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IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION
BETWEEN:
THE EASTERN ONTARIO HEALTH UNIT
(The Employer)
AND:
THE ASSOCIATION OF ALLIED HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS: ONTARIO
(The Association)
AND IN THE MATTER OF AN ASSOCIATION POLICY GRIEVANCE
BOARD OF ARBITRATION: HOWARD D. BROWN, CHAIRMAN
JOE HERBERT, UNION NOMINEE
ROBERT WHITTAKER, EMPLOYER NOMINEE
APPEARANCES FOR
THE EMPL9YER:
THOMAS A. STEFANIK, COUNSEL
RAYMOND BESNER, DIR. CORP. SERVICES
APPEARANCES FOR
THE ASSOCIATION:
PHILIP G. HUNT, COUNSEL
SUE, McCULLOCH, L.R.O.
BRIAN GRIFFINS, STAFF REP.
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A HEARING IN THIS MATTER WAS HELD AT OTTAWA ON JUNE 8TH, 1994.
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AWARD
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The Association claims the Employer unilaterally changed
the transportation allowance contrary to Article 16.01 of the
collective agreement which is:
ARTICLE 16 - TRANSPORTATION ULOWi\NCE
16.01
Effective January 1, 1991, the Em~loyer agree~ to
reimburse the employee for all k~loIl1eters dr~ven
for business purposes at the following rates:
o 4,000 km
4001 10,700 km
10,701 24,000 km
over 24,000 km..
30.Sc per km.
26.5c per km.
22.5c per km.
19.0c per kIn.
16.02
Parking expenses for business purposes will be
fully reimbursed.
The grievance dated October 23rd, 1992 requests a re-
calculation of the mileage payment with retroactivity. The issue
concerns the interpretation of the kilometers driven by an employee
"for business purposes". The mileage rates are not at issue. The
grievance was denied by the Employer and was subsequently submitted
to arbitration and came on for hearing as above noted. There is no
dispute between the parties as to the Board's jurisdiction to deal
with this grievance.
It is the Association's position that the practice prior to
October 16th, 1992 when the Employer's policy was changed, was that
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the employees were paid portal to portal for kilometers driven and
requests that payment be restored.
When an ,employee drove directly from her home to se~veclients, ~f
the Health unit without first reporting to her office and returned
home at the end of the last client call of the day the employee had
been paid for all kilometers from and to her home. After October
16th, 1992 the Employer paid mileage claims calculated:from the
office to which the employee is assigned excluding "the distance,to
and from assigned office and place of residence. The Association
further claimed that the Employer was estopped during the life of
this collective agreement from changing the previous practice for
transporation allowance claims.
Ms. McCulloch testified that she attended the negotiations
between the parties for this agreement which took over a year to
conclude and stated that they were aware of the pre-existing
transportation policy and that the transportation allowance was one
of the most contentious issues. It is a significant benefit to. the
employees who make home visits to clients. A number,'of..p:toposals
were exchanged by the parties on this issue including the mileage
rates.
When .the MOH rates were conceded by, the Association the
members wanted a, broad meaning given to the application of:. ,the'
rates which were to be calculated portal to portal that 'is, the
calculation of the mileage starts when an employee leaves' home:)to:.',
service a client and ends at her home unless the employee ,travels',',
directly from her home to the Health, Unit office. "iInthat....
situation the mileage' calculation would commence from that office..: J
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The employee would not be compensated for mileage from her
residence if the office was her first or last stop in her day. She
said the parties agreed to maintain the status quo with regard to
the calculation of the transportation allowance with the applicable
rates.
The Association did not attempt to alter the wording of
Article 16 on the basis that the practice would continue for the
term of this collective agreement which expires on March 31st,
1996. She said that by the prior policy of the Employer, time at
work and business mileage were considered to be the same but after
October 1992 the time worked started at the same point at the
employee's residence but the allowance was differently calculated
from the office. That change was significant to a number of the
employees who live up to 150 kilometers from their office.
