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HomeMy WebLinkAboutArcher et al 06-11-10 '. . IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION BETWEEN: ONTARIO PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEES UNION (the "Unionll) - AND - MUNICIPAL PROPERTY ASSESSMENT CORPORATION (the II Employer" ) AND IN THE MATTER OF INDIVIDUAL GRIEVANCES CONCERNING PAY RATE SOLE ARBITRATOR Robert D. Howe APPEARANCES For the Union Steve Lavender, Grievance Officer Ivan Herrington For the Employer Robert Little, Counsel Greg Volkes A hearing in the above matter was held in Toronto, Ontario on November 3, 2006. AWARD This award pertains to seventeen individual grievances regarding pay rate, all of which arose out of a corporate reorganization (known as the nFutures transitionl1) of the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation (also referred to in this award as the "Employer 11 and the nCorporation", for ease of exposition). The cooperative efforts of the parties' representatives enabled the case to proceed expeditiously on the basis of agreed facts and evidentiary stipulations. A Letter of Understanding (the "LOU") regarding the reorganization is appended to the parties' January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005 collective agreement (the nCollective Agreement"). That LOU provides, in part, as follows: This will confirm certain understandings regarding arrangements to complete the corporate reorganization and assist employees who may be affected by the reorganization. 1. It is agreed that, subject to paragraph 4, employees in the bargaining unit who, at the date of ratification, are surplus to the Corporation'S requirements as a result of the reorganization, are subject to the provisions of this letter. 2. On or about the tenth (lOth) working day following ratification of the Collective Agreement, the Corporation shall deliver a notice of layoff to the employees described in paragraph 1. [Paragraphs 3 and 4, which pertain to the advertising and filling of vacancies, and the effect of "factor 80" retirements, have been omitted as they are not germane to the grievances.] 5. Within fifteen (15) calendar days of delivery of the notices referred to in paragraph 2, the Corporation shall assign, pursuant to Article 13.07 of the 1 Collective Agreement, as many of the affected employees as possible to vacancies as prescribed in the article. It is agreed that any such employee who is assigned to a position within a classification having a lower maximum rate shall have his or her former rate of pay maintained for a period of twelve (12) months. After twelve months, if the employee is still assigned to the lower paying position, their rate of pay shall be reduced to the appropriate rate of pay for the position. . . , [That paragraphls final sentence (which pertains to recall rights) has been omitted, as have the remaining seven paragraphs of the LOU, as they are not germane to the grievances.] The agreed facts and evidentiary stipulations are contained in a written exchange of the parties' respective positions lion what should have occurredll. In the following quotation, the evidentiary stipulations have been italicized to differentiate them from the agreed facts. Agreed Facts and Evidentiary Stipulations from the Employer's Position 1. Effective March 21, 2003, approximately 68 employees, who had received notices of layoff, were assigned pursuant to paragraph 5 of the Letter of Understanding (LOU) to positions within a classification having a lower maximum rate than the employees' original position. PA3 to PA2 - 33 PA4 to PA3 - 6 PA4 to PA2 - 3 DRA3 to PA2 - 2 DRA2 to PA2 - 16 AD10 to PA4 - 4 AD10 to AD8 - 1 AD8 to AD7 - 1 AD8 to AD6 - 1 AD7 to AD6 - 1 Total 68 2. Seventeen of these employees have filed grievances. 3. Nine of the grievors were drafters in classification code DRA2 under the 2 Collective Agreement. 4. Seven grievors were property assessors in classification code AD10 under the Collective Agreement. 5. One grievor was a Senior Clerk in classification AD10 under the Collective Agreement, 6. The grievors were all at or near the top rate in their classification except Lincoln Pearce. 7. For the drafters, the top rate (Step 5) was $22.06 per hour. For the PA3's, the top rate (Step 5) was $28.40, For the Senior Clerk, the top rate (Step 5) was $22.80 per hour. 8. As part of the "Futures" transition, the grievors, except the Clerk, were placed in the position of property inspectors PA2 on March 31, 2003. The Clerk was placed in AD8. 9. The grievors' rate of pay was maintained pursuant to paragraph 5 of the LOU for 12 months. 10. At the end of that 12 month period, the employeesf rate of pay was reduced to the next highest rate of pay in the classification into which they had been placed. For the grievors: (a) the Drafters 2fs whose rate had been maintained at $22.06 had their rate reduced to the [next] highest PA2 rate, i.e" $21.65; (b) the PA3's who had been maintained at $28.40 had their rate reduced to the next highest PA2 rate, i.e., $23.00i (c) the Senior Clerk had her rate maintained at $22.80 and, after 12 months had that rate reduced to the next highest AD8 rate, i,e., $21.15. 