from
Store #32 to the Windsor Depot because he continued
to file grlevances for other employees in his role
as a Union steward, (3) Mr Poulin threatened to
transfer Mr Chrysler out of the Blenheim Store, and
(4 ) Mr Poulin frequently communicated his threats
through a Store Manager In the words of counsel,
transfer is Mr Poulin's "reprisal of choice",
v) counsel for the Union observed that Mr Poulin
12
sometimes used "other tactics" She argued,
however, that "the essence" lS similar Again,
to quote counsel, "if you file a grlevance or
assist In filing a grievance or refuse to withdraw
a grlevance, something bad will occur to you"
Reference was made to the following allegations
contained in the Agreed Information (1 )
Mr Poulin threatened to take away privileges, if
Mr Bechard continued to pursue the McIlwain
grlevance, (2 ) Mr Poulin advised Ms Gauvin
that he would immediately post a full-time
vacancy, with the likely result that she would not
be the successful candidate, if she did not withdraw
her grievance,
(3) Mr Poulin threatened Ms Welzel with
discipline for exercising the contractual right to
file a grlevance and subsequently punished her, by
giving her fewer hours, for not withdrawing the
grlevance, (4 ) Mr Poulin advised Ms Welzel that a
requested transfer would be possible, if the
grievance went away, and (5) Ms Gauld was demoted
from an Acting Manager position, and lost a District
Trainer position, because she did not, as
instructed, tell another employee that his grlevance
lacked merit
13
vi) counsel for the Union stressed that, with the
exception of the 1997 Labour Board Application,
all of the allegations listed in the Agreed
Information arose in the Western Region following
Mr Poulin's appointment as District Manager In
2001 She argued that the allegations are similar
to the type of treatment received by the instant
grlevor Counsel submitted that there lS a
"distinctive feature unifying the incidents" and
that the cogency of same "gathers strength from
the number of complaints",
vii) counsel for the Union argued that, pursuant to
the test articulated in the criminal law cases,
the probative value of the similar fact evidence
outweighs any prejudicial effect on the
Employer Indeed, she suggested that prejudicial
effect, in terms of potential impact on a lay
Jury, is not as important a consideration in the
context of an arbitration conducted by an
arbitrator experienced in determining what
evidence lS relevant in law and in fact In
counsel's oplnlon, the similar fact evidence
sought to be introduced here satisfies the civil
law test for admission, that lS, the evidence lS
logically probative and will not be unduly
14
oppressive or unfair to the Employer She
suggested that common sense dictates that the
evidence be considered in all of the circumstances
of this case Counsel further suggested that I
could choose to admit the evidence and then later
determine whether to rely on it or to glve it any
weight,
viii) counsel for the Union argued that it would not be
inequitable for me to hear the allegations
surrounding the Jeremschuk and Chrysler grievances,
notwithstanding that both grievances were settled
She stressed that the Union is not asking me to
actually hear their grievances but, rather, to admit
evidence concerning the surrounding circumstances In
order to establish a course of conduct on the part
of Mr Poulin and a motive for the transfer of the
grlevor Counsel also suggested that a connection
has not been established between the Furey settle-
ment and the allegations outlined at page 8 of the
Agreed Information She submitted that I cannot
conclude that the threat to Mr Furey that he would
not be transferred unless he withdrew two (2 ) other
grlevances lS the matter that was settled,
ix) counsel for the Union disputed the Employer's
submission that the Union's request constitutes
15
an abuse of process She stressed that the Union,
in this proceeding, is not asking me to make
findings or to provide remedies sought in the 2003
application to the Ontario Labour Relations Board
Rather, the Union wishes to rely on the similar
fact evidence to support Mr McIlwain's grlevance,
x) counsel for the Union advised that Ms Gauvin is
no longer an employee of the Liquor Control Board
of Ontario and that she resides outside of Canada
The Union does not know of her precise whereabouts
and, as a consequence, Ms Gauvin will not be called
as a witness Counsel indicated that Ms Jean
Chaykowski, another Grievance Officer with direct
knowledge of the 1997 Labour Board Application,
would be called to testify about same and not Mr
Saysell Counsel submitted that if it was
inappropriate to recelve evidence through Ms
Chaykowski about the circumstances surrounding the
application, I should, nevertheless, recelve
evidence to establish the fact that it was filed
with the Ontario Labour Relations Board
The Union relies on the award in Re Westfair Foods Ltd and
United Food and Commercial Workers, Local 832 (1992) , 29 LAC
(4th) 222 (Steel) in support of its position that the similar
fact evidence should be received and considered
16
In reply, counsel for the Employer argued that the Union
lS, in effect, trying to expand the scope of the instant
grievance with respect to both the nature of the complaint and
the remedy claimed Counsel emphasized that the grlevance lS an
individual, rather than a policy, grlevance and that, on its
face, it requests relief which is personal to Mr McIlwain It
was the gist of her submission that the grlevance, as originally
framed, does not justify resort to the similar fact evidence set
out in the Agreed Information Counsel maintained her objection
with respect to the 1997 Labour Board Application She argued
that it lS immaterial that Ms Chaykowski may be called upon to
testify about the application, rather than Mr Saysell, as In
her submission the evidence would still be hearsay Lastly,
counsel re-iterated that, even if the civil standard is used,
the Union has failed to satisfy the test for admissibility as
the admission of the evidence would be oppressive and unfair
Counsel referenced the following additional authorities
Ontario Liquor Board Employees' Union (Pound) and Liquor Control
Board of Ontario, GSB No 3278/92 (Briggs) , Cammack v Hill,
Estate Trustee of the Estate of Elizabeth Martins (2002) , 63
o R (3d) 47 (Ontario Superior Court of Justice)
The case of R v B (C R ) involved an accused who was
convicted of sexual offences against his natural daughter The
issue on appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada was whether
evidence of alleged prior acts of sexual misconduct by the
17
accused with the daughter of his common law wife should have
been admitted In the course of concluding that the trial judge
did not err in admitting the evidence, McLachl in J, (as she then
was) , made the following comment as to the admissibility of
similar fact evidence
" This review of the jurisprudence leads me to the
following conclusions as to the law of similar fact
evidence as it now stands in Canada The analysis of
whether the evidence in question is admissible must
begin with the recognition of the general exclusionary
rule against evidence going merely to disposition As
affirmed in Boardman and reiterated by this Court In
Guay, Cloutier, Morris, Morin and D (L E ) , evidence
which is adduced solely to show that the accused is the
sort of person likely to have committed an offence lS,
as a rule, inadmissible Whether the evidence In
question constitutes an exception to this general rule
depends on whether the probative value of the proposed
evidence outweighs its prejudicial effect In a case
such as the present, where the similar fact evidence
sought to be adduced is prosecution evidence of a morally
repugnant act committed by the accused, the potential
prejudice lS great and the probative value of the
evidence must be high indeed to permit its reception
The judge must consider such factors as the degree of
distinctiveness or uniqueness between the similar fact
evidence and the offences alleged against the accused,
as well as the connection, if any, of the evidence to
lssues other than propensity, to the end of determining
whether, in the context of the case before him, the
probative value of the evidence outweighs its potential
prejudice and justifies its reception "
(pages 734-735)
McLachlin J also observed "that the better practice In
cases involving highly prejudicial similar fact evidence lS for
the judge to clearly indicate the lssue to which the evidence lS
relevant" (page 738 )
18
In the subsequent case of R v Handy, which related to a
charge and conviction for sexual assault, Binnie J In
delivering the judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada stated
that the " B (C R ) test can thus be taken as stating the law
in Canada" (page 405) He also commented as follows with
respect to the approach to be taken to the admission of similar
fact evidence
"Similar fact evidence lS thus presumptively in-
admissible The onus lS on the prosecution to
satisfy the trial judge on a balance of probabilities
that in the context of the particular case the
probative value of the evidence in relation to a
particular issue outweighs its potential prejudice
and thereby justifies its reception "
(page 405)
In the process of determining that the trial judge erred in
admitting similar fact evidence, Binnie J listed the following
factors to be considered in assessing the cogency of proffered
similar fact evidence (1 ) proximity in time of the similar
acts, (2 ) the extent to which the other acts are similar In
detail to the charged conduct, (3) the number of occurrences of
the similar acts, (4 ) the circumstances surrounding or relating
to the similar acts, (5) any distinctive feature(s) unifying
the incidents, ( 6) intervening events, and (7 ) any other
factor which would tend to support or rebut the underlying unity
of the similar acts
The reasoning in R v B (C R ) was accepted and applied by
Arbitrator M K Saltman in Re Canadian Pacific Hotel Corp She
19
summarized the state of the law, as follows
"To summarlze, evidence of similar acts is not
admissible simply to prove that a person lS of
bad character or that, having engaged in misconduct
on one occaSlon, lS more likely to have engaged in
misconduct on the occasion in question (often
referred as a 'propensity' for engaging in such
misconduct) However, similar fact evidence lS
admissible if its probative value outweighs its
prejudicial effect Probative value lS generally
measured by (1 ) the degree of distinctiveness
between the evidence proposed to be introduced
and the incident in question, and (2 ) the
connection, if any, to a matter in issue other
than propensity (which may, however, include
the issue of credibility) With respect to the
degree of distinctiveness, the cases are clear
that a general similarity between events is not
sufficient Rather a striking similarity is
required to qualify as similar fact evidence "
(page 44)
Arbitrator Saltman, ultimately, concluded that similar fact
evidence, relating to the harassment of other employees by the
supervlsor, should not be received as "there was not a
sufficient degree of 'distinctiveness or uniqueness' to
satisfy the requirement of similar fact evidence" (page 45)
In Re Windsor Board Of Education, the Federation wished to
adduce evidence of specific instances of past sex discrimination
to support its allegation of present discrimination The
Federation's request was rejected by a majority of the Board of
Arbitration The award of Arbitrator M R Gorsky on this point
reads
"We do not know how many cases of specific past acts of
discrimination are intended to be gone into on behalf
of the complainant If we permit such evidence to be
20
adduced, we may be involved In this case for many
months As I understand the position taken on behalf
of the grlevor, the evidence of past acts of discrim-
ination, some of it referable to acts of previous
boards, differently constituted or of acts of members
of administration, past and present, will establish
that" a particular decision having the same result
as earlier decisions also was motivated by discrim-
ination" (Women Teachers' submission, at p 4 )
Such a position lS tantamount to a declaration that
if one had a human disposition to behave In a particular
fashion, then evidence of such disposition, based upon
prevlous examples of its being manifested, ought to be
admissible as evidence that such disposition was agaln
manifested on a particular occaSlon It lS well
established that" evidence of human disposition to
act In a certain manner lS not admissible" see Sopinka
and Lederman, The Law of Evidence in Civil Cases, at
p 23 In Phipson on Evidence it lS stated at p 204,
para 494
facts which are merely similar, however, and
prove nothing more than disposition or likelihood
of repetition, though logically relevant, are