If an employee travelled directly from her home to her
office or from the office to her home that mileage was not paid and
that policy has not changed.
Ms. McCulloch agreed that during the negotiations the
Employer did not represent that it would change that practice. She
said that the terms of Article 16 were drafted by the Employer
during negotiations as this was not the Association's proposal.
She agreed that the Employer did not refer to the status quo in
relation to this section or that the mileage would be calculated
from travel to the first to the last client. She agreed that the
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Employer did not change its position during the bargaining. The
Association sought to improve the calculation of mileage by
reference to portal to portal but agreed with the terms of Articl~
16 as drafted. Each employee has an office designated', by the
Employer even if she works at other Health Unit offices;' When they
travelled to other offices an allowance was paid for business
purposes.
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It is the submission for the Association that the Employer
cannot be permitted to unilaterally change the application of an
important monetary issue to the detriment of the employees during
the term of the agreement. When an employee travels from client to
client in a discrete circle and away from home it has been
recognized as business mileage and compensated under Article 16.01.
That was a long standing practice with a common understanding of
the calculation made under this Agreement which cannot be changed
during the course of that Agreement. The Association relied on the
Employer's agreement at negotiations to maintain the status'quo and
therefore did not bargain the guideline language. It relied to its
detriment on the Employer's position on this 'issue at bargaining.
It was argued that the Employer cannot implement policies
inconsistent with the terms of the collective' agreement while "it' is
in effect. Where the Employer's present policy applies -'to the
start and end of the workday from the employee's place'" of' work
there is no dispute but the practice of calculating mileage " from
the employee's home when the first and last visit' is that '-o"f" a
client should be maintained. Re OPSEU and the Crown in Riqht of
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Ontario, a decision of the Grievance Settlement Board (Kates, July
1988) .
It was submitted for the Employer that its policy set out
in October 1992 repeats the terms of and is not inconsistent with
Article 16. It excludes the calculation of the distance from the
employee's residence to her office which is not business travel.
The Employer does not pay employees for their travel from home to
their work place. The Employer is not estopped from reverting to
the system of calculation which is consistent with Article 16. In
its position the portal to portal claim of the Association is not
reasonable.
It was further submitted that there was no clear
representation by the Employer at negotiations which was intended
to be relied on by the Association that the status quo would be
maintained. While Ms.' McCulloch had an understanding that the
employees would not be worse off in the application of Article 16
then before there was no clear evidence of representation on this
issue and there was no effort to define a designated office for the
purposes of the transportation calculation. The Employer is
therefore not estopped from applying its mileage policy in October
1992. Re Cancoil Thermal Corp. and UFCW, LOCAL 175, ,34 L.A.C. (3d)
174 (Little); Re The Eastern Ontario Health Unit and the
Association of Allied Health Professionals: Ontario - policv
Grievance. Job Postinq (Jamieson, June 7,1994).
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The issue arising in this grievance can be determined on
the application of the language of Article 16.01 in which the
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condition for the reimbursement for the transportation allow~nce is
that such kilometers be driven "for business purposes". When ,an
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employee is required by direction of the Employer which c~n be both
by individual direction and by general practice relating to all
employees ,through, a policy ,such as that in place to travel:2~cits
behalf to attend matters of which the Employer is~esponsible,in
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its operations, such travel time by its very nature is travel for
business purposes of the Employer. That concept applies whether
the employee sets out from her residence or from the office, to
attend to the Employer's business. The key to ,this cons\de~ation
is the requirement placed on the employee to service the Employer's
needs in this manner.
On the facts of this case, it has been obviously beneficial
to the Employer to have the employees attend at its,client's
residences to carry out the service required by thep}.,before or if
at all, travelling to their designated office. Arbitrator Jamieson
acknowledged in his award that travel allowances for, the~e
employees were "clearly the primary concern,for the Association"
and that,
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it was conceded that employees "presently operate from'"
more than one office and do service clients in more,than
one area, it took the position that the cOllective"'--
agreement contemplates that each employee in the, "..' ,.
bargaining unit be assigned a single work location~or a
home office: Any requirement to work at locations"away
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from that home office is compensated for under the hours of
work and transportation allowance provision in the
collective agreement."