11. With respect to anniversary dates, the Collective Agreement only makes reference to anniversary dates in Article 12.10, Article 26.14, and in the wage schedule note on page 41. That anniversary date may change pursuant to Article 12.10. On the employee's anniversary date, management may advance the employee to the next step on the Wage Grid. Once an employee has reached the top of the wage grid, the employee's anniversary date no longer exists. With respect to Article 26.14, it applies to employees who have not reached the top 3 of the wage grid; still have an anniversary date; and are then demoted. [The parties have stipulated that the italicized portion of this paragraph constitutes evidence the Employer would leadl about which the Union would have no contrary evidence.] 12. In this easel as certain employees were placed a step below the maximum of their new classification, the Company created new anniversary dates for those employees of April 11 2005. Anniversary dates always start at the beginning of the next month. In this case, the Employerls view was thatl as the reduction in pay did not occur until March 24, 2004, it was appropriate for employees to stay at that step on the grid for one year before being eligible for consideration for advancement on the grid, [The parties have stipulated that the italicized portions of this paragraph constitute evidence the Employer would lead as to its rationale for setting the new anniversary datel and have further stipulated that the Union would lead evidence that the Union did not agree that it was appropriate.] 13, The only exception was Lincoln Pearce who had not been at the top of his salary grid and so he kept his anniversary date which had been April 1. [Paragraph 14 has been omitted, as it is common ground between the parties that it is a statement of the Employer's positionl rather than an agreed fact or evidentiary stipulation,] There are three categories of grievances: PA3's, an AD101 and Drafters. The agreed facts from the Union's position all pertain to the third category. Agreed Facts from the Union's Position 1. The grievors were Mapper/Drafters in classification code DRA2 under the collective agreement. 2. The grievors were all at or near the top rate in their classification (step 5) which was $22.06 per hour. 3. As part of the "Futures" transition the grievors were placed in the (then) lower-rated position of Property Inspectors PA2 in approximately February 2003. 4 4. The grievors' pay rate was maintained pursuant to paragraph 5 of the Letter of Understanding Re Corporate Reorganization appended to the collective agreement. 6. On January I, 2004 the pay rate of step 5 of the PA2 classification passed the pay rate that was maintained by the Letter of Understanding for the Drafters. [Paragraphs 5, 7, 8, and 9 have been omitted, as it is common ground between the parties that they are statements of the Union1s position, rather than agreed facts or evidentiary stipulations.] also referred to the following provisions of the Collective In addition to the LOU, the parties I representatives Agreement during the course of their submissions: 1.02 4.01 This Agreement sets forth the entire Agreement on rates of pay, hours of work and other conditions of employment. Amendments to this Agreement may only be made in writing on the agreement of both parties. There are no representations, warranties or conditions that affect the rights of the parties and employees, save and except those specifically set out in this Agreement. The Union acknowledges that it is the exclusive right of the Employer to: (a) maintain order, discipline and efficiencYi (b) hire, transfer, classify, assign, appoint, promote, demote, appraise, train, develop, layoff and recall employees; (c) discipline and discharge employees for just cause, except that probationary employees may be discharged without just causei (d) generally to manage the enterprise in which the Employer is engaged and without restricting the generality of the foregoing, the right to plan, direct and control operations, facilities, programs, systems and procedures, direct its personnel, determine complement, organization, methods and the number, location and classification of personnel 5 required from time to time, the number and location of operations, buildings, equipment and facilities, the services to be performed, the scheduling of assignments and work, the extension, limitation, curtailment or cessation of operations and all other rights and responsibilities not specifically modified elsewhere in this Agreement. 4.02 The Employer shall exercise the above rights in a manner consistent with the expressed terms of the Collective Agreement. 10.21 The Board of Arbitration or sole arbitrator shall not be authorized to make any decision inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, nor to alter, modify, add to or amend any part of this Agreement. 12.10 Where an employee is promoted, a new anniversary date is established based upon the date of promotion. 