rejected as In criminal cases on grounds of
fairness, Slnce they tend to waste time (and)
embarrass the inquiry with collateral lssues
Even if the evidence of alleged acts of past
discrimination could be admitted as similar fact evidence
to prove "a pattern of discriminatory decision-making from
which an inference can be drawn that a particular decision
having the same result as earlier decisions also was
motivated by discrimination" then such inference
could not be considered conclusive This being the case,
I would exercise my discretion and reject such evidence
See Phipson on Evidence, at p 175, para 442, where it lS
suggested that In such circumstances the similar fact
evidence should be rejected
I am also concerned that the evidence to be adduced
with respect to the alleged past acts of discrimination
would" (require) a time-consuming inquiry of the same
type as the matter In issue" see Sopinka and Lederman,
The Law of Evidence in Civil Cases, at p 16 "
(page 439)
21
In Re Eurocan Pulp and Paper Co , which involved a
grlevance alleging harassment, the Union sought to lead evidence
of past confrontations the supervisor had with other employees
Arbitrator H A Hope admitted the similar fact evidence subject
to the Employer's objection and to an ultimate determination on
the question of weight He subsequently determined that the
evidence did not amount to similar fact evidence of a course of
conduct that could be viewed as harassment and, for that reason,
found that it was irrelevant to the specific grievance being
arbitrated Arbitrator Hope appeared to accept that one (1 )
consideration in deciding whether to admit or reject similar
fact evidence is whether its admission will result In
considerable additional time, expense and delay He commented
as follows on a related point
"Certainly a circumstance in which similar fact
evidence requlres a separate adjudicative
determination with respect to the credibility
of the evidence relied on would, at the least,
ralse a serlOUS question of admissibility "
(page 108)
In Re Toronto Police Services Board, Arbitrator W A
Marcotte rejected the Employer's argument that documentary
evidence concerning the grievor's performance of his duties as a
police officer ought to be admissible as similar fact evidence
in support of an assertion that he was overly aggressive In
dealing with a member of the public He concluded that there
was little probative value in the similar fact evidence In
22
respect of the issue before him and that its introduction would
significantly prejudice the grlevor It lS of some interest to
note that Arbitrator Marcotte addressed the differing treatment
of similar fact evidence in civil, in contrast to criminal,
cases He cited the following excerpt from The Law Of Evidence
in Canada, Sopinka and Lederman, page 577
"Prejudice, which dominates the determination of
admissibility of similar fact evidence in criminal
cases, plays a significantly lesser role in civil
cases, and evidence of similar facts should be
admitted if it lS logically probative of the lssue
in the case as long as, to borrow from the formula
of Lord Denning, it is not unduly 'oppressive or
unfair' to the other side "
(page 157)
I note that the distinction between civil and criminal
cases was the subject of the following comment in Re Cammack
"Usually in civil cases the potential prejudice value,
being at a lower level, will mean the requisite
probative value to offset it will be a lower
level The results of the weighing process may
suggest that the rule lS different in criminal
cases and civil cases, but logic dictates that
this is not so The results simply demonstrate
the sliding scale The principle lS the same
There are civil cases, such as the present one,
where the proffered evidence suggests serlOUS
criminality That potential prejudice ralses
the stakes, despite the fact that it lS a civil
case To be accused of homicide, even in a civil
case, lS a very serious matter The finding could
have wide-ranging and stigmatizing implications
I conclude that the similar fact rule applies equally
in criminal and civil actions"
(page 50)
23
In Re Westfair Foods Ltd , the grlevance accused the
Employer of . . supervisor's abusive behaviour towards
19norlng a
the grlevor The grlevor sought an order compelling the
Employer to requlre the supervisor to treat him in a
professional manner A second health and safety grievance asked
that the Employer rectify the situation in the bakery department
so that safe working conditions were maintained and improved for
the grievor and all other employees in the department The
Union requested that it be permitted to introduce similar fact
evidence indicating abusive behaviour on the part of the
supervisor towards other employees Arbitrator F M Steel
granted this request over the objection of the Employer The
pertinent part of his reasonlng lS reflected in the following
excerpt from the award
" If
the incident with respect to Cory Densley were seen as
an isolated one, this board might very well conclude
that the compliance order requested is wholly
inappropriate On the other hand, if the conduct and
management's response to the conduct lS seen as part of
a general pattern, it might then be appropriate to grant
the discretionary remedy sought Additionally, if the
evidence were not admitted, then it would be almost
impossible for the union to prove a continuing course
of conduct on the part of management in the
administration of art 12 or art 13 of the collective
agreement At this stage, I take the view that the
evidence is helpful to this board in determining a
question relevant to the dispute, that question being
whether the incidents were isolated or were indicative
of a continuing pattern of conduct Later I will
consider whether the evidence compels a finding that
there was In fact a breach of the collective agreement "
(page 228 )
24
Before turning to an assessment of the evidence summarized
in the Agreed Information, it is necessary to first address the
authorities relating to the treatment of prior settlements
In Re Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital and Ontario Nurses'
Association (Picher) , the Board of Arbitration addressed a
number of preliminary objections raised by the Employer as to
the permissible scope of evidence In that case, the
Association sought to introduce evidence of events, which
occurred in the SlX ( 6) year period prior to the filing of the
grlevance, for purposes of establishing a pattern of racial
discrimination in the Hospital over a substantial number of
years The Association also wished to adduce evidence relating
to another nurse, Ms Pat Prima, whose grlevance and human
rights complaint alleging discrimination were settled The
Employer opposed both of the Association's requests On the
issue of relevance to this case, the Board decided against
hearing any evidence concerning the complaints of Ms Prima
The award reads as follows on this point
"
" We have similar concerns with respect to allowing
evidence to be adduced with respect to the treatment
of nurse Prima, to the extent that her human rights
complaint was fully settled on a without prejudice
basis We must have serious pause before proceeding
down a road which might involve us making adverse
findings against the employer in respect of its
treatment of another employee when that very issue
has been quieted by a mutual settlement"
(pages 166-167)
25
-and-
" Further, we do not consider it appropriate to
admit evidence concerning the events which gave
rlse to the complaint of nurse Prima, to the extent
that that matter, including a companion grievance
filed by the Union, was resolved on a without
prejudice basis
"
(page 167 )
In Dale et al , the Grievance Settlement Board addressed a
total of SlX ( 6) grlevances, one (1 ) dated July 3, 1998, another
dated November 2, 2000 and four (4 ) other grievances filed in
2001 The issue before the Board related to the admissibility
of evidence concerning seventeen (17) other grievances filed in
1996 which the parties later settled in March, 1999 The Union
sought to rely on the facts and circumstances underlying these
earlier grievances to support its allegation that the actions
taken by the Employer in the cases before the Board were based
on anti-union animus The Employer, In response, objected to
the introduction of such evidence on the basis that the matters
had been fully and finally settled by the parties
Vice-Chair R H Abramsky in Dale et al accepted the
position advanced by the Employer In reaching her decision,
she observed that the Grievance Settlement Board "has long
recognized the critical importance of settlements and their
enforcement" (page 8 ) The award reads as follows on this
lssue
26
"Once a matter lS settled, the expectation is that the
matter lS resolved and will not reappear In some
different gUlse As the Board held in OPSEU (Pitirri)
and Ministry of Correctional Services, supra at p 12
'With respect to those (grievances) covered by the
settlements, one need only observe that the parties
enter into agreements of this kind with the expect-
ation that their agreements will remain in effect
and that the grlevances that have been resolved by
their terms will not reappear in some different
guise' "
(page 8 )
It lS clear that Vice-Chair Abramsky also relied on the approach
articulated in Re Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital In an effort to
balance the competing interests, she concluded as follows
" The events of 1996 occurred
more than four years before the November 2000
grievance before me and the probative value of that
evidence, given the passage of so many years, lS
relatively limited
On the other hand, the prospect of opening this
hearing to the 17 matters which arose In 1996 and
were settled in 1999, after a lengthy hearing on
those same lssues, glves this Board "serious pause,
both from an equitable and a procedural standpoint"
Procedurally, it would very significantly lengthen
the hearing From an equitable standpoint, requlrlng
the Employer, who believed that these 17 matters were
fully and finally settled as of March 1999, to re-defend
these matters at this late date would be inequitable
and prejudicial Considering the competing interests
involved, the balance of interests favours not admitting
the evidence concerning the 1996 settled grievances
I also note that the Board in Hotel-Dieu Grace
Hospital found it inappropriate to admit evidence
concerning the events which gave rlse to the
complaint of another employee, "to the extent that
that matter, including a companion grievance filed
by the Union, was resolved on a without prejudice
basis " (p 3) The Board stated that " (w) e must
have serious pause before proceeding down a road
which might involve us making adverse findings
27
against the employer in respect of its treatment
of another employee when that very issue has been
quieted by a mutual settlement " (p 2) Although
the settled matters in this case concern the
grlevors rather than another employee, the same
concerns are present in this case "
(page 15)
I note that Vice-Chair Abramsky shared the concern expressed in
Re Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital that acceptance of the Union's
position could involve her in making adverse findings against
the Employer in respect of an issue or lssues that had been
previously settled
In Re Toronto Transit Commission, the grlevor was
discharged for sexual harassment The Union sought to introduce
evidence relating to two (2 ) other employees disciplined in
similar circumstances to show that the grlevor was treated more
harshly One (1 ) of the employees was reinstated by a
memorandum of settlement which provided that the settlement was
entirely without prejudice to either party in any subsequent
case While the Union in the instant case does not seek to rely
on the precise terms of prior settlements, the following excerpt
from Re Toronto Transit Commission speaks to the sanctity
attached to without prejudice settlements
"The practice of having without prejudice settlements
permits the parties to resolve particular situations
without being concerned that the terms of the
settlement will be used in subsequent cases as a form
of precedent or that it will be used against either
party in a detrimental way by the other The use of
the term "without prejudice" allows the parties to
focus on a particular situation without fear that the
28
settlement will have negative connotations in the
future, it lS a labour relations practice that
should be encouraged because it promotes settlement
In this matter the union seeks to use the Virdo
settlement to its advantage and to the disadvantage
or prejudice of the commlSSlon That is precisely
what the phrase "without prejudice" was intended to
guard against That lS the position suggested by
the cases between these parties and, . .
