HomeMy WebLinkAbout2004-1321.Anger et al.08-08-29 Decision
Commission de
Crown Employees
Grievance Settlement
règlement des griefs
Board
des employés de la
Couronne
Suite 600 Bureau 600
180 Dundas St. West 180, rue Dundas Ouest
Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8 Toronto (Ontario) M5G 1Z8
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GSB#2004-1321
UNION#2003-0154-0014
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION
Under
THE CROWN EMPLOYEES COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ACT
Before
THE GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT BOARD
BETWEEN
Ontario Public Service Employees Union
(Anger et al)
Grievor
- and -
The Crown in Right of Ontario
(Ministry of Community and Social Services)
Employer
BEFORE Michael V. Watters Vice-Chair
FOR THE UNION Ernest A. Schirru
Koskie Minsky LLP
Barristers and Solicitors
FOR THE EMPLOYER Lisa Compagnone
Ministry of Government Services
HEARING April 17, June 25 and July 3, 2008.
2
Decision
The parties to this proceeding filed the following Agreed Statement of Facts:
BACKGROUND
?
1.The Ministry of Community and Social Services (the ?Ministry?) is
responsible for administering Ontario Disability Support Program
(?ODSP?) services to the public at various offices across the Province
of Ontario, including the current Windsor ODSP Office located at 270
Erie Street East. The ODSP provides province-wide income and
employment support and benefits to persons with disabilities and their
families.
2.Principles of ODSP include providing clients with an accessible,
comfortable and confidential environment, and to work with people
with disabilities. These objectives are consistent with the Ontarians
with Disabilities Act, 2001.
Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2001, S.O. 2001, c.32 at Tab 1 of
the Ministry?s Book of Documents
Accessibility for Ontarians with Disability Act, S.O. 2005 at Tab 2
of the Ministry?s Book of Documents
Guide for Reviewing Policies Pursuant to Ontarians with
Disabilities Act, 2001 at Tab 3 of the Ministry?s Book of Documents
3.The Ontario Public Service Employees? Union is the exclusive
bargaining agent for ODSP Client Service Representatives (?CSR?),
Income Support Specialists (?ISS?) and Income Support Clerks
(?ISC?) (cumulatively referred to as ?ODSP staff?) employed by the
Ministry and working at the Windsor ODSP Office currently located
at 270 Erie Street East in Windsor, Ontario.
Job Description for CSR at Tab 4 of the Ministry?s Book of
Documents
Job Description for ISS at Tab 5 of the Ministry?s Book of
Documents
3
Job Description for ISC at Tab 6 of the Ministry?s Book of
Documents
4.On or about October, 2003, the Windsor ODSP office moved from its
previous 250 Windsor Avenue location to the current 270 Erie Street
East location.
5.The ODSP office reception area desk at the previous 250 Windsor
Avenue location included a physical barrier separating ODSP staff
from client contact. This physical barrier was agreed to in a without
prejudice settlement of a grievance filed by OPSEU. The parties
agree not to rely on the without prejudice settlement as part of their
individual cases presently before Vice Chair Watters of the GSB.
A copy of this grievance is attached at Tab 7 and the settlement is
attached at Tab 8 of the Ministry?s Book of Documents
6.The ODSP office reception area desk at the current 270 Erie Street
East location is not equipped with any physical barrier separating
ODSP staff from clients, other than the current front counter. Details
of which are provided below.
Pictures of the current ODSP office reception area desk at Tab 15
of the Union?s Book of Documents
7.In terms of the front desk, ODSP clients wishing to receive service
would obtain a numbered ticket from a dispenser, and they would go
to the front counter once their number has been called. In most
instances, clients are then initially greeted by an ISC and are then
referred to a CSR to address their needs. The service at the front
counter is for matters that may take 5 to 10 minutes. For a matter that
may take longer, the client is encouraged to make an appointment
with an ISS.
8.For each of the following years the number of clients identified that
were served in the Windsor ODSP office are:
2004 - 16,013 clients were served
2005 - 18,935 clients were served
2006 - 27,063 clients were served
2007 - 24,617 clients were served
4
These numbers do not include general public inquiries.
9.ODSP staff complete and sign an incident report if there is behavior
which is or is perceived to be threatening and/or disruptive to any staff
member, other clients or property. Samples of incident reports
compiled at the Windsor ODSP office located at 270 Erie Street East
from and after November 2005 can be found at Tab 16 a-p of the
Union?s Book of Documents.
Relevant Incident Reports at Tab 16 of the Union?s Book of
Documents
10.On or about November 12, 2003, OPSEU filed a grievance on behalf
of ODSP staff at the Windsor ODSP office alleging a violation of the
Ministry?s obligations as set out in Article 9 of the Collective
Agreement and section 25(2)(h) of the Occupational Health and Safety
Act (the ?Grievance?).
Grievance at Tab 1 of the Union?s Book of Documents
11.On or about February 28, 2006, the parties entered into a
Memorandum of Settlement in relation to the Grievance (the
?Settlement?). Under the terms of the Settlement, the Ministry agreed
to review the design of the front counter in Windsor ODSP office in
order to determine if there are options for enhancing the security
without compromising accessibility for the ODSP office?s clients.
Memorandum of Settlement dated February 28, 2006 at Tab 2 of the
Union?s Book of Documents
12.The process of review required OPSEU to provide the Ministry with a
written proposal for the modification of the front counter.
