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P-2010-1258, P-2010-2168
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION
Under
THE PUBLIC SERVICE ACT
Before
THE PUBLIC SERVICE GRIEVANCE BOARD
BETWEEN
Complainant
Karen McDonald
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The Crown in Right of Ontario
(Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services)
Employer
BEFORE.DWKOHHQ*2¶1HLOVice-Chair
FOR THE COMPLAINANTKaren McDonald
FOR THE EMPLOYERJamie Kneen
Ministry of Government Services
Labour Practice Group
Counsel
WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS
May 24, 2011.
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Decision
[1]This decision deals with an issue raised by the applicant Karen McDonald regarding a
settlement of a grievance that she entered into on February 4, 2011. She disputes the
manner in which the settlement has been implemented by the employer, as amounts
were deducted from a portion of the settlement which was characterized as an amount
of wages. The employer takes the position that it was required by law to make
statutory deductions from the wages agreed to in the settlement.
Factual/procedural background
[2]Ms. McDonald filed two complaints with the Board in 2010, alleging a breach of
various terms and conditions of her employment as an Operational Manager. During
a mediation session concerning those matters on February 4, 2011, she and the
employer decided to settle the issues between them. A detailed Memorandum of
Settlement was signed, which included a confidentiality clause. These reasons
attempt to preserve the agreed confidentiality to the extent possible.
[3]The issue raised by Ms. McDonald concerns a term of the agreement which provided
that an amount would be paid to her, specified as wages. When the applicant
received a payment from the employer pursuant to the settlement, it was not the
figure listed in the settlement, but a lesser amount, net after statutory deductions.
[4]7KHDSSOLFDQW¶VEDVLFVXEPLVVLRQLVWKDWWKHPLnutes of settlement did not indicate that
the monetary amount would be subject to deductions, so that she should receive the
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full amount. She now believes that the wording of the settlement was drafted by the
Employer in an attempt to fool her into believing that she would get the whole
amount stated and that the employer took advantage of her willingness to cooperate in
coming to a settlement. She indicates she had experience with other settlements in
which no deductions were made, and therefore had no reason to assume this would
not be the same.
[5]7KHHPSOR\HU¶VVXEPLVVLRQVZHUHWRWKHHffect that when the parties agreed to
characterize the amount in question as wages, it became subject to all the regular
deductions with which the applicant would be familiar from her regular pay cheque.
These included required deductions in respect of income tax, the Canada Pension
Plan and Employment Insurance. On behalf of the employer, counsel denies any
wrong-doing or elusiveness in respect of its conduct leading up to the settlement.
[6]For the purposes of this decision, which is aimed at determining whether there should
be direction to the employer or a hearing on the issue raised, I have treated Ms.
0F'RQDOG¶VVWDWHPHQWVRIIDFWDVWUXHDQGKHUEHOLHIVDERXWWKHHPSOR\HU¶VLQWHQWLRQV
as inferences she wishes the Board to draw from facts such as that the employer did
not explicitly advise that wages required deductions.
[7]Settlements are a form of contract, a set of mutual promises. The Board is legally
required to interpret them according to the plain meaning of the words used, in light
of the generally applicable law. Having carefully considered the material before me,
I find that the employer was required by law to make the deductions it made,
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according to the various statutes applicable to employers, whether or not it was
explicitly stated in the settlement. Ms. McDonald did not actually dispute that the
employer was required to make deductions from wages, basing her submission more
on the idea that the employer should have explicitly advised her of the requirement or
written it into the settlement.
[8]Turning to the allegations about the employeU¶VFRQGXFW,GRQRWILQGWKDWWKHIDFWV
alleged are enough to make out a case of improper conduct, or that they provide
sufficient basis to proceed further with this matter. Basically, it is not a proper
inference from the fact that Ms. McDonald was not explicitly advised or reminded by
the employer that wages required statutory deductions, that the employer was
intending to trick her into settling. Further, there is nothing about the deduction of
the amounts required by statute that is exclusively in the knowledge of the employer,
or otherwise generally unknown to employees such as the applicant. In these
circumstances I do not find that the failure to disclose raised any issue of lack of good
faith or misrepresentation. And there is no suggestion that the employer
representatives stated that deductions would not be made, or that there was any form
of duress.