26.14 Except as provided in 26.13, an employee who is demoted shall be paid at the rate closest to but less than the rate he or she was receiving at the time of the demotion, effective from the date of his/her demotion. For greater certainty, an employee will retain his/her anniversary date if placed in a step below the maximum of the position to which he or she is assigned. Summary of the Union's Position The LOU is a complete code as to how employees displaced or assigned to another job as a result of the reorganization are to be treated, so Article 26.14 does not apply to them. In the absence of the LOU, the Drafters, who as of January 1, 2003 Were being paid at the $22,06 top rate 6 anomaly which derogates from the very protection which the red circling was supposed to provide. As a result of what the Employer did, the Drafters were worse off than they would have been if their wages had immediately gone down to $21.66 at the time of their demotion. If that had occurred, their wages would have risen to $22.31 as of January I, 2004, and they would not have ended up being paid at the rate of $21.65 at the end of the twelve-month period and being a year behind in their step increases. It cannot have been the parties! intention that a clause intended to benefit employees would have the absurd result of leaving them worse off than they would have been without the clause. Paragraph 5 of the LOU must be read as a provision intended to protect employees who were being demoted in the corporate reorganization. If the approach advocated by the Union is adopted, there is still a reduction because if the Drafters had not been demoted, their wage rate would have increased from $22.06 to $22.72 on January 1, 2004. Thus, the $22.31 wage rate that the Union argues they should have been paid as of that date would still be a reduction from what they would otherwise have been earning. Changing the grievors! anniversary dates is also objectionable. The anniversary date or review date is the date an employee is hired. The only language in the Collective Agreement which talks about changing an anniversary date is Article 12.10, which says that a new anniversary date is established upon the date of an employee's promotion. 8 Consequently/ under the inclusio unius est exclusio alterius principle of interpretation/ a new anniversary date is not established upon the date of an employee's demotion. Accordingly, the grievors' anniversary dates should have remained unchanged. Article 1.02 cuts both ways. There is nothing in the Article 4 management rights clause that expressly gives the employer the right to set an anniversary date. If the Employer wanted to have that right, it would have to bargain it. The Union's alternative position is that if there was to be a new anniversary date/ it should have been the date of demotion/ by analogy to Article 12.10. There is no evidence that the Employer has ever denied an employee an anniversary date advancement on the grid. The Union's evidence would be that this has never occurred. The authorities relied upon by the Union are Re Grey County Board of Education and Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation/ District 23 (1983), 12 L.A.C. Od) 412 (Teplitsky) i Canada 3000 Inc./ Re Inter-Canadian (1991) Inc. (Trustee of)/ 2006 SCC 24 (CanLII)i Sullivan and Driedger on the Construction of Statutes (4th Ed.) at pp, 9-11i Re Toronto Catholic District School Board and O.E.C.T,A, (Toronto Elementary Catholic Teachers) (2000)/ 88 L.A.C. (4th) 34 (Marcotte) / quashed 138 O.A.C. 330 (S.C.J. (Div. Ct.)) / reversed 55 O.R. (3d) 737, 49 O.A.C. 328 (C.A.) i Re Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and O.P.S.E.U., Local 583 (1989) I 16 C.L.A.S. 45 (Mitchnick); and Re Overlander Extended Care Hospital and B.C.N.U. (2002), 105 L.A.C. (4th) 310 (Germaine). 9 Summary of the Employer's Position The grievances must be placed in perspective. The LOU was a bargain reached by the parties in the context of a major corporate reorganization. The Employer made concessions which ensured that a number of employees got jobs, and which also ensured that employees assigned to positions within a classification having a lower maximum rate would have their former rate of pay maintained for a period of twelve months. A total of 68 employees who received notices of layoff were assigned to positions having a lower maximum rate than the employees' original positions. Some of those employees derived a huge benefit from paragraph 5. The PA3's, for example, had their pay rate maintained for twelve months at $28.43 instead of falling to $21.66. It also provided a net benefit to the Drafters, as they were paid more than the target position rate for nine months and were only paid less than the target position rate for three months. In any event, the quantum of the benefit does not drive the language; the fact that it did not benefit the Drafters as much as it benefited some of the other employees does not provide a rationale for allowing the grievances. The bargain negotiated by the parties must be respected on its strict wording. The language bargained by the parties should not be distorted because one subset of the Drafters is unhappy with the result. The Employer is not required to do more than it bargained. It is unnecessary to consider whether ured circlingU has a defined