OPSEU?s written proposal at Tabs 3 and 4 of the Union?s
Book of Documents
13.The Ministry provided written responses to OPSEU?s redesign
proposal on June 29, 2006.
Ministry?s response can be found at Tab 5 of the Union?s Book of
Documents
5
14.On October 10, 2006 the employer invited OPSEU to discussions
intended to resolve the outstanding grievance.
The Ministry?s letter to Ms. Anger can be found at Tab 6 of the
Union?s Book of Documents
15.On April 10, 2007, the Interest Based Problem Solving (?IBPS?)
Team, made up of members of both OPSEU, local management,
regional management and corporate representatives, met in an attempt
to resolve the Grievance. During this meeting, the parties agreed that
management would work with the Capital Accommodation Services
Branch and provide redesigns to OPSEU. The final design selected
would be put forward to senior management for final decision.
The Memorandum can be found at Tab 7 of the Union?s Book of
Documents
16.In or around June 21, 2007 the Ministry provided to OPSEU a draft
redesign that was as a result of the IBPS and that was later forwarded
to senior management for final decision.
The draft re-design is attached at Tab 10 of the Union?s Book of
Documents
17.On September 11, 2007, the Ministry and OPSEU issued a joint
memorandum to all Windsor ODSP Staff providing an update on the
solutions agreed to by the IBPS Team during their April 10, 2007
meeting. In this memorandum, it states:
?union representatives and regional management have now
reviewed the design and agreed to the concept as well as
measurements.? The architect has taken these suggestions and will
provide the revised design by early September. The final design will
then be taken to senior ministry management for final decision.
A copy of this memorandum can be found at Tab 8 of the
Union?s Book of Documents
18.On or about October 30, 2007, the Ministry arranged for a risk
assessment audit of the Windsor ODSP office located at 270 Erie
6
Street East by the Windsor Police Department. The audit conducted
by Barry Horrobin, Director of Planning and Physical Resources of the
Windsor Police Department and Vince Power, Operational Support
Services of the Windsor Police Department, reviewed the front counter
as it existed at the time of the audit, as well as the draft re-design that
was as a result of the IBPS.
?Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and Threat and
Risk Assessment? by Windsor Police Department at Tab 9 of the
Union?s Book of Documents
19.In its e-mail dated November 9, 2007, the Ministry informed OPSEU
that they could agree on all modifications except for one. That being
the installation of plexiglass to the front-counter.
The e-mail is attached at Tab 9 of the Ministry?s Book of
Documents
20.In and around November 16, 2007, OPSEU exercised its right as set
out in paragraph 1(D) of the Settlement and contacted the Grievance
Settlement Board to have the Grievance re-listed for hearing before
Arbitrator Watters. Paragraph 1(D) provides:
If the parties are unable to reach an agreement for the
modifications for the front counter, the matter shall be referred to
Vice-Chair Michael Watters for arbitration. Each party shall submit
their proposal to Vice-Chair Watters, who will then make a
determination as to which proposal meets its [the Ministry?s]
obligations under the Collective Agreement and applicable
legislation.
21.The Grievance Settlement Board re-listed the Grievance for arbitration
hearing in Toronto, Ontario on April 17, 2008 and Windsor, Ontario
on June 25, 26 and July 3, 2008.
ISSUE BEFORE THIS BOARD
22.The parties are in agreement that the issue currently before Arbitrator
Watters is accurately set out in paragraph 1(D) of the Settlement.
7
23.It is OPSEU?s position that the redesign ?concept? found at Tab 10 of
the Union?s Book of Documents, is the only redesign concept that
adequately addresses the health and safety issues, threats and concerns
faced by Windsor ODSP staff, therefore meeting the Ministry?s
obligations under the Collective Agreement and applicable legislation.
More specifically, OPSEU maintains that some form of physical
barrier of no less than six feet in height is necessary in order to protect
ODSP staff from physical contact and/or the possibility of human
bodily fluid exchange with ODSP clientele or the general public. The
Ministry specifically disagrees with this position, and the allegations
contained therein.
24.It is the Ministry?s position that its redesign concept, which includes
numerous safety precautions, protects the grievors? health and safety.
The redesign concept satisfies the Ministry?s obligations under the
Collective Agreement and applicable legislation. OPSEU specifically
disagrees with this position, and the allegations contained therein.
25.It is OPSEU?s further position that the physical barrier proposed does
not reduce accessibility, comfort or confidentiality for clients. The
Ministry specifically disagrees with this position and the assertions
contained therein.
26.The redesign concept advocated by the Ministry is influenced by the
Model Office Guidelines (?Guidelines?), as well as previous
agreement between OPSEU and the Ministry the nature of which are
set out in paragraph 30.
Model Office Guidelines are attached
Document Related to the Model Office Guidelines are at Tab 10
and Tab 11 of the Ministry?s Book of Documents
27.It is the Ministry?s position that the Guidelines provide office design
standards that increase accessibility, comfort and confidentiality for
ODSP clients, while ensuring a safe workplace for employees. The
intention of the Ministry is to use these Guidelines for the design of
ODSP offices as the offices do major renovations or relocate. OPSEU
specifically disagrees with this position, and the allegations contained
therein. For greater clarity, OPSEU?s response to the Guidelines is
attached.