The issue in that award did not involve the application of Article
16 but was an allegation of an improper job posting where the
Employer has specified two office locations for a single job. In
the present issue however, it is not the loca tion where the
employee is assigned as her office but whether the employee is
required by the Employer to travel to do work for it before giving
to her designated office.
There is no dispute that if the employee reports to the
office before an assignment to a client, the mileage fr.om her
residence to that office' is not calculated or paid under Article
16.01 and we agree that such mileage which is travel to and from
the office at which the employee is assigned and reports is not for
business purposes which would be covered under the terms of Article
16.0L That situation must be separated from the Employer's policy
whi9h by direction or permission of the Employer has been to direct
its employees to travel from their residences to service a client
without first reporting into their office and to return home
without reporting to her office.
The whole of that work day
involves travel from client to client of the Employer which we find
is travel for business purposes. That distinguishes the concept
for the purposes of the Employer from personal mileage driven to
report to the Employer's premises in whichever location the
employees are assigned, before carrying out any work for the
Employer.
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,The parties have not specifically defined the meaning of
"business purposes" but the use of that term reflects that the
travel of employees for which the expectation of reimbursement can
be reasonably expected and the use of the employee's vehicle for
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the purposes of the conduct of any responsibilities in' the
Employer's operations, to which the employee has been as~igned or
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expected to be carried out.
In our view, to direct these employees
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to service clients by travelling from their residences to those of
the clients falls within the purpose and intent of this clause.
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In the Kates award the Board dealt with a travel' allowance
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policy which did not include commuting between an employee'; home
and headquarters. It was found that the employee who was required
to attend a training course and was authorized to use his own
automobile for that purpose and was not required to report to his
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regular place of employment to achieve his destination but' began
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and ended his trip at his residence, "as such he was on' travel
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status at that point".
That finding is consistent 'with the
ordinary meaning of travel for business purposes which relate to
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the operational requirements of the Employer.
In the present case, when the employee reports to 'her
designated office before attending any client of the Employer her
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travel to and, from that office has not been claimed and'is clearly
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in that cont~xt" understood to be part of the policy"which has been
in effect since at least 1987.
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To extend however, that restr~ction
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to all circumstances'is to deem that the employee who' is' requjred
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to give service to a client and does not report to her office at
the start or the end of the day that has it started and ended her
day at her designated office regardless of the Employer's
requirements to service its clients. That is not consistent with
a reasonable interpretation of the purpose for which a
transportation allowance is applied. There is no dispute that such
an allowance is not paid for commuting from an employee's place of
residence to her office. When however, an employee is required to
proceed to deal with a client of her Employer outside of that
parameter, we find such travel is for the benefit of the Employer
and falls within the term of "business purposes" for which the
employee is entitled to compensation under Article 16.01 of this
Agreement. That conclusion is consistent with the Employer's
practice prior to October 6, 1992. We find that the change to the
policy implemented by the Employer after that date was improper as
it was inconsistent with the requirements for payment of the travel
allowance provided by Article 16.01.
Having regard to the foregoing decision, it is not
necessary for the Board to deal with the estoppel issue raised by
the Association.
We find that the Employer's practice as it was with regard
to the payment of Transportation Allowance when the collective
agreement was entered into was consistent with the terms Article
16.01 and its change of policy in October 1992 contravened
those terms by failing to recognize the nature of the travel it
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expected of the employees to carry out 'its normal business
functions and responsibilities.
It is our award therefore that the grievance is allowed.
The Board will retain jurisdiction as to compensation and
implementation of this award.
DATED AT OAKVILLE, THIS 22ND DAY OFNOVEMB~R, 1994.
