HomeMy WebLinkAboutP-2018-2992.Skoretz.21-05-05 Decision
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PSGB# P-2018-2992
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION
Under
THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF ONTARIO ACT
Before
THE PUBLIC SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD
BETWEEN
Skoretz Complainant
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The Crown in Right of Ontario
(Ministry of the Solicitor General) Employer
BEFORE Brendan Morgan Vice-Chair
FOR THE
COMPLAINANT
Christopher Dilts
Simpson Wigle
Counsel
FOR THE EMPLOYER Andrew Lynes
Treasury Board Secretariat
Legal Services Branch
Counsel
HEARING
October 8, November 26, 2019; March 27,
September 8, December 18, 2020
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DECISION
BACKGROUND
[1] This Decision involves the imposition of a three-day suspension by the employer
upon the complainant for misconduct that occurred at the workplace. While the
complainant acknowledges that he engaged in the behaviour complained of it is
mitigated by a health issue that he was suffering from at the time of the incident.
The employer, while acknowledging that the subsequent diagnosis did disclose a
medical diagnosis, submitted that they were unaware of the severity of the illness
at the time discipline was imposed and further that the medical evidence did not
exonerate the complainant. Further the employer argued that given all of the facts
before the Board were accepted the penalty that was imposed was reasonable
and fair given the misconduct of the complainant. The principal issue for the
Board to address in this Decision is what, if any, weight should the complainant’s
illness mitigate against the penalty imposed by the employer for the workplace
misconduct.
[2] The complainant, Mr. Gerik Skoretz, is employed by the Ministry of the Solicitor
General, (“SOLGEN'' or the “employer”). The complainant is employed as an
Operational Manager and is classified as a Staff Sergeant.
[3] The complainant has, at all relevant times been employed at the employer’s
Thorold Detention Centre, (“TDC”).
[4] On December 31, 2019, the complainant filed a Form-1 Application with the Board
complaining that the employer had suspended him without cause for the
equivalent of three (3) days. The discipline further resulted in a deduction of the
equivalent of twenty-four hours pay from the complainant’s compensation.
[5] The incident that led to the suspension occurred on July 27, 2018. (the “incident”).
On October 15, 2018, the employer imposed the discipline that resulted in the filing
of the Form-1 Application.
[6] At the first day of hearing and together with the Vice-Chair the parties arrived at a
series of resolutions involving certain procedural and evidentiary issues. These
were ultimately incorporated into an Award dated October 21, 2019.
[7] Most importantly, the parties agreed to focus their attention on completing an
“Agreed Statement of Fact”. The parties were directed to attend at a
teleconference on November 19, 2019, to advise as to their progress in developing
this Agreed Statement of Fact.
[8] Subsequent hearing dates were conducted by teleconference commencing in
November 2019 culminating with the parties’ submission of an Agreed Statement
of Fact to the Board on September 29, 2020. It is sufficient to state that the parties
continued to work toward a completed Agreed Statement of Fact for several
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months but were hindered from completing the document because of two
particular factors. These were the logistical difficulties that the Covid-19 pandemic
placed on both parties in communicating and meeting in an effective and
consistent manner and secondly, the difficulty that the complainant encountered in
accessing certain medical information that the complainant required to explain his
conduct.
[9] That said, once the Agreed Statement of Fact was received a hearing date was
scheduled for December 18, 2020, where the parties would make their
submissions as to the appropriateness of the employer’s suspension.
DISCIPLINE OF THE COMPLAINANT
[10] Before reviewing the legal positions of the parties it is necessary to review the
background to and the events surrounding the incident that resulted in the three
day suspension of the complainant.
[11] It is important to note that the facts surrounding the incident are not in dispute.
The parties’ proceeded without calling vive voce evidence. The facts agreed to
are discussed below.
[12] At the time of the incident the complainant had been employed with the employer
for approximately 4.5 years. It was acknowledged by the parties that prior to this
incident he had no formal discipline record with his employer.
[13] On July 27, 2018, the complainant was scheduled to work the shift that
commenced at 1800 hours (6pm) concluding at 0600hrs (6am). It is my
understanding that on that day the complainant worked alongside at least two
other colleagues in the “control room” which is exclusive to management as well
as having the usual access to other areas of the TDC.