8
OPSEU?s Response to MCFCS ODSP Office Model Design, at Tab 12 of
Ministry?s Book of Documents
28.It is also the Ministry?s position that the Guidelines specifically
exclude Plexiglass as it sets an adversarial tone between clients and
staff which fosters more aggressive behavior from clients, and hinders
accessibility. OPSEU specifically disagrees with this position, and the
allegations contained therein.
29.The following safety features have been implemented as a result of the
Guidelines:
i.Alarm/panic buttons at each CSR service area at the front of the
counter and in each interview room;
ii. Seating, side tables, miscellaneous accessories such as brochure
holders, dispensers and poster holders are securely fastened to
the floor and/or wall;
iii. Raised counter (47.5 inches at its highest point; 38 inches at
center section) and width of counter (42 inches deep) to provide
passive barrier between staff and clients;
iv. Location of counter and waiting area facilitates full and
unobstructed view of entire reception at all times;
v.The secure interview room for difficult clients.
30.OPSEU and the Employer have agreed to install the additional safety
features:
i.bump-ups on the right and left of the CSR counter to increase
height [June 2004];
ii. an arc shaped out towards clients to increase the depth of CSR
counter [June 2004];
iii. a drop down counter at the main front for clients who require
wheelchair accessibility [June 2004];
9
iv. an additional emergency button at CSR counter [June 2004];
31.The Ministry?s proposal for the physical structure, security procedure
and staff training includes the precautions identified below.
Ministry?s proposal is at Tab 13 of the Ministry?s Book of
Documents
32.In regards to the physical structure, the Ministry is willing to
implement the following proposals put forward by the union:
i.move reception area to west end of office (semi-circular desk
area);
ii. add signage to reception area to clarify new location for clients;
iii. move the ?take a number? dispenser closer to client entrance;
iv. move public phone from current location to another area in the
lobby (location to be determined by management and union);
v. install privacy panels to establish 3 separate service areas at
front counter;
vi. reduce millwork along the ?Trillium Logo? wall to provide
additional space in reception and improve accessibility;
vii. install Pixel-board above center service area at front counter for
enhanced messaging to clients.
33.In regards to security procedures, the Ministry proposes the following:
i.Staff Safety 911 package procedures as updated (June 2006).
This package is a standing item on staff meetings for review and
questions;
ii. Monthly testing of emergency buttons and correction of any
issues (June 2006);
10
iii. Staff continue to have authority to contact police directly in
emergency situations and a detailed protocol has been further
defined in consultation with local police (March 2008);
iv. Protocols exist regarding response to panic button activation, but
can be enhanced based on the police risk assessment report;
v.Mock incident drills can be introduced outside of office hours
with agreement from the Union.
Staff Safety 911 package is attached as Tab 14
34.Additional security features the Ministry will commit to or has
implemented based on Windsor Police risk assessment referred to at
paragraph 16 above and found at Tab 9 of the Union?s book of
Documents:
i.Raise the entire counter to 48 inches;
ii. Effective April 2008 the alarm sound that is triggered by panic
buttons has been changed to a ?chime? that is only audible in the
back of the house office area;
iii. Effective April 2008 a strobe light has been added that triggers in
the back of the house office area when panic button is depressed
out front;
iv. Effective April 2008 four new redesigned panic buttons have
been located at reception so they are easy to depress and
separated from other types of buttons;
v.Add acrylic paneling to secure interview room from desk top to
underside of ceiling (with sliding panels so room could be used
for regular as well as difficult clients.);
35.Additional features the Ministry has implemented based on the
Windsor Police risk assessment (effective April 25, 2008):
i.Four enunciators have been installed in strategic locations in the
back office area so that management/ staff in areas of the office
could hear the alarm;
11
ii. Door from lobby leading into the office has been changed to a
door set that cannot be left unlocked;
iii. Two set of front doors have been changed to magnetic electronic
locks that are connected to access and security systems-doors
unlocked at 8:30 a.m. but also have a ?first person in? security of
a card reader behind the counter.This will ensure clients are not
able to enter the building before staff are present at the front
desk, and enable staff to remotely lock the front door as deemed
necessary;
iv. Emergency lock button for front doors-front doors can now be
locked by this button located at the front counter reception at any
time during the workday, at the direction of the supervisor.
36.In regards to training, the Ministry proposes or has implemented the
following:
i.All current staff were provided with Non-Violence Crisis
Intervention training as of April 10, 2008. It has been added to
Windsor?s annual training plan scheduled for new staff and
refreshers for existing staff on an ongoing basis;
NVCI Intervention at Tab 15 of the Ministry?s Book of Documents
ii. Staff have been provided with Access, Awareness and
Accountability (AAA) training to increase awareness regarding
disabilities for clients;
AAA Training Curriculum at Tab 16 of the Ministry?s Book of Documents
iii. Enhanced training has now been developed regarding client
disabilities and appropriate staff responses has been provided to
all staff through the PACE (Professional Advancement and
Career Education) program. All staff in the South West Region
who are not on leave have been trained. The remaining Windsor
staff completed this training in April 2008.