In our Vlew,
it lS supported by both policy considerations and
the actual language used Accordingly, any evidence
concerning the disposition of Mr Virdo's grlevance
lS inadmissible "
(page 88 )
This reasonlng was applied in the later Canadian Union Of Postal
Workers (McConnell) award In that case, the Union was not
permitted to introduce into evidence three (3) Memoranda of
Settlement reached in prior cases where discipline for theft had
been imposed The Arbitrator also determined that the Union was
not entitled to call evidence concerning the circumstances and
background of the three (3) cases In his j udgmen t, a contrary
finding would have eroded the privilege attached to without
prejudice settlements The Arbitrator concluded as follows
"In conclusion, I find that the Union is not permitted
to introduce evidence by way of a Memorandum of
Settlement negotiated on a 'without prejudice' basis
nor can it call evidence describing the details of
such settlement, the reason why it was made and
surrounding circumstances, since this would constitute
information so intricately connected to the grievance
procedure and communications as to render this
information privileged "
(paragraph #32, emphasis mine)
To repeat, the lssue in this case, against which the
request to adduce similar fact evidence must be assessed, lS
29
whether Mr Poulin arranged for the grievor's transfer to store
#202 in retaliation for the latter's refusal to abandon his
complaint and for his ultimate filing of the grlevance
concerning entitlement to a paid rest period I have reviewed
the statement of Agreed Information, in the context of the
applicable jurisprudence, and conclude, as follows
i) the incident involving Ms Gauvin is not
strikingly similar to the circumstances
surrounding Mr McIlwain's grlevance The
allegation, in her case, lS that Mr Poulin
offered to delay a posting for her ultimate
benefit, if she agreed to withdraw a
grlevance Additionally, it lS alleged that
he made untrue statements to her as to why
her grievance did not proceed in February,
1997 Neither allegation relates to a
retaliatory transfer Further, there lS a
period of approximately five (5) years between
Mr Poulin's involvement in the earlier grievance
and the events material to this dispute I am
inclined to think, as did Vice-Chair Abramsky in
Dale et al , that the probative value of the
evidence would likely be relatively limited given
the passing of so many years Similarly, I
accept that the Employer would be prejudiced by
30
now having to deal with the circumstances
surrounding Ms Gauvin's case given its belief
the matter was finally settled in 1997 In this
regard, I consider it significant that the
Employer did not file a response to the 1997
Labour Board Application,
ii) the allegations relating to Mr Poulin's
relationship with Mr Bechard are not strikingly
similar to the circumstances surrounding
Mr McIlwain's grlevance The allegations do
not reference a retaliatory transfer of the type
here In lssue,
iii) I accept that a substantially similar grievance
was filed by Ms Welzel in December, 2002 In
her case, however, it seems as if she initiated
a request for transfer, not Mr Poulin He lS
alleged to have told Ms Welzel that a transfer
would be possible, if she made her grievance go
away It lS also alleged that she was punished
by being scheduled fewer hours in the Amherstburg
store These circumstances are not strikingly
similar to those alleged in this instance More
specifically, Ms Welzel was not the subject of
a retaliatory transfer,
iv) the allegations concerning Ms Gauld are also
31
not strikingly similar to what the Union asserts
occurred in this case The Union claims that
Ms Gauld was returned to her home store from an
Acting Manager's position for failure to advise
another employee his grievance was without merit
The Union further asserts that in December 2001,
Ms Gauld was advised by her store Manager that
Mr Poulin was considering her transfer to the
Leamington store from Essex There lS no
information indicating that this transfer, In
fact, occurred Simply put, the circumstances
are not, in my judgment, strikingly similar to
the grievance now before me,
v) the information supplied concerning Mr Jeremschuk
does appear to be strikingly similar to the
circumstances alleged in the present grlevance
It alleges that Mr Poulin communicated a threat
through the Store Manager that Mr Jeremschuk
would be transferred if he continued to file
grlevances on behalf of bargaining unit employees
It further alleges that Mr Jeremschuk was
transferred out of Store #32 to the Windsor Depot
approximately two (2 ) weeks later Mr Jeremschuk's
grlevance concerning the transfer was withdrawn
pursuant to Minutes Of Settlement which were stated
32
to be full and final and without prejudice or
precedent The effect of this settlement reached
between the parties lS addressed below,
vi) the allegations concerning Mr Furey are not
strikingly similar to the Union's account of the
facts in this case The Agreed Information asserts
that Mr Furey was advised by Mr Poulin that a
transfer, agreed to as part of a settlement, would
be withheld if he did not withdraw two (2 ) other
grlevances There lS no allegation of a retaliatory
transfer Mr Furey's grlevance was also withdrawn
by Minutes of Settlement which were stated to be
full and final and without prejudice or precedent,
vii) the information supplied concerning Mr Chrysler
does appear to be somewhat similar to what lS
alleged here The Agreed Information indicates
the Union's evidence would be that Mr Chrysler
was advised on January 5, 2004 that he would be
transferred out of the Blenheim Store effective
January 19, 2004 This followed the filing of
the Union's Labour Board Application on
December 29, 2003 and, on the Union's account,
a history of harassment, intimidation and threats
on the part of Mr Poulin Mr Chrysler's grlevance
of January 13, 2004 was resolved by Minutes of
33
Settlement dated February 26, 2004 The Minutes of
Settlement rescinded the transfer Like the other
settlements mentioned above, the terms were stated
to be full and final and without prejudice or
precedent The effect of this settlement lS
also addressed below,
viii) it lS clear from a review of the Agreed
Information that the allegations concernlng
Mr Mitchell, Mr Sussex and Mr Nenez do not
reference any transfer and, for that reason,
cannot be considered as strikingly similar to
the allegations in this dispute
For the reasons set out above, I find that the allegations
concerning Mr Poulin's treatment of Ms Gauvin, Mr Bechard,
Ms Welzel, Ms Gauld, Mr Furey, Mr Mitchell, Mr Sussex and
Mr Nenez are not strikingly similar to the Union's assertions
in this case For that reason, I conclude that evidence
pertaining to these eight (8 ) employees, relating to what lS
alleged in the Agreed Information, cannot be adduced as similar
fact evidence The aforementioned allegations speak primarily
to disposition on the part of Mr Poulin, and in the absence of
a high degree of similarity vis a VlS the events here In lssue,
must be excluded I have not been persuaded that the evidence
lS admissible under either the criminal or civil law tests Put
another way, I am satisfied that any probative value lS
34
outweighed by prejudicial effect On my reading, the award in
Re Westfair Foods Ltd , relied on by the Union, lS
distinguishable It lS apparent that the decision to recelve
similar fact evidence in that case was premised on the nature of
the two (2 ) grlevances and on the Arbitrator's conclusion that,
without resort to the evidence, the Union would not be able to
establish an allegation material to the resolution of the real
dispute between the parties
After fully considering the submissions of both parties, I
conclude that the Union should be precluded from presenting
evidence about the facts and circumstances underlying the
grlevances of Mr Jeremschuk and Mr Chrysler, notwithstanding
the degree of similarity alleged between their situations and
the treatment received by Mr McIlwain I reach this conclusion
because of the fact that the Jeremschuk and Chrysler grievances
were resolved by Minutes of Settlement which intended to provide
for a full and final, and without prejudice or precedent,
resolve to the complaints I share the concerns expressed in Re
Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital and Dale et al with respect to the
consequences which could potentially follow from a decision to
admit the contested evidence More specifically, this Vice-
Chair could be called upon to make adverse findings against the
Employer in respect of Mr Poulin's treatment of Mr Jeremschuk
and Mr Chrysler when these very issues have been the subject of
a mutual settlement I, too, am reluctant to proceed down that
35
road, as I believe that it could serve to undermine the parties'
confidence In final settlements and their legitimate expectation
that settled matters will not reappear in some different gUlse
This reasoning would also apply to evidence about the 1997
Labour Board Application and the Furey grievance
As previously mentioned, this proceeding arises from a
personal grievance of Mr McIlwain in which he asserts that he
was transferred between stores in October 2002 because he
insisted on proceeding with a grievance relating to entitlement
to a paid rest period As noted, to date there have been six
( 6) days of hearings on the merits of the grlevance Numerous
other days have been scheduled for the resumption of the hearing
following the release of this award Given the evidence I have
already heard, and that which I anticipate will later be
presented, I think it very likely that there will be ample
evidence available to permit me to resolve the threshold
question as to the legal and contractual propriety of the
transfer I am concerned that the introduction of the similar
fact evidence would substantially lengthen this proceeding
This lS especially so given that I would likely be called upon
to hear a large amount of evidence concerning the prior
allegations and then to make numerous findings of credibility
Ultimately, I am satisfied that it lS unnecessary, for purposes
of resolving this dispute, to recelve evidence about an ongolng
pattern of alleged misconduct on the part of Mr Poulin That
36
evidence, in my judgment, is best left for proceedings before
the Ontario Labour Relations Board on the 2003 Application I
note that the jurisprudence of that Board indicates that while
no remedy may be sought for unfair labour practice matters that
have been settled or withdrawn, evidence about them is
admissible for the limited purpose of establishing a pattern of
unlawful activity see Craftline Industries Limited, (1977 )
OLRB Rep April 246, Comstock Funeral Home Ltd , (1981 ) OLRB
Rep Dec 1755 I have not been persuaded that the Union's
request in this instance constitutes an abuse of process, as
