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HomeMy WebLinkAboutUnion 81-01-16 Jal'1 /6/~J IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION BETWEEN: ALGONQUIN COLLEGE AND ONTARIO PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEES' UNION AND IN THE MATTER OF A GRIEVANCE RELATING TO CERTAIN INSTRUCTIONAL ASSIGNMENTS. . " !{Ii.' , BOARD OF ARBITRATION: J.F.W. Weatherill, Chairman R. Cochrane,.Union Nominee R. Hubert, Company Norni~ee Hearings in this matter were held at Ottawa on September 4 and November 26, and at Toronto on December 1, 1980. C. Pa1iare for the union F.G. Hamilton, Q.C. for the employer --- ~ AHARD As 3Ct out in the Interim Award in this matter, issued on July 2, lQ80, .-t:his is a group grievance relating to .assignments made for' the period of" May 'and June, 1978. While there is some conflict in the evidence which was presented to the board, the facts necessary for ~he determination of the issue 'of principle which was put before us are not sig- nificantly in dispute. In setting out th~ nature of the dispute l'le rely in part0~-:'\lhat vIas said in the Int2rim AHard, but qualify" those- stat'ements" in the light of" the evidence" and arg.tlffient~. ,1?;re~e-9.!:ed, ~ t..~l1~..:"f"l:lx:ther. hear ipg.s. . .-.'~.' ", The grievors are "Group 111 ("Academic post-Secondary") teachers in the Business, Applied Arts and Technology and Trades Divisions of the College. Their "academic year" as contemplated by article 4.03 of the coll~ctive agreement is from September 1 to June 30. While year-round operation of the College is also contemplated by article 4.03, no question as to that arises in this case. -3- Most of the actual teaching assignments given the grievors are carried Olj.t beb.,een September and April. Most classes in Pacademic post~secondary" courses in the grievors I divisions are over by then. There follow. the writing and marking of examinations, or perhaps the submission of other material for evaluation. The teachers must then mark the examinations, evaluate the students, and participate in whatever meetings may be necessary to. permit the determination of the final marks . to each student... That,. process is usually co~pleted by . - ~ ..". .,. .".. _.". - . I.... = .. _';.. "."..... ' .. . ~ _',.' -.. .. _. . about the tenth of May. After that, for the balance of ".-.-',' '. .-...>,:.;0" :',"'..._~;.: ..' ;......~.. ": ....c....., ~~"....-;. :.....:'. c .-:..... ".: .', ," ';. < .. .". the academic year, teachers engage (according to time- tables 1;.,hich vary from one department to another) in various activities including tidying up the "loose endslt of the year just finishing, preparing courses for the year to come, or engaging in some form of professional development whether on an individual or a departmental basis. During the balance of May and for the month of June, however, there are (for most of the Group 1 teachers in the divisions referred to), no more classes. There are exceptions. Some Group 1 teachers in these divisions are involved in the continuing-intake "Manpower" programs offered by the College. Othersmay -4- have contiriuing assignments in the Continuing Educution Division, or 1n the Continuing Educatio~ section of their own division. In some cases, such teachers may be assigned to teach continuing education cla~ses, whether at night or othenvise I during Nay and June as \-lell z:s at other times. Where such assignnlents constitute a part of the X"f~gular instructional assiglh~cnts given the teaGhers ~t the outset of the academic year, no question aris~s either 0S to the right of the College to ma~e ~he assign~e~t or as t~ the ,paymen:t ther.efor....., T.hese.matters are,fully.deall:. \-;ith in Article 4. In the instant case, . \':e. arecon~,::rnedonly .w:itp .:."-;.'...-'" "~:';"_>.~:''''':.'''.._.'_, . ~.' :.c':r_7"":~' ,..,t._';';' ....,_ ~_: - ", -"." '-"_" :".,'. those Group 1 teachers whose regular teaching assig~~ents had concluded by the start of the May-June period in 1978, and who would normally have expected to be engaged in the various marking, preparing and studying activities described above, during that period. For some ten years, it had been the practice of the college to offer to teachers in the position of the grievors the opportunity to teach various continuing education courses during the May-June period. This work, which seems usually to have involved teaching at night, was in addition to the various other dutie~ which they had at that time. Teachers were under -5- no obligation to undertake such courses. It would seem that some were asked and some were notr and that of those who were asked, some did and some did not accept. Those who did accept this continuing education work were paid for it. The basis of payment is not clear, but it would appear not to have been a rate set out in the collective agreement, although it may have been related to such a rate. It is important to note that, in most cases at least, ~hese May-June continuing educa.tion.classes did not. involve. the teachers concerned ,. .... in "?v~rt-iItl~" worjc Of. the sort contemplat.ed by. article 4. . .