[14] Based on the Agreed Statement of Fact the complainant’s behaviour became an
issue immediately upon the commencement of his shift. The complainant admitted
to dumping the office garbage bin on the floor and then proceeded to punch a
computer monitor. The force of the punch broke the monitor screen.
[15] It was acknowledged that the complainant immediately burst into tears after
striking the computer monitor. It is agreed that he remained in an emotionally
fragile state throughout the balance of his shift.
[16] His behaviour was witnessed by two other Operational Managers. There was no
evidence to suggest that either of these two individuals provoked the behaviour of
the complainant nor is there any suggestion that he threatened them or that they
felt threatened by his behaviour.
[17] It is estimated that the cost of replacing the damaged monitor is $300.00.
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[18] The Agreed Statement of Fact, at paragraph 5, states that prior to the incident the
complainant believed he had undergone a number of changes to his personality.
This included difficulty sleeping, mood swings, constant hypervigilance and/or
being in a state of increased alertness and, finally, being short tempered. The
complainant believed that he began to notice these changes in January of 2018,
some seven months before the incident took place at the TDC.
[19] On July 2, 2018, the complainant took a medical leave of absence returning to
work on July 25, 2018. The absence arose from a situation at work where the
complainant had an adverse emotional reaction to his energy drink being removed
from the employee refrigerator by another coworker. Based on the documents that
were attached to the Agreed Statement of Fact and the submissions of the parties
it would appear that this leave of absence was related to the health issues that the
complainant described in paragraph 18, above.
[20] The complainant was cleared by his attending physician to return to work on the
24th of July, 2018, on a trial basis and was to be reassessed after four weeks. This
absence was addressed in a one-page correspondence from the complainant’s
attending physician, that was forwarded to the employer. The letter, dated July 23,
2018, speaks of the fact that the complainant was “assessed” and was “fit for a
trial of return to work effective July 24, 2018”. The Doctor then went on to state
that he would reassess the complainant’s situation after a four week trial.
[21] It is worth noting that there are no further specifics described in the note as to the
nature of the complainant’s diagnosis or illness. Nor is there any further reference
in a later correspondence from the same Doctor, dated August 23, 2018, nearly
one month after the incident. In that note the Doctor advises that the complainant
is unable to perform “regular duties due to a medical illness.”
[22] However, on the 25th of July, which represented the complainant’s first scheduled
work day he advised then Superintendent Kent Milligan as to his on-going health
issues and, further, requested that he be removed from “an inmate facing role” at
that time. This request was not acted upon by Superintendent Milligan.
[23] As mentioned above, the incident described in paragraphs 14 through 18, above
occurred two days later on July 27, 2018.
[24] The parties acknowledge that the complainant, in his Form-1 Application,
explained his behaviour as follows:
“At the beginning of my shift, I became extremely frustrated and angry with the
manner in which daily operations were being conducted and how deficiencies in
such had become acceptable. In particular, regular shortages in the complement of
Correctional Officers and Sergeants had left the Institution operating in what I felt
was dangerous circumstances.”
[25] Following the July 27, 2018, incident the employer initiated an investigation that
culminated in the scheduling of an “allegation meeting” on September 5, 2018. The
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Complainant was invited to attend and was accompanied by a colleague. The
notes of the meeting were transcribed and are attached to the Agreed Statement
of Fact.
[26] At the meeting the employer set out the misconduct that the complainant was said
to have engaged in on the evening of July 27, 2018. The complainant was alleged
to have committed two workplace infractions; the first being the damage to the
property, namely the damage to the computer monitors, and the second being a
violation of the “Code of Conduct and Professionalism” (the “COCAP”) and the
“Respectful Workplace Policy”. As mentioned above, both the COCAP and
Respectful Workplace Policy were provided to the Board for review and
consideration.
[27] As further set out in the Agreed Statement of Fact the complainant admitted to the
property damage. He stated that he believed that he was under a significant
amount of stress and that others in management had failed to support him in
resolving workplace issues. The Complainant was particularly upset with staffing
levels and other decisions which he believed were not being made in the best
interest of “front line management”.
[28] With respect to the allegations surrounding the breach of the COCAP and the
Respectful Workplace Policy the Agreed Statement of Fact reflect that the parties
failed to resolve the issues in dispute with respect to their alleged breach by the
complainant.