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HOWARD is.v 0 ,CHAIRMAN'
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JOE E~T, UNION NOMINEE
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ROBERT WHIT~AKER, EMPLOYER,NOMINEE
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DISSENT
Robert Whittaker, Employer Nominee
Re: The Eastern Ontario Health Unit &
The Association of Allied Health Professionals
Transportation Policy Grievance
I must dissent from the majority decision of the Board in an arbitration award
with respect to the above referenced grievance,
The provisions of the collective agreement are relatively straight forward on
the issue in dispute, Employees are entitled to be compensated for mileage that is
incurred while on company business, I am fully in agreement with this principle
which is articulated several times in the award. My dissenting opinion flows from
that portion of the award that would designate as "business travel" that mileage
travelled by employees, from their residences, where they do not first travel to their
designated office at either end of the work day,
For the majority of the employees of the Health Unit, the practice of the
employer in calculating mileage is not an issue, as they regularly report to their
home office before beginning the days assignment, and return to the office at the
end of the work day, Mileage from the office to the various call locations and back
to the office is compensated at the applicable rate per kilometre and is truly
"business'travel" as anticipated by the provisions of the collective agreement.
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The problem arises with those employees who have chosen to live some
distance from their home office. More specifically, employees who live in Ottawa
and Montreal. Employees living at these distant locations have been permitted by
the employer, in many instances, to report directly to the location of their first client
call in the morning and return home at the conclusion of the work day after their
fmal client call. The award, as currently drafted, will compensate these employees
on what is referred to as a "portal to portal" basis. Such a practice would unfairly
favour those employees who have chosen to reside a great distance from their home
office as well as require the employer to compensate them for greater mileage than would be incurred if they were required to report to their home office before
beginning the days assignments,
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In the alternative, the employer could require all employees to report to their
home office at the beginning and conclusion of the work day, While such a practice
would alleviate the problem of compensating employees for mileage which is
properly personal rather than business in nature, it would cause some employees to
spend significantly more time on the road at either end of the work day which is not
necessarily a productive use of time, The practice of the employer with respect to
employees who are not required to report to their home offices on a daily basis,
however, should not result in the employer having to compensate employees for
what in my opinion is properly personal business mileage,
As an alternative, for those employees who begin the work day at a clients
residence rather than their home office it would be more appropriate to provide
compensation for mileage incurred starting at the first client in the morning and
ending with the last client in the day where the employee returns directly home,
rather than home to home as provided for in the award,
In my opinion, I do not believe the award will serve the parties welL I further
do not believe that the parties intended, by the language of the collective agreement,
to have some employees fmancially advantaged at the employers expense through a
practice of accommodation, .
Respectively submitted,
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Robert M. Whittaker
Employer Nominee
RMW:scm
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT
ARBSEV LIMITED
P.O. BOX 249. 226 LAKESHORE ROAD EAST, OAKVILLE. ON L6,J 5A2
IN THE MATTER OF:
TWO ARBITRATIONS
BETWEEN:
EASTERN ONTARIO HEALTH UNIT
AND:
ASSOCIATION OF ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONALS;
ONTARIO
AND IN THE MATTER OF THE GRIEVANCE OF PIERETTE GUILBAULT
AND ASSOCIATION POLICY GRIEVANCE
FOR THE SERVICES OF:
HOWARD D. BROWN
TO hearing room expense
$316.75
TO travel and hearing expenses
851. 00
$1167.75
GST: (7%)
81.75
TO arrangements for and
attendance at hearings
at Ottawa on June 8, 1994,
to consideration and '
preparation of two awards,
to receipt and consideration
of addendum and dissent and
completion with board members,
to correspondence, telephone
and other expenses in total:
GST: (7%)
TOTAL FEES
AMOUNT 10 BE PAID BY EACH
THE EMPLOYER AND THE UNION
$4400.00
308.00
$~6~~LO~EES & EXPENSES:$5,957.5S
$2,978.7:
ACCOUNT NO. 16-85
GST # RlO0245844
November 22, 1994
Please make cheque payable to ARBSEV LIMITED
Please indude a=unt number with
payment to ensure proper credit