claimed by the Employer The award in Re London Public Library
Board does not support that submission In that case, a
grlevance was filed about a matter which was already the subject
of an Ontario Labour Relations Board application The
Arbitration Board found that it had concurrent jurisdiction but
opted, on the balance of convenience, to adjourn its proceeding
pending a decision by the Ontario Labour Relations Board on the
matter
PATENT OR LATENT AMBIGUITY
Article 31 1 (d) (i) of the collective agreement, which
provides for a rest period for casual employees, reads
There shall be one (1 ) fifteen ( 15) minute rest period
for each four (4 ) consecutive hours of work
37
The parties differ on two (2 ) aspects of this provision First,
the Union asserts that the rest period is a paid rest period
The Employer insists that it lS an unpaid break Second, the
Union claims that a casual employee lS entitled to the rest
period within each four (4 ) consecutive hours of work In
contrast, the Employer maintains that an employee lS only
entitled to the break after they have actually worked the four
(4 ) hours
The other provisions of the collective agreement relevant
to this lssue read
6 13 There shall be one (1 ) fifteen ( 15) minute rest
period during each half (1/2 ) shift or each
half (1/2 ) work day Such rest period shall
be at times designated by the Store Manager
or Department Head (except with respect to
rest periods referred to in Article 6 2 )
31 (d) (ii) In addition a casual employee who lS
scheduled for a period in excess of five
(5) hours shall receive one-half (1/2 )
hour off without pay for a meal period Such
meal period shall be scheduled in such a
way that no employee works longer than
five (5) hours without a meal period
37 7 (a) There shall be one (1 ) fifteen ( 15) minute
paid rest period during each four (4 )
consecutive hours of work
Article 6 13 lS applicable to permanent full-time employees
Article 37 7 (a) applies to permanent part-time employees
Reference was also made in argument to article 6 2 of the
collective agreement which, inter alia, sets out the number of
hours in each working day in respect of the retail division and
38
to the Salary And Classification Schedule (page 132) which
states the hours of work for Customer Service Representatives as
forty (40 ) hours per week
The Union's primary position is that article 31 1 (d) (i)
clearly and unambiguously provides that casual employees, such
as the grlevor, are entitled to a fifteen ( 15) minute paid rest
period for each four (4 ) consecutive hours of work In the
alternative, the Union seeks to introduce extrinsic evidence
relating to past practice to clarify a patent ambiguity in the
language of the provision and to assist with its interpretation
In the further alternative, the Union asks that the extrinsic
evidence be admitted to disclose a latent ambiguity
The extrinsic evidence that the Union seeks to present may
be summarized as follows
i) Slnce 1987, the Employer's scheduling practice
has been to provide casual employees with a
fifteen ( 15) minute rest period for each four
(4 ) consecutive hours of work and, more
specifically, that a four (4 ) hour shift for
casual employees has included a fifteen ( 15)
minute rest period,
ii) the above-mentioned rest period has been a
paid rest period,
iii) throughout this period, the collective agreement
language relating to a fifteen ( 15) minute rest
period for casual employees has not changed,
iv) counsel for the Union advised that she will call
witnesses to testify about the way they have been
scheduled in respect of the fifteen ( 15) minute
rest period She further advised that she intends
to call other witnesses, who have the responsibility
for scheduling staff, to testify about the manner
39
in which they have scheduled casual employees and
the directions they received from management In
that regard Additionally, certain of the Union's
Grievances Officers will be called to provide their
knowledge on this lssue, and
v) the Union will rely on a memo dated January 13, 2003
sent by Mr Myron Tymochko, the District Manager of
District #12, to all store Managers in the District
I have appended the memo to this award The memo
outlines how breaks and lunches should be scheduled
for casual employees On the Union's reading, the
memo, prepared by a member of management, lS
consistent with its understanding to the effect
that a four (4 ) hour casual shift should include
a fifteen ( 15) minute paid rest period
The Union asks me to recelve the extrinsic evidence and to
reserve judgment on the lssues of ambiguity, admissibility and
application Counsel for the Union suggested that if I
ultimately find the relevant contractual provision to be clear
and unambiguous, I can then rule that the extrinsic evidence
cannot be resorted to in aid of interpretation She argued that
I possess the authority to recelve the evidence pursuant to
section 48 (12) (f) of the Labour Relations Act, 1995, previously
referenced
Counsel for the Union submitted that article 31 1 (d) (i) lS
patently ambiguous with respect to the length of shift required
to qualify for the rest period, whether the rest period is paid
or unpaid, or both Counsel noted the competing interpretations
of article 31 1 (d) (i) VlS a VlS entitlement to a rest period,
that lS, lS a casual employee entitled to the rest period within
a four (4 ) hour shift or lS the employee only entitled to same
40
after he or she has actually worked the four (4 ) hours She
argued, in substance, that this uncertainty reflects a patent
ambiguity With respect to the issue of payment, counsel
observed that article 31 1 (d) (i) does not expressly state
whether the rest period is paid or not She compared the
article to the following provisions (i) article 31 1 (d) (ii)
which specifically provides for an unpaid meal break for a
casual employee who works In excess of five (5) hours, (ii)
article 37 7 (a) which specifically provides for a fifteen ( 15)
minute paid rest period for permanent part-time employees, and
(iii) article 6 13 which does not expressly state whether the
fifteen ( 15) minute rest period for full-time employees is paid
or unpaid Counsel emphasized that the article 6 13 rest period
lS treated by the Employer as a paid break, despite the silence
of the collective agreement on the point It was the thrust of
her submission that a comparison of the above articles
demonstrates the existence of a patent ambiguity with respect to
whether the rest period should be paid or unpaid I was,
accordingly, invited to recelve the extrinsic evidence to
clarify the patent ambiguities existing within the article
In the alternative, counsel for the Union submitted that
article 31 1 (d) (i) lS latently ambiguous with respect to the
length of shift required to qualify for the rest period, whether
the rest period is paid or unpaid, or both Counsel argued that
if I accept the Employer's position on the issue of patent
41
ambiguity, then I should permit the Union to lead the extrinsic
evidence to both disclose and resolve a latent ambiguity She
asserted that the past practice evidence will disclose that the
collective agreement provision in issue is not as clear as it
might otherwise appear
The Union relies on the following authorities in support of
its position Re Inn of the Woods and United Food and
Commercial Workers, Local 175 (1989) , 7 LAC (4th) 31
(Aggarwal) , Regina v Barber et al , Exparte Warehousemen and
Miscellaneous Drivers' Union Local 419, (1968 ) 2 o R 245 (Ont
C A ), Re Sudbury Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, Local 598, And
Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd (1968) , 19 LAC 210 (Weiler) ,
Re Cummins Diesel Power Ltd And International Association Of
Machinists And Aerospace Workers, Local Lodge 1722 (1978) , 19
LAC (2d) 432 (Mason) , Re Noranda Metal Industries Ltd ,
Fergus Division and International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers, Local 2345 et al (1983) , 44 o R (2d) 529 (Ont C A ),
Leitch Gold Mines Ltd et al v Texas Gulf Sulphur Co
( Incorporated) et al , ( 1969) 1 o R 469 (Ont H C J ) , Ontario
Liquor Boards Employees' Union (Pallotta) and Liquor Control
Board of Ontario, GSB No 1185/00 (Dissanayake)
In response, it lS the position of the Employer that
article 31 1 (d) (i) is neither patently or latently ambiguous and
that extrinsic evidence should not, therefore, be received in
aid of interpretation Counsel for the Employer noted that the
42
jurisprudence lmposes an onus on the Union, In a case such as
this, to establish the existence of a patent or latent ambiguity
as a condition for the proper admission of extrinsic evidence
Counsel acknowledged that this Vice-Chair has the discretion to
hear the past practice evidence and to reserve on the question
of its ultimate admissibility She asked, however, that I not
opt for such an approach in this case Counsel noted that the
Union intends to call evidence, which is likely to be extensive,
with respect to the practice across the Province, for days other
than Sundays and for Stores which are not 'D' Stores She
suggested that much of this evidence lS outside of the factual
context of the present dispute and that, if received, could lead
to many more days of hearings Counsel argued that, in the
circumstances, it would be preferable to first make a
determination on the threshold question of whether an ambiguity
exists in the language found in article 31 1 (d) (i) before
receiving any of the evidence offered by the Union
Counsel for the Employer submitted that the language of
article 31 1 (d) (i) lS clear and unambiguous with respect to
whether the rest period is paid or unpaid and as to when the
entitlement thereunder becomes effective Counsel contrasted
the article with article 37 7 (a) relating to permanent part-time
employees Under the latter provision, part-time employees are
expressly given a fifteen ( 15) minute paid rest period She
argued that the absence of the word "paid" in article 31 1 (d) (i)
43
indicates the parties intended for the break to be unpaid
Counsel also noted that article 37 7 (a) provides for the paid
rest period "during" each four (4 ) consecutive hours of work
In her submission, the use of the word "during" , rather than
"for" as found in article 31 1 (d) (i) , demonstrates that the
parties contemplated a different result, this being, that casual
employees are not entitled to a rest period until after they
have worked four (4 ) consecutive hours Counsel observed that
article 6 13 also references the word "during" with respect to
when the rest period is to occur She further submitted that
the Union's reliance on article 6 13, to show a patent ambiguity
in article 31 1 (d) (i) , is misplaced On her reading, article
6 2 in conjunction with the Salary and Classification Schedule
effectively guarantee full-time Customer Service Representatives