~. .." ; ,,'~'.. '. - . T' 7" -r . _ ,".: > . \ .. ., -:. . ,_'., .... ". . ~. . . '<- . .... - -. . - . . . '. .. " . - < .". < >. . ..; i -. .. '." . .". " . .' .f.' ,": "-:.: ~"_ ,.", .' . It was simply recognized that for teachers in:.this grouPr the teaching of such continuing education. courses was something which they might, if they wished (and if they were asked), fit in, for payment, to their available time in the May-June period. In the spring of 1978 the College again offered certain continuing education classes to be given during the May- June period. In some cases it had already made arrangements with Group 1 teachers to teach continuing education classes in May and June, and in some of those cases the teachers concerned had already begun preparation of those courses. ,-.~. ."" -6- Such commitments, it would appear, were honoured, Gnd.those teachers taught the courses and Here paid far them as had been the case in the past. As a general matter, hm'lever, the College announoed that it w6uld re~uire certain teachers to teach continuing education classes in May and June, and that it would not make any extra payment in respect thereof, except where the Ifovertirne"provisions of article 4 of the collective agreement applied. ..,..:., It':appears' that',' during 1977" .and:'especiaIly' in the fall '. . ". of :.tha.t. .yea];:" #-. .t.he...Col).ege.:had made 50me IJ\ent.ion.to the. then" c." union president of the possibility that it might, as an economy measure, not continue the old arrangement, but require the teachers to perform the work in question without extra pay. However that may be, and whatever the expected and perhaps unfulfilled role of the then union president may have been, the issue before us is simply whether or ~ot the college had the right to do what it did with respect to this group of teachers. There was certainly no express agreement with the union as such in this regard, and there is no suggestion that there was amendment to the collective agreement or any other formal arrangement with respect to the matter. If the college was not entitled to take the position it did, its .' ....' ~ ~ .~.' ".. ''':''..-': -7- announcement of its intention, however,public, would not alter the case. The grievors were selected to teach continuing education classes in May and June, 1978, following the completion of their regular program of academic post- secondary courses. In some cases, this involved certain hardships in terms of altering plans for research projects, course preparation, and the like. In general, an attempt ,.waS,:q1ade ,to,make. $uc.h.,ass,ignments ,to ,those. ina.department " . " WhO.,~l~gh~..,,~~ ~,~,~ .,,~,:as.t. ~~v::r.~e:~:r,., ~ffec~ed, or who ha.d. perhaps had a lesser teaching load throughout the year. ~ .~: - '. ; In some cases it was said that efforts would be made to redress the work-load balance the following Year. It may be observed that while we are sure that ,the several department chairmen did their best to be fair in this reagrd, the standards applied were not those of the collective agreement, which deals in article 4 with the matter of teaching load. In particular it is not contemplated that equity is to be, sought only on a dep~rtmental basis, nor over a period of more than one academic year. -8- The union relies particularly on articles 4 and 8.09 of the collective agreement. Those -articles were set out ~n the Interim Award in this matter r but i-t t.,ill be l1seful to repeat them here: INSTRUcrIONAL ASS rG N1HE NTS 4.01 Tne <;oilege:; will estilolish teaching schedule:> that adhere to the- following: Grollp 1 Group2 (Ac;Jdcmi;;; -_.. P03t . Sc.:onJJcy) I ~. ...~. " ~ .. .:'''' :~'. ; - .. ...~, . " -; . . M;lXi~um:teaohillghou-rsperweck_ . . IvIJ.Ximum teaching hours per year Ma;.:imum teachi:1g hours for Nursing per year Maximum contact days per. year .,19:- ..-:.. 700 2l ... 900 .' . ",- .~+ : .:. .~, -.'.