[29] The discussion surrounding these issues appears to have escalated into a rather
terse exchange between the complainant and Superintendent Milligan, which may
or may not have factored into the ultimate penalty rendered against the
complainant. The meeting notes suggest that the complainant was upset that the
allegation meeting took several days to take place and, secondly, that the
complainant appeared unclear and upset about the allegations surrounding his
alleged breach of the workplace policies. Finally, the notes reflect rather “sharp”
responses from Superintendent Milligan directed toward the complainant as the
meeting concluded. These comments were related to the complainant’s enquiry
as to what policies he had allegedly violated on July 27, 2018.
[30] On October 15, 2018, the complainant was advised by the employer that a three
day suspension had been imposed. In the two page correspondence signed by
Superintendent Milligan he notes that while the complainant has accepted
responsibility for the damage to the computer monitors his response to the
allegations was “aggressive in nature”.
[31] While the complainant continued to work immediately after the incident he went on
periodic medical leaves of absence throughout the period of August 2018 through
January 2019. This includes the following:
Medical leave: August 22, 2018 - August 27, 2018
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Medical leave: August 27, 2018 - September 1, 2018
Medical accommodation: Remove from Inmate Facing Role October 4, 2018
Medical Leave: November 28, 2018 - January 7, 2019
[32] It is worth noting that the complainant also received a leave of absence to pursue
his service with the Canadian Armed Forces from September 17 until October 4,
2018.
[33] In addition on March 13, 2019, the complainant was formally diagnosed with Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder, (“PTSD”). The report was produced by a Doctor of
Psychology that had commenced treating the complainant. According to the
Agreed Statement of Facts, at paragraph 23, the diagnosis was related to the
complainant's work experience at the TDC. The date of the injury is said to be
June 28, 2018. There are other WSIB reports attached to the Agreed Statement of
Fact, authored by the complainant's attending physician and his colleagues that
support this diagnosis.
[34] With respect to the PTSD diagnosis the symptoms attached to the diagnosis are
said to be:
a. Traumatic re-experiencing
b. Hypervigilance
c. Anxiety
d. Emotional Dysregulation; and
e. Anger and Irritability
[35] Although not acknowledged by the employer, Counsel for the complainant asserts
that the complainant suffered from PTSD in July 2018 and the symptoms either
“contributed to or caused the incident”.
[36] The complainant continues to seek treatment from his psychologist on a weekly
basis. However, it has been determined that he is no longer able to return to work
at the TDC out of concern that he may relapse.
POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES
[37] Counsel for the employer advanced two succinct arguments in support of its
position that the complaint of the complainant should be dismissed. The first of
these positions had initially been set-out in its Form-2 Response while the other
responded to the medical evidence that the complainant attempted to rely upon to
mitigate his conduct.
[38] Simply stated, Counsel submitted that a three day suspension for the unwarranted
destruction of employer property was, by all circumstances, a reasonable and fair
response. The complainant had failed to demonstrate any remorse for his
behaviour and neither had he offered to compensate the Employer for the
damage.
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[39] Further, the complainant had carried out this act of “workplace sabotage” in the
presence of his co-workers who while not physically harmed or threatened were
subjected to inappropriate behaviour from a colleague and someone who held the
rank of a superior officer.
[40] Counsel citing an excerpt from “Canadian Labour Arbitration” (5th Edition)
Brown & Beatty, Carswell, defined the Arbitrator’s approach to “workplace
sabotage” as follows:
“Arbitrators treat the wilful destruction of an employer’s (or customer’s or co-
worker’s) property as one of the most serious acts of misconduct an employee can
commit because, as in cases of theft, it raises doubts about whether the employee
can be trusted. Unless there are extenuating circumstances, arbitrators are usually
not inclined to interfere with an employer’s decision to discharge employees who
deliberately set out to vandalize the enterprise for which they work.”
[41] I note, parenthetically, that that the excerpt referenced and the cases referred to
from Canadian Labour Arbitration involved termination matters and not, as is the
case before me, a three day suspension.
[42] Aside from the unjustifiable damage and related monetary damage Counsel
submitted that the behaviour of the Complainant breached both the “COCAP” and
the “Respectful Workplace Policy.” Both the COCAP and the Respectful
Workplace Policy reference the requirement for an employee to demonstrate
appropriate behaviour at the workplace and the potential consequences for an
employee if they breach the standards set out in either or both policies.
[43] Secondly, and with respect to the complainant’s medical issues, Counsel
submitted that both the timing and totality of the medical evidence submitted by the
complainant did not meet the test set out in the accompanying authorities that
would, in effect, excuse the complainant’s behaviour as “non-culpable”.