meaning or purpose as that is not the term used 10 in paragraph 5 of the LOU. The bargain set forth in paragraph 5 is that an employee who is assigned to a position within a classification with a lower maximum rate shall have his or her former rate of pay llmaintained" for a period of twelve months. The word Umaintainedll does not mean lIincreasedll. Achieving the result the Union is seeking would require different language, such as "maintained for a period of twelve months or until the rate of the lower paying position surpasses the employee's former rate of payll. What happened here was entirely foreseeable and predictable, as all of the pertinent wage scales were known by both parties at the time paragraph 5 was drafted. If the Union wanted to achieve a different result, they needed to negotiate different language. Paragraph 5 of the LOU also specifies what is to happen at the end of the twelve months. It states that if the employee is still assigned to the lower paying position, the rate of pay will be llreducedn to the appropriate rate of pay for the position. Paragraph 5 maintained the Drafters' rate of pay at $22.06 for twelve months. At the end of that period their pay rate was reduced to $21.65, which was the next highest PA2 rate. The Union's contention that it should instead have been increased to $22.31 is inconsistent with the bargain the parties struck in paragraph 5. Apart from Article 12.10, the Collective Agreement is silent about how an anniversary date is established, what an anniversary date means, and when an anniversary date ceases to exist. It is also silent about when and how employees move on 11 the salary grid. Consequently, all of those matters are within managerial discretion which is not reviewable. In this case, the Employer created a new anniversary date of April I, 2005 for employees such as the Drafters who were placed at a step below the maximum of their new classification, because it was of the view that since their reduction in pay did not occur until March 24, 2004, it was appropriate for them to stay at that step on the grid for one year before being eligible for consideration for advancement on the grid. That exercise of managerial discretion is not open to arbitral review. Moreover, even if there were some basis on which it could be reviewed, it should not be interfered with as it was entirely reasonable. Although the date of hire or the date of demotion may also be reasonable, they are no more reasonable than the date selected by the Employer in the exercise of its discretion. If the Union wanted some other date, they would have to negotiate it, In addition to the definition of "maintain" contained in the New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Employer counsel referred in support of his client's position to Ontario Public Service Employees Union and Ontario Property Assessment Corporation (discharge grievance of Ian Morrison), unreported award dated December 20, 2000 (MacDowell) j Ontario Property Assessment Corporation and O.P.S.E.U. (Grievances of Peter Pirrotta and Matthew Jazenko - temporary employees grieving competition), unreported award dated March 30, 2001 (Tacon) i Re Metropolitan Toronto Board of Commissioners of Police and 12 Metropolitan Police Association et al (1981), 124 D.L.R. (3d) 684 (Ont. C.A.) i and DuPont Canada Inc. and Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, Local 28-0, unreported award dated September 25, 2002 (Dumoulin). Decision The matter to be determined in this case is how the following two sentences contained in paragraph 5 of the LOU are to be interpreted: It is agreed that any such employee who is assigned to a position within a classification having a lower maximum rate shall have his or her former rate of pay maintained for a period of twelve (12) months. After twelve months, if the employee is still assigned to the lower paying position, their rate of pay shall be reduced to the appropriate rate of pay for the position. As submitted on behalf of the Union and not disputed by counsel for the employer, onus does not playa role in a case of this type since collective agreement interpretation is a question of law to which no onus is ordinarily applicable (see Re Grey County Board of Education and Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation, District 23, supra, at page 416). It is the Union's contention that paragraph 5 provides for a "red circling" which ceases at the end of twelve months, or earlier if the rate of the target position equals or surpasses the rate of the source position at any time prior to the expiry of that twelve-month period. As indicated in Re Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and O.P.S.E.U., Local 583, supra, at page 3, the way tired circling" normally works is to preserve a wage rate or benefit for a "classll of employees by freezing it at a pre-existing 13 level until the collective agreement provides them with a superior benefit. However, as further indicated on that page of the award, "[t]he question is, what exactly was it that is intended to be preserved by that Letter, and it is to the language of the Letter itself that one must ultimately look in