~.. . " \ ,,~.. :!: 180 175 190 The maximum tcaching hours per week shari be determined on <l rollinz avera~e for a period not exceeding ti':ree months. E<lch contact day (being a day in which one or more te.:lching hours occur) or part thereof assigned by the College and per- formed in excess of the annual maximum number of contact days for the Group concerned as set out above shalt be p<:lid on the basis of I J 180th of the employee's annual salary for Group 1 and 11 j 90th of the employee's annual salary for Group 2, provided, however. any payments for work in excess of time limits will not be pyrnmided.. 4.02 (a) Recognizing the unique characteristics of each College, the diversity of programmes and instructional techniques and the consequent range and variety of individual assignments, the parties agree that within three. (3) weeks following the publishing of instructional assignments in Sep.- tember, a College Instructional Assignment Committee of six (6) persons (three (3) persons to be appointed by each part)" -9- and to include the College President or Senior Administrative' Academic Officer) shall meet to: (i) consider the application of Section 4.01 to the' instructional a$signments across the C?llege; (ii) resolve apparent inequitable instructional assign~ ments; (iii) consider a claim by an individual tn:l.t his instruc~ tiona1 assignment is inequitable. The Committee shall in its considerations have regard to such variables affecting assignmec.ts as: (a) nature and number of subj~ts to be taught; (b) level of teaching and business experience of the faculty and availability of technical und other resource assistance; (c) nel;.~.s.;ary academic p.'ejJa~at:on and student. contact; .......... ..- ~... , .. . ........... . ...,'. ..... ..,.' -...... . .. r ,... (d) exami.riati6rimarktngdand assessing responsi. . . ,,"',., ~ ' '..... "o! . T bilities; . :" (el size:of class; (f) instructional mode(s); (g) assignments ancillary , L '.0 to . :<". . : 'l "~I. __ .0. + .... ~ I to instructional acti. vitie5; . (h) previously assig."'1ed schedules; (i) other assignments; (j) necessary excessive travel time between assign- ments. . (b) A majority decisibn of the College Committee shall . be binding upon the parties and the employee(s) concerned. (e) If the teache~is complaint is not resolved by the: Committee, he may file a grievance as to the application of Section 4.01 within ten (to) days of recei~ing the Committee's. decision referred to in. paragraph (b) above and refcr the ~ gril:v:ml:e to .:lrbiu":llion as referred [0 in Section 9.03. ~~_~w.o_~~~.~.J~____--=~_~~ r._~~""'-''''''''''''''''''''-'''':;''._o~~~~J!I ~.~''''''lr~~~~''~~-''~''~~'''}jU.:.i:~tli=...Z:J:-~D;;",,,,,'''_;c:;;~Jf~,,-~'';'~Y~tEi''-;:c.-''!'I.'!'iT~~~~~~~~4i?.,il,J,"'~~,~~...!;n...~-O;~~.~li'_'_IIf_I'l~m 'fV,- -~~~~-~~~-~~~~~~:~~~"'-i~P'~ - ~:[ .. ':.OJ 7he ~'::cm;~ ye:u s~.Jil he l:n (10) ;nonth, in cur:it;on am! 51ml!, (0 the C-'t!'.:."'l! it be r ,--;L,ibie in the scv\:r:l.l Co~:~:-:~'i 10 do so, be from 1st S<.-p{anber [0 the foUowir.~ 30th JU:1::. Th:: academic ye~r shill in any event perr:'lir year round o;::.:~ti;Jn ~nd where <: Gollege d~erm.i.nes the need5 of any prograrnm:. otherwise, then the s;:h~uIiI\:! of a.memb.::r in one or both of the- months of July and August sh~ll. be on a consent or rotJ.tional basis. 4.C4-The assigned hours of work for Ub:.lri.:lns and Coun- s.:ilors shall normallY he thjrty~fivc (35) hours po;r week but sl1~U not be formaliy assigned in exc;:,. ofthirty~five (35) hours pc:r week. ;".<":\ . 1,.05 The parties ugree that no college shall circumvent tlw provisioilS of this Article by arr~nzing for unreasonabl~ ,0.;., .teacmngloads on the-'part oLpei:son5whoare~cluded fro'm , or not included- in the academic bat gaining unit. ' , - - , ' - 4.06 During the teaching schedule, employees shat! not tab, ~' , " . - '--~ny" employment. consulting 'ohe~chin3 'activity outside" the . College except with the prior wriw:n consent of this D~part- me:nt Head. - 4.07 Where the Colleges require the perfonnance of work b:.>yond the limits herein estab!i$hed, the Colleges shall provide MY suC'h employee with propo::r work facilities during such period. l' I.;" :.~. _: ~- ... . i." 8.09 Extension, and Continu!ng Education programmes and courses which are not included in the regllbr :Issignmcnr of full-time employees are excluded from the application of this Article for all purposes. " '~.i"> _<__". "... '-," . . I ~ -11- It may be said at once that a "Group 1" teacher is not necessarily restricted to. assignment to "post-secondary" courses. Most such teachers, it seems, are engaged in such ~ work, but as a general matter nothing prevents their assign- ment to the other teaching areas in \'lhich the College is involved. Had the classes in question been included in the grievors' instructional assignments published in Septe~ber 1977, then (subject to the right of recourse referred to in article 4.02 of the collective agreement, ~nd subject to . . . 