12
PACE at Tab 17 of the Ministry?s Book of Documents
iv. Police have attended the office to meet with staff and
management to discuss police contact protocols during
emergency situations (October 2007).
v.The Canadian Mental Health Association and other community
partners attend the Windsor office periodically to make
presentations to staff and managers regarding client disabilities
and appropriate responses. Other community partners include:
-Salvation Army
-Multicultural Council
-Citizen and Immigration
-211 Information and Referral Service
-Association for Persons with Physical Disabilities
-Housing Information Services
-Windsor Regional Hospital Problem Gambling Services
-Homelessness Coalition.
vi. Effective April 2008, staff have received training on the
additional security features effective April 25, 2008 (as listed in
the relevant portion of the physical section above).?
The Agreed Statement of Facts, hereinafter referred to as the ?ASF?, sets out the factual
context of the dispute, the history of events which occurred subsequent to the filing of the grievance
and the parties general positions with respect to the issues raised therein. It further references the
supporting documents relied on by the parties and contained within their respective Book of
Documents.
At the hearing of July 3, 2008, the parties presented their arguments on the basis of the ASF.
At that time, the Union filed the following authorities in support of its position: Parry Sound
(District) v. OPSEU, Local 324, [2003] S.C.J. No. 42; R. v. Timminco Limited (2001), 54 O.R. (3d)
21 (Ont. C.A.); Ministry of Public Safety and Security v. William Schill et al., [2003] O.O.H.S.A.D.
13
No. 105; Re Caughlin, [1987] O.O.H.S.A.D. No. 21; Street Cartage Ltd., [2006] O.O.H.S.A.D. No.
19. In response, the Employer relied on the following awards: Andrews et al., 1815/89
(Goldenberg); McFarlane, 1641/94 (Watters); OPSEU v. Ministry of Transportation and Ministry of
Labour, [2006] O.O.H.S.A.D. No. 39; Sickinger v. Intercept Security Services and Ministry of
Labour, [1998] O.O.H.S.A.D. No. 159.
It is unnecessary to refer to all of the supporting documents and authorities. They have,
however, been considered at some length in the process of preparing this Decision.
This proceeding arises from a grievance dated November 12, 2003, the material part of which
reads:
?STATEMENT OF GRIEVANCE
We (attached) grieve that the provisions for our health and safety in our new work location
have been compromised in regard to the front counter-Article 9-Collective Agreement
SETTLEMENT DESIRED
That management take immediate steps to provide plexiglass to the front
counter as we had in our previous work location prompted by a grievance
for health and safety.That management consider input from staff and a
qualified member from OHCOW for advice in the construction."
The parties signed a Memorandum of Settlement on February 28, 2006 in respect of the above
grievance. The document contains the following provisions:
??????????????????????????.
1. The employer agrees to review the design of the front counter in the
Windsor ODSP office in order to determine if there are options for
enhancing security without compromising accessibility for the ODSP
office?s clients. The process for this review shall be as follows:
14
A) The grievors shall provide to the employer in writing by no
later than April 30, 2006 with a proposal for modifying the
design of the front counter. For greater clarity, the proposal
shall not include the installation of floor-to-ceiling barriers.
B) The employer will meet with the grievors by no later than
June 30, 2006 in order to respond to their proposal.
C) If an agreement is reached on the modification for the front
counter, the employer shall consult with an architect or such
other expert as required in order to determine the
modifications? structural feasibility and compliance with
applicable legislation (including but not limited to the
Ontarians With Disabilities Act). It is understood by the
parties that the implementation of the agreed upon
modifications is subject to the approval of the architect or
expert, to be done by December 31, 2006.
D) If the parties are unable to reach an agreement for the
modifications for the front counter, the matter shall be
referred to Vice-Chair Michael Watters for arbitration. Each
party shall submit their proposal to Vice-Chair Watters, who
will then make a determination as to which proposal meets its
obligations under the Collective Agreement and applicable
legislation.
???????????????????????
Following the execution of the Memorandum of Settlement, the parties engaged in the process
described therein. The steps taken are documented in paragraphs 12 to 19, inclusive, of the ASF and
do not need to be repeated here in any detail. Two (2) points, however, do merit mention. First, the
Interest Based Problem Solving Team referenced in paragraphs 15, 16 and 17 of the ASF reached an
agreement, subject to the approval of ?senior ministry management?, on the redesign of the front
reception counter at the Windsor ODSP Office. A picture of the redesigned counter is found at Tab
10 of the Union?s Book of Documents. It shows plexiglass or acrylic partitions, or barriers, at each
of the work stations at the counter. As the picture is without dimensions, it is difficult to accurately
judge the height of the partition. On my view, I would roughly estimate its top height at about six
15
feet (6'). The picture also depicts an opening, or gap, in the partition at each work station to
facilitate communication between employee and client. I estimate that the openings are
approximately one and one-half feet (1 ½') in width. Second, the Employer by e-mail of November
9, 2007 informed the Union that, while it could agree to a number of modifications, it could not
agree to the creation of a partition or barrier of the type mentioned above. In this regard, the e-mail
reads:
?Ministry management was not able to agree to the acrylic panels that are
included in the attached drawing in each service area (they look like clear
panels that sit on top of the counter). The rationale for this decision was
that the other security modifications and existing security measures and
procedures address the priority of staff safety, and there was concern that
the panels detract from the open, accessible and welcoming atmosphere the
Ministry is trying to create for clients.?
Shortly after receipt of the above communication, the Union elected to exercise its right under
paragraph 1.(D) of the Memorandum of Settlement to have the grievance referred back to the
Grievance Settlement Board for final and binding arbitration. Pursuant to the aforementioned
paragraph, each party was to submit their proposal, in respect of the modifications for the front
counter, to this Vice-Chairperson following which I was empowered to ?make a determination as to
which proposal meets its obligations under the Collective Agreement and applicable legislation?.