deciding that question. II In Re Overlander Extended Care Hospital and B.C.N,U" supra, at page 350, Arbitrator Germaine wrote, in part, as follows at page 350 in describing the purpose of a red-circled salary: , .. It is, as the Union submits, to protect the employee who loses a higher-rated position. Although not prepared to take it into account, the majority in Selkirk [Re Selkirk & District General Hospital and Selkirk Nurses, Loc. 16 (1998), 69 L.A.C. (4th) 320 (Graham)] agreed the purpose was to "ease the transition from a higher to a lower category, and to protect the affected nurses from the adverse consequences of a sudden drop in pay ... [as well] as 'compensation' for a loss of stature and position" (p. 330). Alternatively, it is to "provide a measure of protection to the employee who has been 'displacedf by the action of the Employer (Re St, Amant Centre and M,N.U., Loc. 95 (Carter) (January 15, 1999), unreported award (Hamilton), at para. 52 [summarized in 55 C.L.A.S, 34], ... the precise purpose may vary from contract to contract.,. . It is evident from the wording of paragraph 5 of the LOU that the second sentence of that paragraph was intended to provide some financial protection to employees who, as a result of the reorganization, were assigned to a position within a classification having a lower maximum rate than their previous position. That sentence provided for their former rate of pay to be IImaintained for a period of twelve (12) monthsfl, instead of being reduced to the rate closest to but less than the rate they were receiving in their previous 14 position, as would normally have occurred in such circumstances pursuant to Article 26,14 of the Collective Agreement. Thus, the Drafters who went from the DRA2 classification (which had a Step 5 rate of $22,06 per hour) to the PA2 classification (which had a Step 5 rate of $21.66) continued to paid $22.06 per hour, instead of having their rate reduced to $21.66 per hour. It is the Union's primary position that when the step 5 rate of the PA2 classification rose to $22.31 per hour on January I, 2004, they should have been paid at that higher rate as of that date. However, the LOU does not contain language which would produce that result. An example of contractual language which delimits the operation of such a provision on the basis advocated by the Union is found in Re Overlander Extended Care Hospital and B.C.N.U" supra, at page 312: A displaced employee filling a lower rated position ... shall continue to be paid at her current rate of pay until the rate of pay in the new position equals or exceeds it.... In the instant case, if the parties had intended the maintenance of the employee's pre-existing wage rate to cease before the end of the specified twelve-month period in the event that it was equalled or surpassed by the target positionts wage rate, they could easily have included language to that effect in paragraph 5. In the absence of any such language, the position advocated by the Union cannot be adopted, as to do so would be to "alter, modify, add to or amend 'I the Agreementr which is expressly proscribed by Article 10.21. 15 The result advocated by the Union also cannot legitimately be achieved by implying such a term, as the Collective Agreement expressly restricts arbitral authority to do so. See, for example, Ontario Public Service Employees Union and Ontario Property Assessment Corporation (discharge grievance of Ian Morrison), supra, in which Arbitrator MacDowell wrote, in part, as follows at page 6: Under the Labour Relations Act, a collective agreement must be "in writing". It is a fairly simple and straightforward statutory requirement. However, the parties in this instance have gone farther than that, and have stipulated, quite explicitly, that it is the "wri ting - and only the "wri ting" - that is to govern their relationship. Thus, Article 1.02 excludes any col~ateral "representations, warranties or conditions that affect the rights of employeesll other than those llspecifically set out in this agreementlli and [what was then] Article 10.20 [now Article 10.21] specifically limits an arbitrator's authority to Halter, modify, add to, or amendll any of these negotiated provisions. Accordingly, any inclination an arbitrator might otherwise have to "implyll terms or "read inll llimplied obligations", must be tempered by the words of the agreement, which expressly restrict the authority to do so, This agreement directs the arbitrator to pay attention to the words that the parties have used, and it limits arbitral review on any other, or If implied" , basis. See also Ontario Property Assessment Corporation and O.P.S.E.U. (Grievances of Peter Pirrotta and Matthew Jazenko - temporary employees grieving competition), supra, in which Arbitrator Tacon affirmed the reasoning in Arbitrator MacDowellfs decision, describing it (at page 15) as "persuasive and helpfulll. The Union'S alternative position is that the Employer should have increased the Drafters' rate of pay to $22.31 per 16 hour at the end of the twelve-month maintenance period. In support of that position, the Union's representative submitted that $22.31 was the "appropriate ratell