'payment or't-overtime":;' if'approprlateY/' there'could' hav~', been >, ".,." ;0:,. ....~. ., no.valid.complaint.:' '.-, ..' .,." I . ~\.; . .' ...~ t- o. ',-,": .. ..:. :...... It is, nevertheless, the case that extension and continuing education'programmes and courses are of a special nature, and that those engaged in them may, in some circumstances, receive different treatment under the collective agreement from those who are not. This is particularly ,clear from article 8.09 of the collective agreement, which excludes such programmes and courses from the application of article 8 (the seniority pro- vision) f \'!here they "are not included in the regular assignment of full-time employees". In the instant case the grievors were indeed "assignedU continuing education courses, but these courses were clearly -12- .. not par.t of their "regular" assignment. They ,.;ere clearly not part of the procedure i..:hich the College had follQf,.'led in,past years, but more importantly they \'lere not part of the instructional assignments nlade in September of the academic year. It is for that reason, in our view, that the assignments in question .......ere not part of the grievors I "regular" assignments, and "'Tere thus not "'lithin the scope of the positions. they held to which the seniority provisions applied. The ... . continuing education courses - in the particula.r circum- -"'.";. :~"_- .".... _:'_,._".~~ .... ";.\.:,.. >,~~:"L.' .._~.'...::.-c' ._"C::':~'_:-~~,' :. :'.'-_'''~'~_''-~:'_'. .~c _.....'.~...-. '.-"i:. . '-~_~" " ,- ::,:' . "-..,.,.. ._.~.' " '_. ,_: : ::_ ,.,.~~:' ._" .:~ ~', . . ,: '. " ,-',<'-'..< stances involved here, and for thes8 particular tcac~ers >", ~ c. ",_".:; .'.' '_' "._ ~ . _' _" r" '.' . . .' '. . ' ",' ...~ .: '. ' " ~ ~ ~ :':"." -.-,'"( .:.;-":':.';" ., ,'.. ~ ." 'i . . '. ,._"~ :- J . .'~.' " ,.~. .~ . ,~. : .~. -..- .; ~". - :. "_..":. '0. - t,~rere a special case J as the collce t ive agrc~ner:.t. con tf~r:1~ plated. In insisting.as we do on the importance of article 4.02(a), we do not suggest that no variations of instructional , ' assignments once published may be made. : Apart from . that, it would be .our view that the exercise of management functions described in article 7 would require the College from time to time to alter instructional assignments to meet the needs of particular situations. This is not to say, however, ~hat as the end of the regularly-assigned teaching period approaches, and when the published instruc-. tional assignments have been largely performed, the College :-'_L'~_~ - ~L __1 Ta..._~~___ _______ ..1...h. ~j~6~j,_.L. ~ -Lf ~ L-_~ -13- may simply add to them a set of assignments of a different nature, to be performed without pay. Article 4.02(a), as we have noted, contemplates the publishing of instructional assignments in September. The "application" of such assignments "across the College" ~s to be considered by a College Instructional Assignments Committee, and the variables which the Committee is to bear in mind are set out in article 4.02. Even apart from such alterations as. the Cc>In~nit~e~. (ol':...ultinlatelYL a board of.. . ".',_".:.>'.i, arbitration) might effect, it would still, as \'le have suggested, c,". ._,._.c, ........_,~n .;"',.':. :'.":': ",.."t "",_,:'-~ .:':<.. : . ~. :.:' .-' ....,,". ...~. . " .. be open to the College to make appropriate arid proper variations. The present case, as we find, g6es beyond that, and involves the assignment of work \vhich, while not "overtime", was not included in the regular assignments on which the grievors were entitled to rely. For the foregoing reasons it is our conclusion that the assignments in question were, in the circumstances of this case, in violation of the collective agreement. It is our award that the grievors be paid in respect of the continuing education courses taught in the May-June period of 1978. -:-14- The compensation to be paid is to be calculated on the basis of the pay:uent which ,;..'"ould helve been made had the practice of previous years beenfollo\'l2.d, and not necessarily on the basis of the "overtime" provisions of the collectivc'agreementjcxccpt in cases to \'Thich these might apply. This board retains j uris- , dict~Qn to deal with questions of compensation in the event the parties are'unable to agree thereon. :',"-""." '.' ;. ..P'l\,*,~o.o.A'+':. ~o.