The relevant provision of the collective agreement is article 9.1, which reads:
The Employer shall continue to make reasonable provisions for the safety
and health of its employees during the hours of their employment. It is
agreed that both the Employer and the Union shall co-operate to the fullest
extent possible in the prevention of accidents and in the reasonable
promotion of safety and health of all employees.
16
In Andrews et al., the Board summarized the appropriate standard to apply in cases involving
article 9.1 (then article 18.1) as follows:
?1. There is no obligation on the employer to guarantee an employee?s
safety against every possible risk, no matter how remote the
possibility that it will occur;
2. It is necessary to balance the safety of the employees against the
operational needs and purposes of the institution or program in
which they work; and
3. Proper planning can reduce the potential or likelihood of incidents,
but it is not possible to eliminate all conceivable risks.?
(page 15)
The approach articulated in the above excerpt was applied by this Vice-Chairperson in McFarlane.
The relevant provision of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. 0.1 is
section 25(2)(h), which reads:
Without limiting the strict duty imposed by subsection (1), an employer shall,
????????????????????????
h) take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection
of a worker;
????????????????????????
In R.v. Timminco Limited, the Ontario Court of Appeal commented as follows with respect to
the nature of the Occupational Health and Safety Act:
?[22] The Occupational Health and Safety Act is a public welfare statute.
The broad purpose of the statute is to maintain and promote a
reasonable level of protection for the health and safety of workers in
and about their workplace. It should be interpreted in a manner
consistent with its broad purpose??.?
17
The word ?reasonable?, as found in section 25(2)(h), was the subject of interpretation in
Ministry of Transportation and Ministry of Labour, a decision of the Ontario Labour Relations
Board. The Board there noted:
?146 There is surprisingly little case law on what the word ?reasonable?
in s. 25(2)(h) means. However, on the face of the provision the
word ?reasonable? clearly modifies the words ?take every
precaution in the circumstances?. Therefore, it is not every
precaution which must be taken, but only reasonable precautions.
Determining what is reasonable involves balancing the benefit to be
gained by taking the precaution against all other relevant factors.
These factors could include, among other things, the cost of the
precaution and its effect on efficiency.
147 There was some suggestion that the severity of the risk and
likelihood that the risk will actually occur are not relevant. I
disagree?????????????..?
On this latter point, the Ontario Labour Relations Board in Intercept Security Services similarly
observed:
?57 Although counsel for the applicant argued that the frequency with
which the risk is faced is irrelevant, I disagree. Section 25(2)(h)
requires an employer to take ?every precaution reasonable in the
circumstances for the protection of a worker?. The language
?reasonable in the circumstances? requires a consideration of the
magnitude of the risk and its frequency???????
The further decisions of the Ontario Labour Relations Board in Ministry of Public Safety and
Security v. William Schill et al. and in Street Cartage Ltd. stand, generally, for the proposition that
the statutory requirement to take precautions reasonable in the circumstances is not dependent on
there having been some prior incident adversely affecting the health and safety of an employee. In
the former decision, the Board stated:
18
?14 ??????????????????????? ?.No
prior adverse incident is necessary to involve the protection of the
ACT. In another context, one need not wait for a worker to be
electrocuted to justify an order that hoisting equipment not be
permitted within close proximity to a high voltage power line. The
absence of a prior incident does not necessarily lead to the
conclusion that there is no risk to worker safety:
???????????????????????
In the latter decision, the Board noted as follows at paragraph 9: ?The fact that there have been no
workplace injuries for a number of years does not mean that the issues identified by the Inspector do
not constitute a hazard to the health and safety of the workers?.
In summary, a similar approach must be taken when assessing the applicability of article 9.1
of the collective agreement and/or section 25(2)(h) of the Occupational Health and Safety Act. An
Employer, under both the agreement and the statute, does not have to take steps to guarantee an
employee?s health and safety against all possible or conceivable risks, no matter how remote they
may be. The Employer, instead, is bound to make reasonable provisions under the former, and to
take reasonable precautions under the latter, so as to provide the appropriate level of protection to
employees. The test is one of reasonableness which, necessarily, requires consideration of a
multitude of factors. I also accept that, in resolving the type of issue now before me, an objective
standard must be used. I note the following comment in Re Caughlin on this point:
?13 ????????.., I find that one must look at objective criteria
to determine if any worker is endangered by the work environment
and that the worker?s subjective feeling about danger is not
sufficient to render a job dangerous to that worker. The worker?s
perception must be a reasonable one grounded on demonstrable and
objective criteria.?
19
The Union?s position is set out in paragraphs 23 and 25 of the ASF. As stated therein, the
Union seeks some form of physical barrier of no less than six feet (6') in height in order to protect
ODSP staff from physical contact and/or the possibility of human bodily fluid exchange with
clientele or the general public. Paragraph 23 references Tab 10 of the Union?s Book of Documents,
which has been generally described above, as the type of redesign being sought. In closing
argument, counsel for the Union stated that he was also asking for a modification to Tab 10,
comparable to the one suggested in the risk assessment audit conducted by the Windsor Police
Department. More specifically, the audit suggested that the openings at each of the work stations be
reduced to four inches (4?). The reasoning for this suggestion is captured in the following passage
from the report:
???..The one shortfall is that the opening in the glazed partition being
proposed is of a width that could facilitate an aggressive person striking
the employee. The opening should be reduced to permit unhindered
conversation but will still prevent physical
contact????????????????