[44] Counsel submitted that the medical evidence established by the Agreed Statement
of Fact simply represented that the complainant was aware that he was
experiencing changes in his mental health prior to the July 27, 2018 incident.
[45] The note from the complainant’s attending physician, dated July 24, 2018, was
brief and provided no insight into the medical issues that were later articulated in
the opinion of the Psychologist. Counsel suggested that the authorities referred to
below create a very “high bar” for an adjudicator to review employee misconduct in
the absence of previously produced and indisputable medical evidence.
[46] Counsel provided Bell Canada v Unifor, Local 43, 2016 ONSC 3350, 2016
CarswellOnt 10421 (Div Ct.), for consideration. This decision of the Ontario
Divisional Court involved a grievor whose termination for theft was initially
overturned by an arbitrator on the mitigating grounds that he had been suffering
from PTSD at the time he committed the workplace offenses. In quashing the
decision of the arbitrator, the Court stated that there must be a nexus between the
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medical diagnosis of PTSD and the employee misconduct that resulted in the
discipline. To have a diagnosis as one of a potential number of mitigating factors
is not enough to excuse the behaviour of the grievor or, in this case, the
Complainant.
[47] Counsel argued that the matter before the Board mirrored that in “Bell Canada” in
that a clear line cannot be drawn between a diagnosis of PTSD and the
misconduct of the complainant. Further, the medical evidence before either the
employer at the time of the misconduct or this hearing does not meet the rather
“high bar” of review that the Divisional Court articulated in “Bell Canada”.
[48] Counsel further submitted Toronto (City) and CUPE Local 79 (Villar), Re, 2014
CarswellOnt 448 {2014} O.L.A.A. No. 16 (Ont. Arb) (Goodfellow) for my review. In
that matter the grievor was terminated for chronic absenteeism that the bargaining
agent and grievor attributed to a diagnosis of depression. While there was a
finding that the grievor in that case did in fact suffer from depression at the time
that discipline and discharge was imposed, Arbitrator Goodfellow noted that the
grievor provided medical evidence of substance only after his employment was
terminated. The medical supplied to the employer before was brief and devoid of
symptoms and any long term prognosis for care.
[49] In upholding the termination Arbitrator Goodfellow stated that the medical evidence
was unlikely to assist in conclusively determining that the depression caused the
Greivor’s behaviour. Instead, at best, it was a contributing factor. Employer
Counsel argued that this reflected the narrative of the factual situation before the
Board in this matter.
[50] Counsel further submitted the decision of Arbitrator Dissanayake in Boise Cascade
Canada Ltd. and C.P.U., Loc., 306, Re 1991 CarswellOnt 6434 for review. The
grievance involved the termination of a long-term employee for alleged workplace
sabotage.
[51] At the time of the event the grievor was alleged to have been suffering from a
diagnosed case of depression. However, the Arbitrator found that even if the
Doctor had testified the physician would not have been able to draw a nexus
between the diagnosis and the act of sabotage. In reinstating the grievor the
Arbitrator looked to his long-term seniority, his discipline-free record and
concluded that the offence was unlikely to be committed again.
[52] The same principles with respect to the “nexus between the diagnosis and
misconduct” were applied in the case of “Sifto Canada Corp v C.E.P., Local 16-0,
2010 CarswellOnt 9228, 200 L.A.C. (4th) 305 (Ont Arb) (Luborsky).”
[53] Counsel also provided “A.U.P.E. v Lethbridge Community College 2004 SCC 28,
2004 CarswellAlta 533 (Alta Arb).”
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[54] In summary, Counsel submitted that the misconduct of the complainant on July 28,
2018, the destruction of the computer monitor and the general disruption in the
workplace that resulted, were sufficient to warrant a three day suspension. In the
submission of Counsel, “the complainant could easily have received a greater
suspension up to and including termination”. In the further submission of Counsel
whatever mitigating factors the complainant could offer, for example the medical
evidence of a PTSD diagnosis, would only assist in partially explaining his
behaviour on the day in question and could not exonerate him of all culpability.