forty (40 ) hours of work each week In counsel's j udgmen t, it
lS immaterial that article 6 13 does not reference paid rest
periods because any breaks occurring during the forty (40 ) hour
week must be paid for under the collective agreement In
substance, it lS the position of the Employer that the Union
cannot rely on the language relating to either full-time or
permanent part-time employees to successfully establish an
ambiguity in article 31 1 (d) (i) of the collective agreement
It lS the further position of the Employer that resort to
extrinsic evidence will not reveal any latent ambiguity, as
there lS no ambiguity to reveal Counsel for the Employer
44
submitted that the Union has failed to identify the latent
ambiguity or how the extrinsic evidence will assist In
disclosing same She asserted that, in cases of this nature, it
lS insufficient to simply allege the presence of a latent
ambiguity Lastly, counsel maintained that the Tymochko memo lS
of no assistance in establishing any sort of ambiguity She
emphasized that the memo does not indicate if the rest period
falls within the four (4 ) hour shift or not
The Employer relies on the following authorities
with respect to this aspect of its case Ontario Liquor Boards
Employees' Union (Pallotta) and Liquor Control Board of Ontario,
previously cited, Re Government of the Province of Alberta and
Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (2000) , 90 LAC (4th)
381 (Price) , Regina v Barber et al , previously cited, Re
-
Noranda Metal Industries Ltd , previously cited, Re
-
International Association Of Machinists, Local 1740, And John
Bertram And Sons Co Ltd (1967) , 18 LAC 362 (Weiler) , Re
-
United Steelworkers Of America, Local 1005 And Steel Co Of
Canada Ltd et al (1978) , 87 D L R (3d) 274 (Ont H C J ) , Re
Abbott Laboratories, Ltd and Retail, Wholesale Canada, Division
of Canadian Auto Workers, Local 462 (2001) , 98 LAC (4th) 302
(Thorne) , Re Cargill Ltd And United Food And Commercial
Workers, Local 1118 (1996) , 54 LAC (4th) 76 (Koshman) , Re
-
Excel Forest Products Ltd and I W A -Canada, Local 2995 (2001) ,
100 LAC (4th) 16 (Sarra)
45
The following excerpt from Canadian Labour Arbitration
(3rd ed ) , Brown and Beatty, highlights the different approaches
arbitrators have taken relating to the admission of extrinsic
evidence
"Arbitrators differ as to the proper procedure to
be followed where extrinsic evidence lS tendered
to assist In the resolution of an alleged
ambiguity Many have concluded that extrinsic
evidence should be received and that the ruling
as to admissibility should be reserved, or that
the evidence should be received and the board of
arbitration reserve to itself the right to
determine which, if any, of the extrinsic
evidence would be used to assist In the
interpretation of the sections In dispute This
lS particularly true where the alleged ambiguity
lS latent, and extrinsic evidence lS tendered to
disclose as well as to resolve it Other
arbitrators, however, have refused to hear the
extrinsic evidence until they have decided
whether there lS an ambiguity And a middle
course consists of hearing the evidence until it
becomes clear that it lS appropriate to rule on
the question of ambiguity "
(paragraph 3 4410 )
The question of how to properly address a request to
present extrinsic evidence was also the subject of comment in Re
-
Inn of the Woods The relevant part of that award reads
"As a general principle, In construing a
collective agreement, the arbitrator lS
restricted to the agreement itself and
cannot resort to extrinsic evidence to assist In
this task unless the agreement lS ambiguous
A determination, then, that a passage
lS ambiguous lS a prerequisite to the use of
extrinsic evidence to ascertain the intended
meanlng However, to determine when ambiguities
exist lS not an easy one At the same time, the
46
parties often object to the introduction of
extrinsic evidence until the arbitrators
determine that an ambiguity exists As this lS
not an easy determination and as to accede to
this request might cause an adjournment of the
hearing to another day, it lS obvious that an
arbitrator cannot decide whether the language of
the agreement lS unambiguous In its meanlng
unless he/she also decides on what lS the correct
meanlng To hear argument and to decide this
matter of law and interpretation, before
reception of evidence that lS arguably relevant,
would be a very inefficient mode of conducting
arbitration hearings Moreover, the Ontario
Court of Appeal In R v Barber, supra, had
required only that extrinsic evidence not be used
In interpreting contract language until the
latter has been found ambiguous It does not
requlre that, as a matter of practice, the
evidence not be admitted until after the
interpretation decision has been made Thus, the
arbitrators, generally, recelve extrinsic
evidence and reserve judgment on the lssue of
ambiguity "
(page 37)
The approach described in the above excerpt was applied in Re
Sudbury Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers and in Re Cummins Diesel
Power Ltd In both cases, extrinsic evidence was received and
the Board of Arbitration reserved judgment on the questions of
ambiguity, admissibility and application
A somewhat different approach was employed in Pal Iota, a
dispute between these same parties In that instance, the
grievor claimed entitlement to shift premium for certain of the
hours he worked as a Customer Service Representative on Civic
Holiday, 2000 The Employer sought to rely on extrinsic
evidence to establish a patent and/or latent ambiguity in the
collective agreement It also sought to use such evidence to
47
create an estoppel against the Union After determining that
there was no patent ambiguity in the shift premium provision of
the collective agreement, Vice-Chair N V Dissanayake directed
the Employer to provide detailed particulars to the Union of all
of the facts it proposed to establish through extrinsic
evidence, relating to past practice and/or negotiating history,
to disclose a latent ambiguity and/or to establish an estoppel
Vice-Chair Dissanayake's reasons for giving this direction are
set out in the award, dated August 17, 2001, as follows
"In the present case, it lS the employer's
position that extrinsic evidence will disclose a
latent ambiguity and/or establish an estoppel
against the unlon The union's objection to
recelvlng that evidence lS primarily on the
ground that it will result In a protracted multi-
day hearing The Board must be fair and
sensitive to the concerns of both parties On
the one hand, the employer lS offering extrinsic
evidence, which it claims will have the result of
establishing or creating a latent ambiguity
and/or estoppel It lS not fair to determine
whether the result existed, without first hearing
the evidence which allegedly leads to that
result On the other hand, the union's concerns
are also valid The Board ought not launch a
potentially protracted hearing without satisfying
itself first that there lS good reason for doing
so The employer has not specified what
extrinsic evidence it lS proposlng to lead and
how that evidence creates or discloses a latent
ambiguity or an estoppel Merely because the
employer "raises" a latent ambiguity and/or "an
estoppel" that lS not by itself justification for
hearing potentially lengthy evidence The Board
must be satisfied that there lS some cogent
evidence, which if established, has the potential
of establishing a latent ambiguity and/or an
estoppel
"
(page 7 )
48
Vice-Chair Dissanayake subsequently received submissions,
based on the particulars, as to whether any of the extrinsic
evidence should be received In an award dated March 21, 2002,
he determined that the evidence, if proved, did not have the
potential for establishing an estoppel or disclosing a latent
ambiguity and should, therefore, not be received
The first award in Pallotta distinguishes between a patent
and latent ambiguity and sets out how extrinsic evidence may be
used in respect of the latter The award reads as follows on
these points
"Patent ambiguity lS ambiguity on the face of the
language of the document to be interpreted
Therefore, by its very nature, one can decide
whether or not a patent ambiguity exists by
examining the document itself
A latent ambiguity is
an ambiguity, not on the face of the document,
but In its application to a particular set of
facts
It lS now well established that an arbitrator may
admit extrinsic evidence to disclose as well as
resolve a latent ambiguity In a collective
agreement See R v Barber, (1968 ) 2 o R 245
(Ont C A ) And Leitch Gold Mines Ltd v Texas
Gulf Sulphur Co (Incorporated) , ( 1969) 1 o R
469 (Ont H C J ) "
(pages 5 to 6)
I note the following similar comment of Gale C J 0 in Leitch
Gold Mines Ltd with respect to the use of extrinsic evidence
VlS a VlS a latent ambiguity
"Extrinsic evidence may be admitted to disclose a
latent ambiguity, In either the language of the
instrument or In its application to the facts,
and also to resolve it, but it lS to be noted
49
that the evidence allowed In to clear up the
ambiguity may be more extensive than that which
reveals it Thus, evidence of relevant
surrounding circumstances can be accepted to
ascertain the meanlng of the document and may
clarify the meanlng by indirectly disclosing the
intention of the parties "
(page 524 )
As stated above, in the second Pallotta award, Vice-Chair
Dissanayake determined that the extrinsic evidence, if admitted
and proved, would not reveal the existence of a latent
ambiguity He made the following observation concerning this
aspect of the dispute
"In order to establish a latent ambiguity, there
must be evidence that the parties had a mutual
understanding of the employer's obligation, which
was different to the obligation conveyed on the
face of the document In contrast, the
particulars, if proven, would lead to the
conclusion that the unlon and the employer
continuously had opposlng Vlews as to the
obligation under the relevant provlslon The
particulars do not disclose that at any point the
unlon agreed that the employer's practice was In
compliance with the collective agreement "
(page 5)
After considering the submissions of the parties on this
lssue, I have decided to recelve the extrinsic evidence and to
reserve on the question whether an ambiguity, either patent
and/or latent, exists so as to justify resort to such evidence
as an aid to interpret article 31 1 (d) (i) A real question
exists as to what the parties intended by the use of the word
"for" in the phrase "for each four (4 ) consecutive hours of
work" Did they mean it should be read as the equivalent of the
50
word "during" , as found in articles 6 13 and 37 7 (a) of the
collective agreement, or instead did they intend that
entitlement would only occur "after" a casual employee worked