It is the further position of the Union that a physical barrier, of the type being proposed, will not
reduce accessibility, comfort or confidentiality for ODSP clients. In substance, the Union asserts
that the installation of a barrier is a reasonable provision or precaution and is necessary to protect the
health and safety of the employees in question.
In support of the above positions, the Union relies on a series of incident reports found at Tabs
16 (a) to (p) of its Book of Documents. Twenty-eight (28) incident reports are provided therein.
There are multiple reports for six (6) of the incidents. Counsel for the Union submitted that the
incident reports evidence a continuing, real and imminent threat of physical harm for the ODSP staff
20
working in the Windsor Office. From his perspective, the alternative measures proposed by the
Employer are reactionary, rather than preventative, in nature and do nothing to protect front-line
staff from agitated and angry clients, many of whom suffer from mental illness, who may be intent
on taking their frustrations out on the employee at the reception counter. Counsel further suggested
that the Employer?s proposals fail to address the Union?s concerns about the potential for individuals
to jump across the counter and assault a staff member, throw projectiles at staff or spit at staff.
The Employer?s proposal is found at Tab 13 of its Book of Documents. This proposal
encompasses the following:
i.the five (5) safety features listed in paragraph 29 of the ASF which have
been implemented as a result of the Model Office Guidelines;
ii.the four (4) additional safety features listed in paragraph 30 of the ASF
which the Employer has agreed to install;
iii.the seven (7) Union proposals, relating to physical structure, listed in
paragraph 32 of the ASF which the Employer is prepared to implement;
iv.the five (5) security procedures listed in paragraph 33 of the ASF which
the Employer has already implemented or is prepared to implement;
v.the five (5) additional security features listed in paragraph 34 of the ASF
which the Employer has implemented or will commit to based on the risk
assessment audit performed by the Windsor Police Department. I note that
the list includes raising the entire front counter to a height of forty-eight
inches (48"); and
vi.the five (5) training initiatives listed in paragraph 36 of the ASF which the
Employer has already implemented or will commit to.
While not found in Tab 13, it is clear that the Employer?s package of proposals in this proceeding
also includes the four (4) additional features listed in paragraph 35 of the ASF which it has
21
implemented following the risk assessment audit. I also note for the record that Tab 13 contains a
sketch, or mock-up, of its proposal for the front counter.
The Employer maintains that the installation of a physical barrier at the front reception
counter, as sought by the Union, would be inconsistent with the intent of the Ontarians with
Disabilities Act, 2001. The pertinent provisions of the legislation read:
Preamble
The people of Ontario support the right of persons of all ages with disabilities to enjoy equal
opportunity and to participate fully in the life of the province.
Ontarians with disabilities experience barriers to participating in the
mainstream of Ontario society. The number of persons with disabilities is
expected to increase as the population ages, since the incidence of
disability increases with age.
The Government of Ontario is committed to working with every sector of
society to build on what it has already achieved together with those sectors
and to move towards a province in which no new barriers are created and
existing ones are removed. This responsibility rests with every social and
economic sector, every region, every government, every organization,
institution and association, and every person in Ontario.
????????????????????????..
Purpose
1.The purpose of this Act is to improve opportunities for persons with
disabilities and to provide for their involvement in the identification,
removal and prevention of barriers to their full participation in the life
of the province.
Definitions
2.(1) In this Act,
?????????????????????????
22
?barrier? means anything that prevents a person with a disability from fully
participating in all aspects of society because of his or her disability,
including a physical barrier, an architectural barrier, an information or
communications barrier, an attitudinal barrier, a technological barrier, a
policy or a practice;
?????????????????????????.
Government buildings, structures and premises
4.(1) In consultation with persons with disabilities and others, the
Government of Ontario shall develop barrier-free design guidelines
to promote accessibility for persons with disabilities to buildings,
structures and premises, or parts of buildings, structures and
premises, that the Government purchases, enters into a lease for,
constructs or significantly renovates after this section comes into
force.
??????????????????????.
(4) The Government of Ontario shall ensure that the design of
buildings, structures and premises, or parts of buildings, structures
and premises, that it purchases, constructs or significantly renovates
after this section comes into force complies with the guidelines
before occupation or regular use by its employees.
The definition of ?barrier? as set out in section 2(1) above is also incorporated into the Accessibility
for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005.
In accordance with the above legislation, the Employer developed Model Office Guidelines
for the Ontario Disability Support Program. The Guidelines were filed as an exhibit in this
proceeding. The ?ODSP Model Office Key Messages? states, in part:
??????????????????????????.
The Government of Ontario, through the Ontarians with Disabilities
Act, is committed to working with people with disabilities to move
towards a province in which no new barriers are created and existing
ones are removed.
The exclusion of plexiglass in the ODSP Model Office design is seen as
removing a systemic barrier.
23
The inclusion of plexiglass is not consistent with the shift both
management and the union are trying to achieve which focuses on
customer service.
The use of plexiglass sets an adversarial tone between clients and staff
which fosters more aggressive behaviors from clients.