[55] Counsel submitted that, as a starting point, the Board should take into account the
state of mind of the complainant at the time of the incident. Specifically, was the
complainant solely responsible for his behaviour or did certain mitigating factors
exist that were known to the employer that would mitigate against a strong
disciplinary response. Citing again an excerpt from “Canadian Labour
Arbitration'' Counsel submitted that the following should be considered:
“Premeditated and/or persistent wrongdoing is always regarded as more culpable
than momentary lapses and those that lack a malicious intent.”
Further:
“However, and regardless of which approach is adopted, the outcome of such cases
is strongly affected by the degree of the addiction and/or affliction and the extent to
which the employee has been able to act intentionally and control his or her own
behaviour.”
[56] Here the complainant had no history of workplace discipline issues. Counsel
conceded that there was a request some two days before by the Complainant to
alter his workplace duties to avoid interaction with inmates and that he had
provided a short yet inconclusive note to management on July 24, 2018, but
neither of these provided the Employer with the requisite information that would
have enabled them to assist the complainant.
[57] Finally, Counsel noted that the complainant failed to demonstrate any remorse at
the allegation meeting and in fact failed to “take any responsibility for his actions”.
This, in the view of Counsel, acted as an aggravating fact in the ultimate decision
to impose the three day suspension. Counsel submitted that while the
complainant may have genuinely been upset with the working conditions,
specifically the staff ratios, he knew or should have known that he was not to be
afforded the option of destroying the Employer’s property as a means of displaying
his displeasure.
[58] In conclusion Counsel submitted that the penalty was, given the behaviour of the
complainant, his lack of remorse and the lack of a nexus between his actions and
his PTSD diagnosis, fair and reasonable. As a result, Counsel urged the Board to
uphold the discipline and dismiss the complaint in its entirety.
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[59] Counsel for the complainant argued that the complainant has been denied
procedural fairness and that the Employer failed to properly take into consideration
his client’s medical diagnosis when imposing discipline. Counsel suggests that the
PTSD is a significant mitigating factor that was overlooked by the Employer.
[60] With respect to the issue of procedural fairness Counsel directed me to the content
of the allegation interview of October 15, 2018. In particular he raised the fact that
the complainant asked Superintendent Milligan on at least two occasions for
information or clarification as to what particular sections of the COCAP and/or
Respectful Workplace Policy had been breached.
[61] Counsel directed my attention to the interview notes that suggest that
Superintendent Milligan declined to offer any specific particulars. For example,
with respect to the complainant’s final request for clarification Superintendent
Milligan allegedly advised him that “you can find out through the grievance
process”.
[62] Counsel submitted that a basic principle of procedural fairness includes the right to
know the case that you must meet and the allegations that are made against you.
This, Counsel submits, was resolved in the Board’s decision in “Ihasz v Ontario
(Community Safety and Corrections Services), 2015, CanLII 67987 (ONPSGB).”
[63] Counsel cited both the “Bell Canada” and “City of Toronto'' decisions, discussed
above. With respect to the “Bell Canada'' decision, Counsel submitted that the
factual basis was distinguishable on the grounds that in that decision the
relationship between the grievor’s PTSD diagnosis and his misconduct was
tenuous, at best. In the matter before the Board the behavior of the complainant
“fits squarely with his disability”.
[64] With respect to the decision of Arbitrator Goodfellow in the “City of Toronto”
decision Counsel found it of assistance in that the Arbitrator, at paragraph 25,
stated in response to the question of how should decision makers respond to
various situations where actions and behaviours must be weighed against one
another that:
“Perhaps not surprisingly, there appears to be no “one size fits all” answer to these
questions. Different arbitrators have taken different approaches, and that is in doubt
at least in part due to the varieties of behaviour sought to be explained.”
[65] In the submission of Counsel enough medical evidence existed for the Employer to
understand the Complainant’s behaviour. In the alternative, Counsel now invited
the Board to review the medical evidence and conclude that mitigating
circumstances existed thus necessitating the removal of the penalty.
[66] Counsel further directed my attention to the complainant’s “WSIB Community
Mental Health Program Assessment Form” that was completed by the
Psychologist on or about March 15, 2019. This form along with other similar forms
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completed in 2018 and 2019 divulged, in the opinion of Counsel, the complainant’s
PTSD diagnosis and its direct relationship to the workplace.
[67] Throughout his submissions Counsel returned to the undisputed evidence that
Superintendent Milligan was aware or should have been aware of the
complainant’s mental health status commencing as early as two working days
before the incident. Counsel pointed to the complainant’s request for a change in
shift duties which was outright rejected by Superintendent Milligan. Counsel for
the complainant submitted that Superintendent Milligan could have prevented this
from happening had he made any substantive or meaningful enquiries.