four (4 ) consecutive hours A further question arises as to how
the provision would be applied in practice if the latter reading
was intended More importantly, while article 31 1 (d) (i) lS
silent on its face concerning payment, the summary of past
practice evidence provided by the Union alleges that Slnce 1987,
the Employer's practice has been to provide casual employees
with a paid fifteen ( 15) minute rest period within a four (4 )
hour shift I was informed that the relevant collective
agreement language has not changed for a considerable period of
time Additionally, In some respects, the Tymochko memo of
January 13, 2003, lS consistent with the Union's view of
employee rights under article 31 1 (d) (i) It lS therefore
arguable that, at least in respect of payment, the situation
here lS distinguishable from Pallotta as the parties may have
had "a mutual understanding of the employer's obligation which
was different to the obligation conveyed on the face of the
document" As a consequence, I think it both fair and
appropriate to permit the Union to lead extrinsic evidence for
purposes of disclosing and resolving the ambiguities alleged I
recelve this evidence pursuant to the discretion provided for by
section 48 (12) (f) of the Labour Relations Act, 1995 To be
-
clear, in line with the authorities, if such evidence does not
51
reveal any ambiguity then it cannot be used to construe article
31 1 (d) (i) of the collective agreement I do share the
Employer's concern that this ruling could substantially protract
an already lengthy proceeding The Union is encouraged, to the
extent it lS feasible, to expedite its presentation of the
extrinsic evidence
ESTOPPEL
It lS the further position of the Union that the past
practice, as summarized above, estops the Employer from now
changing its practice in respect of the administration of
article 31 1 (d) (i) of the collective agreement Counsel for the
Union advised that the extrinsic evidence she wishes to present
will show the Union relied on the Employer's practice over the
course of several collective agreements and that, on the basis
of this lengthy and consistent practice, the Union did not
consider it necessary to address the lssue at the bargaining
table From the perspective of the Union, the extrinsic
evidence will also demonstrate its belief that there was a
shared interpretation of article 31 1 (d) (i) Counsel submitted
that the evidence relating to past practice lS cogent and, if
proven, has the potential to form the basis for an estoppel
against the Employer She claimed that it would be improper to
exclude this evidence given its relevancy to the lssue In
dispute
52
The Union relies on the following additional awards In
support of its position Re John Bertram And Sons Co Ltd ,
previously cited, Re Corporation of the City of ottawa and
ottawa Carleton Public Employees' Union, CUP E Local 503
(2001) , 102 LAC (4th) 160 (Hornung)
In response, it lS the substance of the Employer's position
that the extrinsic evidence which the Union seeks to present
does not have the potential to create an estoppel against the
Employer Counsel for the Employer stressed the following (i)
the Union has not specified what scheduling practices of the
Employer it relied on, (ii) the Union has not produced any
evidence of a representation or of any discussion between the
parties on the issue of rest periods, (iii) the Union has not
produced any evidence that the Employer agreed or disagreed with
its position or that the Employer would refrain from taking a
contrary position, and (iv) the Union has not produced any
evidence about silence at the bargaining table concernlng a
practice that may be inconsistent with the collective agreement
Simply put, I was asked to find that, as was the case In
Pallotta, there lS no reference in the summary of extrinsic
evidence to an explicit or implicit representation sufficient to
ground an estoppel against the Employer and that, as a
consequence, such evidence should not be received from the
Union
53
The Employer relies on Re Labatt's Ontario Breweries And
International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 772 (1983) , 10
LAC (3d) 29 (Weatherill) In that award, a majority of the
Board of Arbitration concluded
" Further, we do not consider that there has
been the sort of detrimental reliance on which an
estoppel could properly be based To assume, as
some arbitrators have been prepared to do, that
the 'loss of opportunity to negotiate'
constitutes detrimental reliance lS, In our Vlew,
an attempt to sound the unfathomable Certainly,
In this case, the evidence does not permit the
conclusion that the company was somehow induced
by the unlon to forswear the 'opportunity' it
undoubtedly had to ralse this or other lssues In
negotiations "
In this instance, the Union asserts that there lS a long
standing and consistent practice under which casual employees
working a four (4 ) hour shift recelve a paid rest period As a
consequence of this past practice, counsel for the Union argued
that the Employer cannot now take a contrary position with
respect to Mr McIlwain's entitlement when working the Sunday
shifts here In lssue In my judgment, given the Union's
description of the past practice, it should be permitted to lead
evidence with respect to same in support of an argument that the
Employer should be estopped from changing its treatment of the
rest period provided under article 31 1 (d) (i) In this regard,
I have reviewed section 2 2221 of Canadian Labour Arbitration
(3rd ed), Brown and Beatty The third paragraph of the section
lists a myriad of cases in which an estoppel has been founded on
54
a past practice It is premature, at this juncture, to reach
any conclusions as to the ultimate merit of the Union's
position I am, nevertheless, satisfied that there lS some
cogent evidence relating to past practice which, if proven, has
the potential of establishing an estoppel Accordingly, I elect
to recelve the extrinsic evidence as it relates to this lssue
In summary, and for all of the above reasons, the Union is
not permitted to present the similar fact evidence outlined in
the statement of Agreed Information The Union is, however,
permitted to adduce evidence in support of its argument that
article 31 1 (d) (i) of the collective agreement is patently or
latently ambiguous and that the circumstances support a finding
of estoppel against the Employer
Dated at Toronto, Ontario this 31 t day of January, 2005
~~: " \ ; "~ ~""~:~':~~:'f~"r
r-','_", "1- .....-.. '.
M V Watters
Vice-Chair
---_.__._--_._---------_.__._~--
~ 01 ~fo~~q-
tf'.S- r; ~ ~
GSB #2077/02
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION
BEFORE THE GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT BOARD
BET WEE N.
LIQUOR CONTROL BOARD OF ONTARIO
("the Employer")
and
,..,. 1!,J .... ~ ,,"wlv' ~ '.., "'-'-.' ""'("I - ... ~, !! 'xi t.Q'{C ,,,,,,,2' ~._ ~ ;~
~ ,;",. I..; .. . ,~- ....., .....
( 'HilS lm or.")
and
BILL MCILWAIN
("the Grievor")
INFORMATION AGREED UPON FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE LEGAL
SUBMISSIONS PERTAINING TO THE EMPLOYER'S OBJECTIONS TO HAVE
THE UNION'S ANTICIPATED PAl....._dies al!lill similar fact EVIDENCE
INTRODUCED IN THE MCILWAIN ARBITRATION (HEREINAFTER "AGREED
INFORMATION")
The Parties have agreed that the following summaries of the anticipated
evidence of the Union's witnesses will be presented to Vice-Chair Watters for the
sole purpose of providing some context upon which to determine the objections
and will not used for any other purpose,
1 This Agreed Information will be introduced as an exhibit to address the
Employer's objections to some of the evidence the Union has advised it
will tender in the Mcilwain Arbitration The Parties agree that once Vice-
Chair Watters issues his decision about these objections, this document
will no longer be an exhibit and will not be relied upon by the Parties;
,,>
.
~---_.,.,_._._-_._."-
---
2
1997 LABOUR BOARD APPLICATION
2. The 1997 Labour Board Application filed by the Union alleged that the
Labour Relations Act was violated because Bob Poulin (hereinafter "Mr -
Poulin"), a District Manager for the Kapuskasing area communicated in or
around August 1997 with a union representative, and a grievor (namely a
"Ms. Gauvin") in relation to grievance that Ms. Gauvin filed in 1995 about
being unsuccessful in a job competition. The Union alleged that Mr Poulin
contacted a Union representative who was involved with the grievance,
and discussed the grievor's grievance The Union alleged that the Union
Representative subsequently advised the grievor that Mr Poulin
appeared to want the grievor to drop her grievance against the LCBO
The Union representative also stated that Mr Poulin advised that he (Mr
Poulin) had not posted the opening for the full time position at store #112,
and that the Emproyer was not posting it until the Grievor 4l~s.s her
French'" The Un~ alkged tho! Mr Pouhn ned initiated a coMTerscdio~
with tile grievor in her workplace regarding her upcoming grievance
arbitration The Union alleged that Mr Poulin stated to the Greivor that he
was doing everything in his power to make sure the Grievor, a Casual
employee, would get the full time job at store #112, and that Mr Poulin
stated "This case is pending and my higher ups are asking why are you
holding off on posting., the job in store #112" The Union alleged that
Poulin indicated to the Grievor that if she was going to continue with her
grievance arbitration, he would post the job at store #112 immediately,
and if on the other hand she did not continue with her grievance to
arbitration, Poulin indicated he would do what he could do to see she got
the job Further, the Union alleged that Poulin stated to the grievor that
the reason that her arbitration hearing was adjourned in February of 1997
was that the Union did not want to pay for the Grievor to travel to Toronto
to attend the hearing there, in this regard the Union alleged that Mr
Poulin's statements were factually untrue and were known by Mr Poulin to
be untrue The Union alleged that Mr Poulin stated to the Grievor that
she must contact him by a certain dated to advise if she intended to
continue with her grievance The Union alleged that Mr Poulin clearly
implied that if the grievor did not advise that she would withdraw her
grievance, Mr Poulin would have no choice but to post the permanent full
time position at store #112, with the likely result that the Qrievor would be
deemed not to be the successful candidate for the position The Union
alleged that Poulin's conduct was" calculated to intimidate the Grievor,
Ms. Gauvin, to undermine her faith in her Union representation and the
grievance process, and to coerce and intimidate her into ceasing to
pursue her rightful and just remedies under the collective agreement
between the parties" in violation of the Labour Relations Act.