It has been found in our offices where plexiglass has been removed that
the safe and comfortable environment reduces the anxiety and
frustration levels in clients and the tendency for aggressive behavior.
Management acknowledges that there needs to be a good balance
between customer service and the health and safety of employees.
?????????????????????????.?
Similar comments are contained in the ?ODSP Model Office Design Handbook Notes?.
I note that the Union took issue with certain aspects of the Model Office Guidelines at the
time they were introduced. Its response to the Guidelines of August 1, 2003 contains the following
statement:
?The design of the front counter must include plexiglass for those offices
who require it. We are aware for instance that there are some rural areas
or small offices who have never had the need for plexiglass as they have
not had any aggressive or threatening outbursts. However, when
relocating or renovating there must be an option to ensure plexiglass in
those offices that currently have it or those offices that opt to use it.
Plexiglass is not viewed as a barrier. Instead plexiglass is seen as an
unintrusive means of insuring staff safety and security. Currently many
offices outside the Ministry and government utilize plexiglass. Offices
such as Doctors, Dentists and other Health Care Professionals utilize a
window at reception. Why would we expect anything less for our ODSP
staff?
?????????????????????????.?
24
In summary, it is the Employer?s position the Union failed to present any evidence, relating to
the likelihood of risk to employees? health and safety; that would justify the need for the physical
barrier sought. In the alternative, counsel for the Employer argued that, at most, the likelihood of
risk is minimal or remote, and that the Employer has taken reasonable precautions to minimize the
risk. Given the nature of the evidence presented, and the seriousness of the issue, I have elected to
focus on this latter submission as, in my judgment, it is the threshold issue separating the parties.
There is no doubt that employees working at the ODSP Office in Windsor have difficult jobs
to perform. The challenges they face are referenced in the following excerpt from the Union?s
response to the Model Office Guidelines:
??????In the past decade the client base has changed considerably
from sole support parents who were downloaded to the municipalities to a
more high risk, high needs clients group who present a variety of
challenges to their service providers.
The closure of facilities for the Developmentally Handicapped and
Psychiatric Hospitals has also had an impact on our program. In the past
these clients had their immediate needs met by the facility or the hospital.
Now these clients are living in the community and depend on our ODSP
offices for continual assistance and support.?
The clients served suffer from mental and/or physical disabilities. I accept that, from time to time,
clients may become frustrated, upset or annoyed at the need to comply with requirements relating to
the initial claim for assistance and/or the continued receipt of benefits. These emotions, for
example, could be triggered by an employee request for additional information or by a client?s
failure to receive a benefits cheque. As a consequence, ODSP staff may periodically have to deal
and interact with persons who act in a disruptive, inappropriate and unpredictable manner. I am left,
25
however, with the distinct impression that the vast majority of clients do not conduct themselves in
this fashion. In this regard, as previously mentioned, the Union filed some twenty-eight (28)
incident reports of what was perceived to be threatening or disruptive behavior occurring from and
after November 2005. I consider it material that in the period 2004 to 2007 inclusive, some eight-six
thousand (86,000) clients were served in the Windsor ODSP Office.
I have reviewed all of the incident reports, and related material, filed by the Union in this
proceeding. My conclusions are as follows:
i.The bulk of the reports deal with inappropriate behavior of a verbal,
rather than a physical, nature.I accept that many of the comments
contained therein, which were attributed to clients, are threatening,
intimidating, disruptive, abusive and profane. I have not been
convinced, however, that this form of objectionable language would be
either prevented or reduced by the erection of a physical barrier;
ii.There is no evidence that any ODSP employee in the Windsor Office
has ever been physically assaulted by a client, either directly or by way
of a thrown projectile. The reports document one (1) unsuccessful
attempt, on the part of a client, to hit an employee. While there is not
much detail relating to this attempt, the client?s inability to make
physical contact supports the Employer?s position that the front counter
is of a sufficient depth to offer reasonable protection to employees
working at that location;
iii.Similarly, there is no evidence that any client has ever jumped or
climbed over the front counter at the Windsor ODSP Office. In any
event, I have some real doubt as to whether the plexiglass barrier, as
depicted at Tab 10 of the Union?s Book of Documents, would prevent a
person from climbing across the counter if they were truly motivated to
do so. At most, I think that the barrier would slow them down. There
is a statement in certain of the reports that staff members were afraid
that the client involved was going to jump across the counter in an
effort to reach them. Their subjective beliefs on this point are not
determinative in the absence of more objective evidence that such
conduct has actually occurred in the period of relevance to this dispute;
26
iv.There is no evidence of any employee having been spit on by a client.
Additionally, apart from one (1) exception, the reports do not document
any incident where there was some potential for the transmission of
infectious disease. The exception relates to a situation in which a client
elected to slice his arm with a knife resulting in blood dripping from the
wound. I am unable to find that the Union?s proposal would either
eliminate or reduce this type of contact were such to occur;
v.I note from the reports that a significant number of the incidents were
diffused or resolved by staff; and
vi.The fact there have been no instances of physical assaults, or related
client misbehavior, is not determinative in and of itself that there is no
risk to employee safety. On the evidence before me, however, I have
not been persuaded that this group of employees are subject to a
continuing, real and imminent threat of physical harm, as claimed. The
content of the incident reports, in the context of the total number of
clients served, does not support such a claim.