[68] Superintendent Milligan, in the submission of Counsel, failed to examine the
situation which would have provided more insight into the complainant’s
deteriorating health issues. Had he taken the time to review the complainant’s
situation by, for example, interviewing the complainant rather than confronting him
at the allegation meeting, he may have been able to draw a link between the non-
culpable behaviour of the complainant on July 27, 2018 and his PTSD diagnosis.
[69] Counsel reiterated the position that Superintendent Milligan was made aware of
the complainant’s struggles before the July 27, 2018 incident when the
complainant asked for modified work duties. It was the evidence of the
complainant that the Superintendent rejected the request without making any
enquiries as to what gave rise to the request.
[70] In the view of Counsel the mitigating circumstances, in this case the health issues
of the complainant, were of paramount importance in explaining the behaviour of
the Complainant on July 27, 2018. Counsel recalled that the complainant had
identified that he believed that certain “changes'' were occurring to his personality
in the six to seven months preceding the destruction of the computer screen.
These included a number of symptoms that were consistent with a diagnosis of
PTSD.
[71] In summary, Counsel submitted that the employer was or should have been aware
of the health situation of the complainant before, during and after the incident of
July 27, 2018. With such knowledge and insight the employer’s response to the
incident should have been one that focused on assisting the complainant with his
health issues rather than the imposition of discipline.
[72] With respect to the relevance and application of mitigating factors Counsel
submitted the following authorities for consideration: Hardy v Ontario (Ministry of
Health)), 1997 CanLII 10280 (ON PSGB); Potter v Ontario (Community Safety and
Correctional Services), 2018 CanLII 102749 (ON PSGB); and Keating v Ontario
(Community Safety and Correction Services), 2009 CanLII 15648 (ON PSGB).
DECISION
[73] For the following reasons I dismiss the complaint.
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[74] Similar to the findings of Arbitrator Goodfellow in the “City of Toronto'' and
Arbitrator Dissanayake in “Boise Cascade” I accept the complainant's evidence
that he has and does suffer from a diagnosis of PTSD. The documented evidence
from his psychologist and his associates is clear and unequivocal and serves to
confirm the earlier concerns that the complainant believed he was experiencing
early in 2018.
[75] These “changes in personality” continued and manifested themselves resulting in
the complainant taking a leave of absence in early July, 2018. This was initiated
when the complainant found himself “uncharacteristically upset” when he
discovered his energy drink had been removed from the staff fridge. He returned
to work on July 24th, 2018, on a trial basis and with a request to have his work
duties modified.
[76] Secondly, there is no doubt that the employer had “limited” clinical knowledge of
the complainant's challenging health status following the incident and concluding
with the investigation and allegation meeting process on October 15, 2018.
[77] Further, the meeting notes from the September 5, 2018 allegation meeting and the
October 15, 2018 disciplinary meeting, provide further insight that the employer
and the complainant did not specifically address the health of the complainant. An
objective review of the notes reveal a fractious, confrontational atmosphere from
the commencement of the meetings to their conclusion.
[78] In summary, I conclude that the employer’s awareness of the complainant’s health
situation up to the imposition of the discipline was limited to the brief notes that
they had received from the complainant’s attending physician and comments
made by the complainant during the course of the allegation and discipline
meetings.
[79] I first turn to the complainant’s submission that he was denied “procedural
fairness”.
[80] I disagree with the submissions of Counsel for the complainant that he was denied
“procedural fairness”. Firstly, based on the Agreed Statement of Facts there is no
evidence before me that suggests that the time that it took the employer to
complete its investigation into the incident was prejudicial to the complainant. The
evidence does not support the complainant’s suggestion that the employer took an
extraordinary amount of time in completing the investigation as he alleged at the
allegation and disciplinary meetings. It is clear from the evidence that the
employer did not delay in embarking upon the investigation. Further, there is no
evidence that would suggest that it had decided to put the July 28, 2018 incident
behind them or had otherwise absolved the complainant of his misconduct. The
time between the incident and when the complainant was notified as to the
scheduling of the allegation meeting was thirty-four days. This is, in the opinion of
the Board, represents a reasonable period for the investigation to conclude its
business.