3 The Union had filed a grievance on behalf of the grievor in 1995 that was
referred to arbitration before the GSB on or about June 1997 The
~
3
grievance was settled at a mediation at the GSB on or about October 2,
1997
4 One of the terms of the settlement at mediation was that the 1997 Labour
Board Application would be withdrawn and discontinued by the Union.
The paragraph stated, '7he Union and the grievor withdraw and
discontinue the s. 96 complaint to the Ontario Labour Relations Board
(O>RB File No 2175-97-U) not to be fe-filed"
5 Subsequent to the mediation, on October 3, 1997, the Union wrote to the
Ontario Labour Relations Board and confirmed that the 1997 Labour
Board Application was withdrawn by the Applicant Union
6 The Employer did not file a response to the 1997 Labour Board
A.pphc.atil>n as it was settled b~ the Minu1es of tettlement referenced in
p&niaraphS .3 and 4..
7 ihe Ontario Labour Relations Board made no findings with respect to the
1997 Labour Board Application.
2003 LABOUR BOARD APPLICATION
8 The Union filed a Labour Board Application on December 29,2003 which,
in essence, alleged that the Labour Relations Act, 1995 was violated due
to the conduct of Mr Poulin [now a District Manager for the Windsor,
Chatham and Sarnia areas]. In the 2003 Labour Board Application, a
number of individuals were identified as complainants. They included Bill
Mcilwain, Steve Bechard; Arlene Welzel, Pat' Gauld, and Guy
Jeremschuk. With the exception of Bill Mcilwain who has testified already
in Mcilwain, an outline of their allegations, which the Union intends to
introduce as evidence and rely upon in the Mcilwain arbitration, is set out
below
(a) Steve Bechard
Mr Bechard, is a full time bargaining unit employee who is
employed as a "e" store manager in Wallaceburg, and is a union
steward, and alleges that in his position as Union Zone
Representative Mr Poulin has acted inappropriately and in a
manner to intimidate him and compel him to cease his
representation of bargaining unit employees Mr Poulin's conduct,
as alleged by the Union, includes the following.
(i) Mr Poulin arrived at an informal gathering of approximately 6
store managers, which took place in a hotel room in 2001 the night
before a Western Region meeting, and in a raised voice accused
~
.
--------~---~~------ --
4
the assembled Store Managers of talking about him, Mr Poulin
became agitated and made various threatening and aggressive
remarks, while looking directly at Mr Bechard, Mr Poulin
threatened to take one other of the store managers present outside
and "beat the shit out of him",
(ii) Mr Poulin expressed displeasure towards Mr Bechard in
January 2002, shortly after Mr Bechard had filed grievances
on behalf of several bargaining unit employees, and Mr
Poulin yelled at Mr Bechard, alleging that he was filing a lot
of grievances which had no merit or legitimacy, and
accused Mr Bechar~ of soliciting those grievances;
(iii) Mr Poulin swore at Mr Bechard for filing the Mcilwain
grievances by repeatedly saying "Are you running the
fucking District now?" and making rude, angry and
intimid afar. j '01f1.M\'e;n~ e~(),* the matter; Mr Poulin
tt,reatellec;t HJtBeckard -t~ he would fake a.Wd'j pJrh1l1eges
fi"om Store i\lanagers, such as having coffee atone's desk,
if the Union proceeded with the Mcilwain grievance,
(iv) In early 2003 Mr Bechard spoke on behalf of a grievor, a Mr {.,
S1. Jean, at a Stage 2 grievance meeting, which meeting Mr
Poulin attended During a break in the meeting Mr Bechard
was approached by Mr Poulin in the hallway outside of the
meeting room and Mr Poulin asked Mr Bechard, 'Who's
paying your wages?" Mr Bechard responded 'What?", and
Mr Poulin repeated in an angry tone 'Who's paying your
wages?", followed by 'Who in the hell pays your wages?"
Mr Poulin then advised Mr Bechard that he wanted Mr
Bechard to wear LeBO attire when he attends these types of
grievance meetings.
(b) Arlene Welzel
Ms Welzel is a casual employee who worked in Amhurstburg who
alleges that Mr Poulin behaved in an intimidating and harassing
manner Mr Poulin's conduct, as alleged by the Union, includes
the following
r) In late 2002 Ms Welzel indicated to her Employer that she
\ I,
would be filing a grievance to address that fact that she was
scheduled to work four (4) hour shifts on Sundays in the
Amherstburg liquor store, and was not provided with a fifteen
(15) minute break, contrary to Article 31 1 (d) (i) of the
collective agreement. Subsequently, in December 2003, Mr
Poulin attended Ms. Welzel's workplace and directly initiated
a discussion with her about her grievance Mr Poulin
advised Ms. Welzel that the same grievance had been filed
by an employee who had worked in the Petrolia liquor store,
~-
.
---_._-----_._-----_._.~---_._- -
5
but that the grievance from that employee had been dropped
because it had no merit. The Union alleged that this was a
false and misleading statement by Mr Poulin, that Mr Poulin
knew or reasonably ought to have known was false, and that
Mr Poulin was aware that Mr Mcilwain, the grievor from the
Petrolia store, had not dropped his grievance,
(ii) Also in Ms Welzel's store in December 2003, Mr Poulin
yelled at Ms. Welzel in an intimidating manner, and stated to
her that his boss was not happy that he had to take care of
this issue and this grievance prior to the Christmas period.
When Ms. Welzel responded that she believed she had a
right under the collective agreement to a 15 minute break
during a 4 hour shift, Mr Poulin yelled at her that she was
"being insubordinate", and threatened to "write her up" for
in$oborc.fitla.!i6~
(ll~ 0" et a~ clJl D~ece;1i'I~r -to. ~t>~:. ~~ -.;J, etuJ li I~d n
urbvance concerning the issue of the 15 minute break
during a 4 hour shift, and also concerning harassment by Mr
Poulin
(iv) On or about December 27, 2002, Mr Welzel was
approached in her workplace by the Store Manager of the
Amherstburg store, a Mr Dan Ferguson Mr Ferguson
stated to Ms. Welzel that Mr Ferguson had been contacted
by Mr Poulin concerning Ms Welzel's grievance and Mr
Ferguson stated words to this effect: "Bob Poulin says you
don't have any grounds for your grievance, and I am
supposed to try to talk you into dropping if' ,
(v) On or about April 22, 2003, Ms. Welzel contacted Mr Poulin
by telephone to request his permission to transfer to the
Kingsville store Mr Poulin stated that a transfer for Ms.
Welzel was possible, but 'what was in it for him' He went on
to state that if Ms Welzel made her grievance go away, a
transfer would be pOSSible
(vi) Since filing her grievance in December 2002, a grievance
which is still outstanding, Mr Poulin has sought to punish
Ms. Welzel by causing her to be scheduled for fewer hours
in the Amherstburg store On several occations after Ms.
Welzel filed the December 10, 2002 grievance, Mr Poulin
attended at the Amherstburg store and examined the posted
store schedule of hours. On several occasions Mr Poulin
has instructed the Store Manager Mr Ferguson to change
the schedule by cutting Ms. Welzel's hours.
(c) Pat Gauld
1=
----------------.------
6
Ms. Gauld is a permanent part-time employee, who worked in the
Essex store, and who was a union representative (who has been
absent from the workplace since December 10, 2001 and who is
now in receipt of L TIP benefits) and alleges that Mr Poulin's
conduct and statements amount to interference with her
representation of bargaining unit employees, and were designed to
punish her when she did not comply with his instructions, contrary
to the Labour Relations Act. Mr Poulin's conduct, as alleged by
the Union, includes the following.
(i) In July or August 2001 Mr Poulin advised Ms. Gauld that he
had notified another employee named Grant that he (namely
Grant) would have .to resign Mr Poulin instructed Ms.
Gauld to contact the employee Grant and tell him that he did
not have a grievance, and should not file a grievance in
relation tr) his res)9nati~n. L.ater in 2001 Mr POUWl
coniaG+ed JJt~s. Gauld and asked if she ha.ct contad-ed Grant
and "strai8Li;:;neC him out" e.bout his grievance r.~ &~u'd
I I.;). a i"
responded that she did not contact Grant. Mr Poulin
expressed displeasure that she did not comply with this
instruction Ms. Gauld was working as the Acting Manager
of the Harrow store at the time, and within 2 weeks the
Harrow store was audited, however the audit did not disclose
any problems. Within the next 4 weeks, Ms. Gauld was
advised by Mr Poulin that her services were no longer
required as Acting Manger in the Harrow store, and that she
would be returning to her home store in Essex, to her
position of PPT Customer service representative
(ii) In or about November of 2001, Ms. Gauld filed a grievance
on behalf of a Casual employee, a Ms. Sprague, concerning
not receiving a 15 minute break during a 4 hour shift on a
Sunday while working alone in the Amherstburg store The
next day Ms. Gauld's own store manager contacted her and
stated words to the effect: "You are in a heap of trouble
Poulin has called here and says that you were in the
Amherstburg store yesterday soliciting grievances Poulin is
fit to be tied and he wants to talk to you" Approximately 2
days later, when Ms Gauld spoke to Mr Poulin Mr Poulin
said to her words to this effect: 'What were you doing in
Amherstburg causing all this trouble on your store visits."
Two days later Ms. Sprague advised Ms. Gauld that she had
had a change of heart concerning her grievance, because
the grievance had caused a lot of trouble at the Amherstburg
store Ms. Gauld provided to Ms. Sprague the telephone
number of the Union Head Office, to call regarding her
grievance should she wish to withdraw it.
,.,.,;;..
.
7
(iii) In or around early December 2001, Ms. Gauld was advised
by Mr Poulin that her District Trainer position was going to
be posted so that other employees could apply for it, and
that she need not apply because her application would not
be considered.