within the meaning of the third sentence of paragraph 5. However, that sentence indicates that if the employees are still assigned to the position after twelve months, "their rate of pay will be reduced to the appropriate rate of pay for the position" (my emphasis). Thus, the lIappropriate rate of payll within the meaning of that provision cannot be an increased rate; it must be a reduced rate. The IIRegular Hourly Ratesll set forth in the wages appendix (Appendix A) to the Collective Agreement for the PA2 classification for the year beginning January I, 2004 are: $19.28 $19,82 $20.41 $21.00 $21.65 $22.31 $23.00 (new) Since the rate which had been maintained for the Drafters during the twelve-month period was $22.06, the Employer complied with the requirements of paragraph 5 when it reduced their rate to $21.65, which was the next highest rate for that classification. The Union also objects to the Employer's creation of April I, 2005 as a new anniversary date for those employees. It contends that their anniversary date should have been either their date of hire or their date of demotion. However, the evidentiary stipulation contained in paragraph 12 of the IIEmployer's Positionll, which has the legal effect of uncontradicted evidence, indicates that once an employee has reached the top of the wage grid, the employee's anniversary 17 date no longer exists. All of the grieving Drafters except Lincoln Pearce were at the top of the DRA2 wage grid at the time of their demotion. (Mr. Pearce, who was not at the top of the DRA2 wage grid, retained his April 1st anniversary date.) As indicated above, Article 26.14 provides: Except as provided in 26,13, an employee who is demoted shall be paid at the rate closest to but less than the rate he or she was receiving at the time of the demotion, effective from the date of his/her demotion. For greater certainty, an employee will retain his/her anniversary date if placed in a step below the maximum of the position to which he or she is assigned. However, it is common ground between the parties that Article 26.14 does not apply to any of the grievors, as none of them was ~paid at the rate closest to but less than the rate he or she was receiving at the time of the demotion, effective from the date of his/her demotionll, having each had their former rate of pay maintained for a period of twelve months pursuant to paragraph 5 of the LOU. It is also common ground between the parties that the only other references to anniversary dates in the Collective Agreement are found in the wage schedule note which indicates that II [t]here shall be annual review dates for all classifications except PAl and STA1, which shall have semi-annual reviews~, and in Article 12.10, which provides that" [w]here an employee is promoted, a new anniversary date is established based upon the date of promotion." If the Employer were to have established the date of their demotion as a new anniversary date for the grievors 18 by analogy to Article 12.10 as the Union contends it should have done, the result would have been that the grievors' first annual review in their PA2 positions would have occurred on the very date on which the LOU's maintenance of their former rate of pay expired and, unless they were denied a step increase by the Employer, would have resulted in their pay being increased from the maintained rate of $22.06 to the PA2 step 5 rate of $22,31. However, that would clearly be inconsistent with the parties I bargain set forth in paragraph 5 of the LOU, in which it was agreed that a reduction in their pay would occur on that date. In view of that express agreement, I have concluded that it was within the Employer1s managerial discretion under Article 4.01 to set April 1, 2005 as a new anniversary date for the Drafters who were at the maximum DRA2 rate at the time of their demotion, so that they would remain at the reduced rate dictated by paragraph 5 of the LOU for a year before becoming eligible for consideration for advancement on the PA2 grid. As noted by Employer counsel during the course of his submissions, paragraph 5 of the LOU is part of a bargain which the parties negotiated in the context of a major corporate reorganization. As part of that bargain, the Employer made concessions which ensured that a number of employees avoided being laid off, and which also ensured that employees assigned to positions within a classification having a lower maximum rate would have their former rate of pay maintained for a period of twelve months. Although that fixed period of wage 19 maintenance proved to be more beneficial for some employees than for othersl its disparate effect on various employees does not entitle an arbitrator to alter the bargain that was negotiated by the parties so as to make it more beneficial for a subset of employees, such as the nine Drafters who filed grievances against the Employer. For the foregoing reasonSI the Drafters I grievances cannot succeed and must accordingly be dismissed. Based on the submissions made at the hearingl the PA3 and AD10 grievances are also hereby dismissed. DATED at Burlington, Ontario this 10th day of November, 2006. ~A.~ Robert D. Howe Sole Arbitrator 20