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[81] Commencing with the August 31, 2018 correspondence notifying the complainant
of an upcoming allegation meeting the employer put the complainant on notice as
to the purpose of the meeting. Specifically, the correspondence contained two
specific allegations of misconduct against the complainant:
“1. You damaged Ministry property on July 22, 2018.
2. Through your actions on July 27, 2018, you violated COCAP and the Respectful
Workplace policies.”
[82] The notes from the September 5, 2018 meeting reveal the complainant
acknowledged damaging the property but seemed more intent on protesting the
length of time that had elapsed from the incident until the allegation meeting. The
complainant also asserted that he was unaware of what particulars of the COCAP
and other workplace policies had been violated by his behaviour on July 28, 2018.
[83] The employer’s response to the meeting was in their October 15, 2018,
correspondence to the complainant in which they summarized the allegations
against the complainant and imposed the three day suspension.
[84] This correspondence was provided to the complainant at a meeting with
management on the same day. By all accounts the meeting was brief and the
tension between the complainant and Superintendent Milligan was notable. As
was the case in the meeting of September 5, 2018, Superintendent Milligan did not
respond to the complainant’s enquiry as to what specific elements of the COCAP
and other workplace policies had been violated.
[85] Counsel has submitted that Superintendent Milligan’s lack of response to the
complainant’s enquiries about the specific breach of the COCAP and other
workplace policies should be interpreted as a “denial of procedural fairness”. I
disagree. In an ideal situation Superintendent Milligan would have provided the
complainant with the particulars of the breach of the policies. Having read the
notes of the meetings, however, it is clear that the discussions quickly escalated to
the point where the complainant terminated the October 5, 2018, meeting
prematurely.
[86] The complainant, by his own admission at the meetings, acknowledged that he
had caused the unwarranted damage to the computer monitors and should have
appreciated that this conduct constituted a breach of a number of workplace
policies.
[87] Secondly, Counsel, in citing Ihasz, above, submits that the behaviour of the
employer in this matter has somehow prevented the complainant from knowing the
case against it and having the appropriate opportunity to respond. Following the
meetings and the imposition of discipline the complainant proceeded to file a
robust grievance with the employer, file relevant medical evidence with the
employer, and commenced these proceedings. It is my conclusion that the
complainant is and has been adequately aware of the case before him and has
responded to the discipline with thorough and comprehensive submissions.
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[88] Finally, even if I was to determine that the employer’s failure to provide specific
examples of the breach of the COCAP and other workplace policies constituted a
breach of procedural fairness it is my opinion that this has been cured prior to and
during the hearing process. The parties have engaged in numerous discussions
and exchanged documents and concluded a comprehensive Agreed Statement of
Fact. Again, based on the submissions and evidence before me I cannot conclude
that the complainant has not been afforded procedural fairness.
[89] Having disposed of that issue I now turn to examining the complainant’s conduct.
It is a straightforward finding of fact the complainant did embark on an act at the
workplace that resulted in the destruction of the employer’s property on the
evening of July 27, 2018. The question arises what is the appropriate response?
[90] The authorities are flooded with decisions where employers have terminated
employees for acts of workplace vandalism or sabotage. In most instances
adjudicators, subject to extraordinary circumstances such as the long-term service
of the employee, have upheld these decisions. To paraphrase the excerpt from
“Canadian Labour Arbitration’ at paragraph 45, above, destruction of workplace
property is viewed alongside theft as one if not the most serious acts of workplace
misconduct.
[91] Further, I agree, objectively, with Counsel for the employer, that given the
circumstances and wide array of penalties available, a three (3) day suspension
could be viewed as lenient. Given that the damage was significant and tangible
and committed in front of others in what could be interpreted as a fit of rage the
penalty could have been something far more substantial.
[92] Further, the fact that the complainant enjoys a position of authority and the incident
was witnessed by his peers in management makes his conduct even more
inexcusable. It is trite to state that the standard of behaviour placed upon those in
positions of authority is higher than, for example, a member of the bargaining unit,
given the example it sets for the workforce.
[93] That said, given the lack of any disciplinary history of the complainant and the
context in which this situation arose I am not prepared to describe or otherwise
elevate his behaviour to that of a “workplace saboteur”. The complainant was on a
series of leaves following the incident and the October 5, 2018, imposition of
discipline and is now on an extended leave of absence. Although the
complainant’s return to work in the future is uncertain I doubt that in the event he
does return such behaviour will be repeated.