(iv) Also around early December 2001, Ms. Gauld was advised ~
by her Store Manager Mr Fecteau that Mr Poulin was
considering transferring Ms. Gauld out of the Essex liquor
store to the liquor store in Leaminton. Ms. Gauld pointed out
to Mr Fecteau that she had worked her entire career with
the Employer in the Essex store, that she lived in Essex, and
that she did not wish- to transfer to Leamington Mr Fecteau
responded that he was just giving her the "heads up" with
respect to Mr Poulin's plans for her future
(el) !61)1 Je re ms eft I)~
Mr Jeremschuk is a full time customer service representative who
worked in Windsor as well as a Union steward and alleges that Mr
Poulin's conduct and statements amount to interference with his
representation of bargaining unit employees, and were designed to
punish him when he did not comply with his instructions, contrary to
the Labour Relations Act. Mr Poulin's conduct, as alleged by the
Union, includes the following
(i) Mr Jeremschuk's store manager reported to Mr Poulin Mr
Jeremschuk was told by his store manager around March
2003 that if he continued to file grievances on behalf of
bargaining unit employees, Mr Poulin would be transfer him
out of his store (#32), and to the Windsor Depot. Mr
Jeremschuk did not change his conduct as a Union Steward
in response to this information
(ij) In April 2003, Mr Jeremschuk's store manager had a
telephone conversation with Mr Poulin, and when the
conversation was finished the manager told Mr Jeremschuk
that he was "out of here" and was going to be transferred to
the Windsor Depot by Mr Poulin He was so transferred
approximately 2 weeks later by Mr Poulin
(iii) Mr Poulin arranged for another union representative of Mr
Poulin's choice to attend grievance meetings, rather than Mr
Jeremschuk whom the employees had chosen to represent
them
8 The Employer filed a response to the 2003 Labour Board Application on
January 22, 2004
~
8
9 Mr Bechard has not filed a grievance pertaining to any of the allegations
set out in the 2003 Labour Board Application,
10 Ms. Welzel filed a grievance dated December 10, 2002 that alleges a
violation of Articles 31 1 (d)(i), 27,3(ii) and 2.1 (a)(b) Her grievance has
been referred to the GSB by the Union and was scheduled for arbitration
on March 17, 2004, but adjourned because no Vice-Chair was available
11 Ms. Gauld has not filed a grievance pertaining to any of the allegations set
out in the 2003 Labour Board Application.
12. Mr Jeremschuk filed a grievance about his transfer in April 2003.
13 By correspondence dated May 19, 2004, the Union advised the Registrar
of the Ontario Labour Rela.tions Board that it wanted to rely upon
alJesaiiens in add.:icn it; i:hose fihrd in its ~OO.3 Labour BoarrllA'Flicnl'wn
An ~utljne Cif -me allegatiOIls; af the n~w complaInants (!-E3re Ilclher
collectively "supplementary allegations"), which the Union intends to
introduce as evidence ,and rely upon in the Mcilwain arbitration, is set out
below
(a) Mike Furey
Mr Furey is a casual employee who participated in a grievance
meeting about some of his grievances with a store manager and a
union representative As part of the settlement, Mr Furey's
grievance would be withdrawn and he would be transferred to
another store He was directed to contact Mr Poulin to find out the
stores to which he may be transferred and then he would be able to
pick which store he wanted When he contacted Mr Poulin, Mr
Poulin advised that he would not be transferred to another store
unless he withdrew two other outstanding grievances. Mr Furey
called his union representative, who called the Union head office
and advised the terms of the settlement were not honoured Mr
Furey then contacted Mr Poulin again, who provided a list of the
stores that he could be transferred to in accordance with the terms
of the settlement.
I
(b) Ron Mitchell \
Mr Mitchell worked with the Employer for thirty (30) years, and was
the "C" manager of store 286, Kingsville, for twenty (20) years until
November 2001, when he offered to take a demotion to the position
of customer service representative in the Essex store in January
2002. Mr Mitchell retired from the Employer in January 2003, and
would testify that the sole reason he elected to retire early was his
'"
.
-------~--,.__.~- --
9
treatment at the hands of Mr Poulin. Mr Mitchell alleges that Mr
Poulin would telephone his store 3 to 4 times per week, and would
drop into the store frequently to check on Mr Mitchell's
whereabouts, when Mr Mitchell was a C store manager; Mr Poulin
insinuated that it was necessary that he check on Mr Mitchell in
this way, and Mr Poulin made this known to the store staff that
reported to Mr Mitchell, thus undermining Mr Mitchell's relations
with his staff within the C store. In a discussion with Mr Mitchell in
mid-2001 about Mr Mitchell's work-related disability, Mr Poulin
said in a rude and threatening tone, "I don't think you're that fucking
hu rt" In January 2002, other employees advised Mr Mitchell that
Mr Poulin had been braggin,g to them that Mr Poulin was going to
the Essex store to "put one more nail in Mitchell's coffin"
(c) Rick Chrysler
Ht.. Clrjr:fslef' lS a. permanen~ folll tlffle codo~ serVice
representative whose son has a peanut allergy and has medication
known as an "epi-pen", which can only be administered by his son
or his parents (and not his school) Mr Chrysler has worked in
Blenheim at a store that is close to his son's school, and he wished
to work close to his son's school so that he could respond quickly in
the event that his son had a medical emergency In 2001, the
Employer's CEO, Andy Brandt, overturned a decision to transfer
Mr Chrysler away from his son's school. Since then, Mr Poulin
has frequently said to Mr Chrysler 'What are you going to do when
Andy Brandt is gone?" and "I can transfer you any time I feel like if
After the Union filed the 2003 Labour Board Application, Mr
Chrysler was advised on January 5, 2004 that he would be
transferred out of the Bleinhem store effective January 19, 2004
He would testify that he has been subjected to harassment,
intimidation and threats over the years by Mr Poulin since 2001, as
Mr Poulin threatened to transfer him out of the Blenheim store
although Mr Poulin is fully aware of the son's medical condition
(d) Bob Sussex
Mr Sussex is a thirty (30) year employee and the Manager of the
Bleinheim Store #348 He will testify that Mr Poulin, to whom he
reports directly, is typically rude and abusive in their dealings and
conversations. This includes comments by Mr Poulin about the
condition of the store while customers were present, namely Mr
Poulin said "This is the worst fucking store in my district." Mr
Poulin stated to Mr Sussex's employee - Mr Chrysler - that he
wondered how Mr Sussex would like to be suspended for a day or
two, thereby discussing a confidential matter with one of Mr
~
.
-~----- -
10
Sussex's staff A trade representative told Mr Sussex that Mr
Poulin made a comment during a Christmas party that the trade
representative believed was a racial slur Mr Sussex would
consider taking early retirement in June 2004 rather than work with
Mr Poulin
(e) John Nenez
Mr Nenez is a former store manager who advised the Union that
he did take early retirement because of Mr Poulin Mr Poulin
treated him disgracefully when his wife was dying of cancer,
screamed and yelled at him, and was threatening when he needed
time off to be with her Mr Poulin constantly threatened to
terminate Mr Nenez's employment with the LCBO over minor
issues. At thle time, Mr Nenez was a long service employee with
"0 disci,s'ltne re~OJdt hu:~ ~ found tr\8SS thref:.ts to i'; job to be
unbea~ab!y S"lrassful a+ a time when his wife was cri:ically ill, and he
was concerned that he would lose his job and his health benefits,
which he needed to cover his wife's medication Mr Nenez's wife
died on December 23, 2001
15 Mr Mitchell did not file a grievance pertaining to these allegations.
13. Mr Sussex did not file a grievance pertaining to these allegations
14 Mr Nenez did not file a grievance pertaining to these allegations.
15 The Employer wrote to the Ontario Labour Relations Board by letter dated
May 25, 2004, objecting to the Union's attempt to raise' and rely upon the
allegations set out in paragraph%above
13
16 The Ontario Labour Relations Board has not scheduled a hearing into the
2003 Labour Board Application and/or the subsequent allegations, and
has therefore not made any decisions or findings on the Union's
allegations.
.f~YJt..P hs \ ~\ 1& + \q ttK ~ck4
ALL OF WHICH IS RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED FOR THE PURPOSES OF
THE MCILWAIN ARBITRATION
DATED AT SARNIA, THIS 26TH DAY OF OCTOBER, 2004
Alison Re~ /;;;: Employer
lO-
.
~
______._n___ -_..._._----
G. I~
-
(\~
JUliatble, fort e Union
X\... \mcilwain\ agreed statement of facts October 2004 [October 16, 2004 draft]
.
'"
-
~
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~
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Interaepcrtment or store
c:orre..pondence only
-
Th, SO\lr~a fer er,ier1ai" "g Idqq$
"
S tore Managers "-
to District #12
from Myron Tymochko
Distnct Manager # 12
ce' Yolanda \Vatson
Manager, HR Services Central RegIon
date: January 13, 2003
re: Casual Employee Breaks/Lunches
Further to the minutes of the November 21, 2002 Store M~"1agers meetmg please see the
followmg revised breakdown regarding breaks & lunches for casual employees'
Shift Breaks I
3 % hours No break ~
4 hours 15 mmute break
4 ~ hours 15 mmute break
5 hours 15 minute break
5 \/2, hours Y~ hour unpaid lunch break an..d one 15 mmute break
6 hours 11 hour unoaid lunch break ar.d one 15 mmute break
6 Yl hours ~,. hour unpaId lunch break and one 15 minute brea..'" I
7 hours ! l/% hour unpaid lunch break and one 15 minute break
7 ~Ii hours 'l~ hour urlpald lunch break and one 15 minute break
8 hours Yz hour unpaId lunch and two 15 minute breaks
8 Yt hours THERE SHOULD BE NO 8 y~ HOUR SHIFTS FOR CASUALS
.
Please be sure to begm scheduling breaks aecordlng to the above breakdown effectIve
immediately
Not for release out$ldt eht LeBO without the approval of the Retail Divl$lon
2~l/20 d 916221L50S6 O~ ~258 6p6 506 93d l~~~N3J OaJ~ ~~ 91 51 8002 92 d3S