[9]7KHDSSOLFDQW¶VDOOHJDWLRQVDUHLQHVVHQce a statement of disappointment that the
employer did not explicitly advise or insert in the settlement a statement that the word
³ZDJHV´FDUULHGZLWKLWWKHREOLJDWLRQWRPDNH the same type of deductions as any pay
FKHTXH1RQHWKHOHVV0V0F'RQDOGGRHVQRWDUJXHWKDWWKHZRUG³ZDJHV´ZDVQRW
understood by her, or that she was a stranger to statutory deductions, although she
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does indicate her view that an average person such as herself would not have known
that such substantial deductions would be taken. Unfortunately for the success of her
request, this does not change the legal requirement to make deductions. If it turns out
that the applicant does not owe all the tax deducted, because of the specifics of her
situation, she could of course be entitled to a refund after her tax return is filed for the
year.
[10]$VWR0V0F'RQDOG¶VH[SHULHQFHZLWKDny other settlement in which statutory
deductions were not made, it may have been that payments in those cases were in
respect of general damages, rather than wages, which are treated differently for
purposes of deductions. The parties did not characterize the monetary payments as
general damages, or some other category such as repayment of expenses, which do
not require the deductions that wages do. I am bound to interpret the settlement
reached on February 4, 2011 on its own terms, which clearly express an intention that
the amount paid was intended to be treated as wages. Although it would have been
clearer if the requirement to make deductions from wages had been explicitly
referenced in the settlement wording, the Board and the parties are nonetheless bound
by the statutes that require an employer to make certain deductions from wages.
[11]I note that one of the themes in the appliFDQW¶VVXEPLVVLRQVZDVWKDWVKHDVVXPHGWKDW
if there was anything she needed to know, the employer or their legal counsel would
advise her. She indicates that she has lost faith in the employer as a result, as she no
longer feels that the employer was trying to remedy the serious things that went
wrong, or that she was treated with the appropriate respect. The applicant was
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unrepresented by counsel, a frequent occurrence before the Board. It is important for
all applicants to understand that although the choice is their own as to whether they
engage counsel, some other representative or appear on their own behalf, the choice
to appear unrepresented does not convert employer counsel or representatives into
their advisors. Counsel for the employer and the employer representatives may, in
the course of a mediation or litigation before the Board, make statements and have
conversations with an applicant or grievor which contain advice, or suggestions.
Nonetheless, the role of counsel and the employer representatives in a mediation or
arbitration before the Board is essentiall\WRUHSUHVHQWWKHHPSOR\HU¶VYLHZRIWKH
matter, which will be different from, and RSSRVHGWRWKHDSSOLFDQW¶VYLHZRIWKH
disputed questions, rather thanWR³KHOS´RUDGYLVHWKHDpplicant in the negotiations.
In any event, the applicant was free at all times to seek whatever advice from any
advisors of her own that she chose, or indeed to seek further clarification or
information from the employer concerning any term prior to signing the document, or
to decline to do so.
[12]In sum, there is nothing in the material alleged before me which is sufficient to make
the settlement unenforceable in its current form, or require the employer to pay the
full amount of wages listed in the settlement directly to Ms. McDonald without
statutory deductions. The facts raised are not sufficient to lead the Board to find that
the settlement has not been complied with, or that the employer conducted itself in a
PDQQHUWKDWUHTXLUHVWKH%RDUG¶s intervention. In the result, the Board does not have
a sufficient basis on which to order the employer to do anything further about the
implementation of the settlement.
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[13]The Board however continues to remain seized in the event of any further dispute as
to the interpretation or implementation of the settlement, which the parties are unable
to resolve themselves
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Dated at Toronto this 15 day of July 2011.
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