[94] The only issue remaining to be disposed of is whether the complainant’s PTSD
diagnosis mitigates against the discipline imposed upon him by the employer?
[95] On this matter I find myself guided by the findings of the Divisional Court in the
“Bell Canada” decision and the analysis and conclusions reached by Arbitrator
Goodfellow.
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[96] To reiterate, while I do not wish to be seen to doubt the Complainant’s health
situation in 2018 and/or the efficacy of the diagnosis that followed in 2019 by the
psychologist, it is difficult, if not impossible, to draw a “straight line” between the
PTSD symptoms and diagnosis and his behaviour on the evening of July 28, 2018.
[97] I agree with the analysis provided by Arbitrator Goodfellow in the Toronto (City)
and CUPE Local 79 decision. It acknowledges that each dispute involving facts
such as those before the Board in this matter should be determined on a “case by
case” basis.
[98] Arbitrator Goodfellow upheld the termination of the griever's employment
notwithstanding that he determined that the grievor was suffering from depression
at the time discipline and discharge was imposed. Similar to the situation before
this Board the grievor had provided medical evidence in the form of a brief note
from his attending physician prior to his termination. Additional and more thorough
medical evidence was provided to the employer some eight days after the
termination which served to confirm a diagnosis of depression. This included a
diagnosis that the grievor had suffered from depression during most of the
employment relationship.
[99] However, Arbitrator Goodfellow was unpersuaded that the existence of the
medical diagnosis was sufficient to mitigate the conduct of the grievor. In the
absence of a direct relationship between it and the conduct that resulted in the
grievor’s termination. At paragraph 24, he concluded that there needed to be “a
“causal link”, connection or “nexus” between the established disability and the
otherwise disciplinable misconduct.
[100] The Arbitrator went on to state at paragraph 25 that:
“Perhaps not surprisingly there appears to be no “one size fits all” answer to these
questions. Different arbitrators have taken different approaches, and that is in no
doubt at least part of the varieties of behaviour sought to be explained. What does
appear clear, however, is that there is a distinct arbitral preference for medical
evidence that, if not addressing the question directly, at least provides something
beyond the basic diagnosis from which that connection can reasonably be drawn.
Without such evidence, in my opinion, the Union runs the substantial risk of a finding
that the onus has not been met - a risk that increases, not decreases, with the
scope and extent of the behaviour that is in issue.”
[101] The Arbitrator then went on to determine that the medical evidence before him
provided only the most “basic of diagnoses” and, moreover, no nexus between the
diagnosis and the conduct had been sufficiently established.
[102] I find that there is a lack of “nexus” or “causal link” between the diagnosis of PTSD
and the behaviour of the complainant on July 28, 2018. The initial medical notes
from the complainant’s attending physician in July and August 2018 were silent
with respect to a formal diagnosis. It was not until March 13, 2019, when the
complainant was formally diagnosed with PTSD by his psychologist some eight
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months after the incident. He has continued to receive treatment for this
diagnosis. The voluminous reports that were subsequently generated were
authored by the psychologist and his associates on February 14, 2020, some
nineteen months after the incident.
[103] While these medical reports and the Agreed Statement of Fact acknowledge that
the complainant suffered from PTSD at the time of the incident they do not purport
to directly link his behaviour on July 27, 2018, to the diagnosis. Therefore, I am
left to conclude that there is insufficient evidence before the Board that supports a
conclusion that there is a connection between the diagnosis and the complainant’s
behaviour in July, 2018 that might excuse or otherwise mitigate against the
discipline imposed by the employer upon the complainant. As was the situation in
the decision of Arbitrator Goodfellow the post-discipline medical evidence before
the Board, while serving to describe the complainant’s symptoms cannot be
interpreted as explaining or excusing the incident.
[104] Having arrived at this conclusion I am left to conclude that based on the Agreed
Statement of Fact and the accompanying documents it would be inappropriate to
excuse the conduct of the Complainant and, as a result the three day suspension
is appropriate.
[105] For all of the above reasons the complaint is dismissed.
[106] I do wish to thank both Counsel for their professionalism and assistance in finding
a reasonable and efficient path to conclude this matter. Their ability to overcome
the adversity that the past several months have posed is to their credit.
Dated at Toronto, Ontario this 5th day of May, 2021.
“Brendan Morgan”
_______________________
Brendan Morgan, Vice-Chair