In my judgment, the ?Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and Threat and Risk
Assessment? prepared by the Windsor Police Department is a significant document for purposes of
this proceeding. Subject to the one (1) exception referenced earlier, the authors of the audit
concluded that the design arrived at through the Interest Based Problem Solving Team would
address the bulk of the safety deficiencies raised. They stated, however, that the following
alternative measure would achieve the same objective:
?iv. The reception desk has an overall height of 47 ½" at its highest level
but a cut out section in the center that is only 38" high. The overall
depth of the counter is 42". These dimensions nearly meet the
standard for ?non-confrontational design? (48" high x 36" deep) to
safely separate an employee from a member of the public who may
become aggressive. If modifications to the lower section of the
counter could be made to have it match the higher sections, then the
kiosk would fully meet the standard and would satisfy (in the
authors? opinion) the requirements of section 20 of Regulation 851
27
of the Occupational Health and Safety Act pertaining to the use of
protective barriers to ensure a worker?s safety from potentially
unsafe pedestrian interaction.?
As part of its proposal, the Employer has committed itself to raising the entire counter to a height of
forty-eight inches (48"). The commitment is supportive of a conclusion that this aspect of the
Employer?s proposal constitutes a reasonable provision or precaution relative to the employees?
health and safety.
Counsel for the Union argued that there are contradictions in the position advanced by the
Employer, the more important of which are as follows: the Interest Based Problem Solving Team
recommended a design inclusive of a physical barrier, notwithstanding its awareness of the Model
Office Guidelines; the Employer agreed to acrylic paneling to secure the interview room from desk
top to the underside of the ceiling; and the installation of a passive barrier at the counter to a height
of forty-eight inches (48") would create a situation where front line staff would ?tower over? clients
and thereby adversely affect the latters? comfort and accessibility. I have not been persuaded that
these arguments have merit for the following reasons:
i.It is apparent that any design flowing from the Interest Based Problem
Solving Team process was subject to the approval of ?senior ministry
management?. Ultimately, Ministry Officials, presumably at that level,
declined to accept the recommended design as ?there was concern that
the panels detract from the open, accessible and welcoming atmosphere
the Ministry is trying to create for clients?. Under the agreement with
the Union, the Employer was entitled to take that position. It was not
bound to accept the aforementioned recommendation. My task in this
proceeding, in part, is to assess whether the Employer?s refusal to
accept the recommendation of the Interest Based Problem Solving
Team amounted to a breach of its health and safety obligations. This
assessment, necessarily, involves a consideration of both the
recommended design and the Employer?s package of counter measures;
28
ii.I am satisfied that the situation relating to the interview room is
distinguishable from that of the front counter in the reception area. The
former is a secure room designed in part to assist with the processing of
difficult clients. These clients may potentially be flagged through the
use of other office systems and processes. In this respect, the secure
interview room is used for clients who have been identified as
constituting a potential health and safety risk. In this context, it is
understandable why the Employer?s desire for accessibility may be
somewhat less in respect of this room vis a vis at the front counter in
the reception area. (I do recognize that the panel in the interview room
has a built-in window that permits the room to be used for regular
clients). In contrast, the physical barrier sought by the Union affects all
clients who attend at the front counter and is not limited to those
persons who have already been identified as problematic; and
iii.There is insufficient evidence before me to allow for a conclusion that
the passive barrier will decrease the comfort level of clients and reduce
their level of accessibility. Even if it did have that result, I am inclined
to think that such effect would be less than from the type of physical
barrier sought by the Union.
As mentioned previously, the Employer?s package of proposals includes the following
components: the safety features implemented as a consequence of the Model Office Guidelines
(ASF paragraph 29); the additional safety features the Employer and the Union have agreed to (ASF
paragraph 30); the Union?s proposals, relating to the physical structure of the reception area, which
the Employer is prepared to implement (ASF paragraph 32); the Employer?s proposals relating to
security procedures (ASF paragraph 33); the additional security features the Employer will commit
to or has implemented based on the Windsor Police Department risk assessment (ASF paragraph
34); the additional features the Employer has implemented as a consequence of the aforementioned
risk assessment (ASF paragraph 35); and the training the Employer proposes or has implemented
29
(ASF paragraph 36). To reiterate, the Employer?s proposal includes raising the entire counter to a
height of forty-eight inches (48").
After reviewing all of the above-mentioned components, together with the supporting
material, I am satisfied that the Employer?s package of proposals complies with the requirements
imposed by article 9.1 of the collective agreement and section 25(2)(h) of the Occupational Health
and Safety Act. More specifically, I find that the package in its totality is a reasonable provision for
the safety and health of the ODSP employees working at the Windsor Office. Further, I find that,
upon complete implementation, the Employer will have taken every precaution reasonable in the
circumstances for the protection of these employees. In summary, and pursuant to the authority of
paragraph 1(D) of the Memorandum of Settlement dated February 28, 2006, I find that the
Employer?s proposal as described is in accordance with the obligations imposed under the collective
agreement and applicable legislation. In this regard, I have not been persuaded that these contractual
and legislative obligations require the presence of a physical barrier, as sought by the Union. In my
view, the creation of such a barrier would be inconsistent with the intent of the Ontarians with
Disabilities Act, 2001.
I will remain seized to ensure that all the components of the Employer?s proposal are
implemented in a timely fashion.
th
Dated at Toronto, Ontario this 29 day of August, 2008.
M.V. Watters