~()N.';'P h.t:P,i?,.. If,) tl1..4ay.,p f:~ J ~r:_uaF.~../. .)-9, ~J .~. . . "~'" ..~.. , ,':"._~ -"'. . _..r.' . :.. .. .-." ." "I ;.~...'. .::. ,_ ~ .. . ."'"':" ~ , :' .~. . . .' .' ," .., . ,..-.'.-- ~ ",; , "','" . ..- - . \'l ~ -P 'c" ( , j ,; II ' ~ I J', . Ji If( fU0/r.2i.t/"1t....U r: {- . Chairman "R.A. COCHRANEII Union Nominee Employer Nominee DISSENT I do not agree that the College has violated the terms of the Agreement. In this case, the College was faced with further budget reductions and as one measure designed to alleviate the financial constraints, assigned post-secondary teachers to teach Continuing Education Programmes in May and JUne. While this action was different.from past practice, the intention to change was discussed with the Union and the formally communicated by the President of the College on April 4, 1978. Principles designed to achieve fairness and equity in such assignments were established and co~~unicated- to Department Heads. The result of this action was to minimize the number of teachers hired from outside to teach. Continuing Education and the saving of tHO to three full-tirne,positions, as opposed to a staff reduction. . _ Th~ i~suetobe c:1et.ermined is whether or not the action .. of the: Colle'ge was~cdhtra:.rY '-Co' -'ther'te:tms'of 'the' Agreement. 'Article, 7.." enables the College' to generally manage the, , affairs of.the inst~tution, including the right to plan, direct and control operations, determine complement, the scheduling of assignments and work provided such rights are not specifically modified by the Agreement. The scheduling of staff assignments in an efficient and appropriate manner, consistent with the terms of the Agreement is a function management must' perform. . Consider then the action of the College in the light of other pertinent sections of the Agreement. Article 4.016 establishes that teaching schedules will adhere to the hours so specified. Should there be a contact day or part thereof assigned by the College and performed in excess of the annual maximum for the specific Group, the method of compensation is set forth. The facts of this grievance established that the grievors did not exceed the maximum hours specified in Article 4.01,' including the time_teaching in Continuous Education and therefore there is no basis under this clause to award compensation or claim violation of the Agreement. . . . . . . . . . /2 ~:fCIU-~ 1111 ._~~~~_~ ~b..Jl Ail _ ._ _ .IL...I_L__ ~ ~"_P.!b..~~~ 2 When establishing teaching schedules, Article 4.03 specifies the academic year to be ten months in duration, and shall to the extent it be feasible to do so, be from 1st Septe2ber to the following 30th June. Article 4.03. clearly id~ntifies a potential ten month teaching period and. evidence of the College established that a nlliuber of teachers are 50 assigned. The only restriction to this provision relates to schedu~ing in July and August which shall be on a consent or rotational basis. The scheduling of the grievors to tea~h certain hours in May .and June is consistent ,.;ith the provisions of Article 4.03. . Article 4.02. recognizes the diversity of programmes and instructional techniques and the consequent range and variety of individual assignemtns that occur in managing the affairs of the College. This Article sets out the procedure to be followed in considering the application of Section 4.01, to resolve ~pparent inequitable instructional ., .;:...,:.';assingrnents.,.and,to.. con~i.4er a;.claim:by:an.individu9-.l..." .,. that his instructional assignment is inequitable. -.'The. A\qard.tak.es the:position. il:t:'theoutset:tha:t "\"here such assignments constitute a part of the regular in- structional assignment given the teachers at the outset of the academic year, no question arises either as to the right of the College to make the assignment or as to the payment therefor. Article 4.02. refers to publishing of instructional assignments in September and the work of the College Instructional Assignment Committee following that period. The Award goes on to acknowledge the importance of Article 4.02 (a) and is clear and correct in stating that ",1e do not suggest that no va.riationsof instructional assi gumen ts once published may be made. Apart from that, it would be our view that the exercise of management functions described in Article 7 would require the College from time to time to alter instructional assignments to meet the n'eeds of particular situations." The Award concludes that ueven apart from such alterations as the Committee might effect, it would still, as we have suggested, be open to the College to make appropriate and proper variationsll. That reasoning in my view is correct. There must be opportuni ty for the College to make instructional assignments at various times during the year to meet the needs of the College in offering a wide variety of educational programmes. While the award upholds the right to rnalce _. variations in assignments, the ultimate conclusion then goes on to say that these particular variations .are invalid because of when they were made. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. . /'3 .~ ~-: .~ . .". :,;. '"..0:- -~.i~ ~.. .'.,~ I ~ :~,.... .-. ~...!-:, . . ..... . -: "", 3 This conclusion would seem to be contradictory to the previous statements acknowledging the right to the College to make assignments to meet the needs of particular situations. Let us further examine. the facts. In evidence the College outlined the basis of establishing schedules and it is clear that all schedules are not established in September and never have been. Winter schedules, for example, are normally determined in November. One must consider the practical realities of the situation as well as the provisions of the Agreement. In evidence the College outlined the broad range of courses offered in Continuous Education and the fact that the decision as to whether or not the course will be offered is only made following enrollment. The particular courses over which this dispute arose are offered in Spring, and it is not until the first week in May that a final decision ..is"rnadeL:'At times 'basedh'on.the previous'..en-rollmentin, .....c -,.... ..,.... ;. other years, the College may have a good idea of what to ...expect, but. sucll speculation. would be most imprac:ticalas a basis for confirming teaching assignments at an early date and would of course be of no value for new or changed. programmes. It would be highly impractical to give instructional assign- ments for such courses earlier in the year, have the teacher possibly undertake.some preparatory work and then to cancel the assignment because of the lack of student enrollments. Such a practice would be equally upsetting to the teacher particul~rly where he has planned his time accord~ngly. If the College is to use present teachers to handle such classes, the most practical solution is to only make the assignment when sufficient enrollment is ensured. The Award suggests that College is improper in adding new assignments when those assignments made earlier in the year are nearing completion. In this respect, the College must be in a position to consider, plan, and develop programmes throughout the year to improve the stability and/or growth of the College. Such programmes cannot for a variety of reasons dealt with in evidence be determined in advance for specific times during the year. I would find that the Agreement does not restrict the College to making instructional assignments only at one time and their action is this particular grievance does not violate the terms of Article 4.02. ........./4 ~'"ii';:!I"';f_~~~_____ . M _ - . 4 The College endeavoured to act fairly in what they did, recogniz.ing the exigencies of the situation. The teacher has protection against an unreasonable work load, without overtime pay, based on the protection provided in Article 4.01. .Reference is made in the award .to Article 8.09 of the Agreement. I do not believe that anything in this grievance turns on or is affected by the provisions .of 8.09. This provision only has meaning .,..;rhen considering the application of" the Seniority Article. I aCknO\'lledge that the Article spells out different seniority treatment ",hen Continuing Education. programinas . are not part of a teachers regular assignment. . One cannot conclude from this provision that there is a restriction on scheduling teachers to teach in Continuing .Education during the year.. For these reasons I would find that the action of the Colleg'~ ~vere in.conforIPi ty \vi th the terms of the l\greeITan t.. . >'~ ," . .;:..... . . l:~......'_.:<.,.:..~;~'.;:...,~;..:......_.:.:~.:.....:::... .~...~;I.., ," ',',' :".'-'. "."'H."' .~ ~..., . "~' ~ . - .", , , - . ....,... , ..:I.,-....~ ::~.'~.:-~L:_~.; ..'.:-.;.. .:' ~ '. : ~ .-...::' ~ ..,; . . " !{.'. ." ....."....,..'..,.:.. '.' f 'C.) . ~\N..\~v'v'\ . . .~.. '.":~' ~ < :i- R.A. Hubert .... February 9, 1981 . '.."-.,'.,"';' . .."